The document provides an overview of the dental pulp, including its embryology, structures, functions, nerves, and conclusion. It discusses how the pulp develops from the fifth week of embryology and continues developing through childhood. It describes the principal cells of the pulp, including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, and immunocompetent cells. The document outlines the layers of the pulp and discusses the microvasculature, interstitial fluid, fibers, ground substance, and nerves found within the pulp. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of thorough knowledge and understanding of the pulp for its preservation and successful management in disease cases.
19. White
Is the color of milk and
fresh snow, the color
produced by the
combination of all the
colors of the visible
spectrum.
DENTINE
STRUCTURE
Black
Is the color of coal,
ebony, and of outer
space. It is the darkest
color, the result of the
absence of or complete
absorption of light.
20. White
Is the color of milk and
fresh snow, the color
produced by the
combination of all the
colors of the visible
spectrum.
DENTINE
STRUCTURE Black
Is the color of coal,
ebony, and of outer
space. It is the darkest
color, the result of the
absence of or complete
absorption of light.
36. DENTAL
PULP
DIFFERENT LAYERS
ODONTOBLAST LAYER CAPILLARIES, NERVE
FIBRES, DENDRITIC
CELLS
CELL FREE ZONE PLEXUS OF
RASCHOW,
CAPILLARIES,
FIBROBLASTIC
PROCESSES
CELL RICH ZONE HIGH DENSITY OF
FIBROBLAST,
UNDIFFERENTIATED
MESENCHYMAL CELLS
PULP PROPER BLOOD VESSELS,
NERVE FIBRES,
FIBROBLAST,
UNDIFFERENTIATED
MESENCHYMAL
CELLS,
IMMUNOCOMPETENT
CELLS, FIBERS AND
GROUND
SUBSTANCES.
37. INTERSTITIAL FLUID Rigid encasement – blood and IF constant
ECF – 63%
Low compliance
Increase in pulpal volume
Blood or IF
Hydrostatic pressure
No noxious stimuli – pressure transitory
38. INTERSTITIAL FLUID Similar to blood plasma
Acts as a middleman between cells
and blood
Substances transported - diffusion
Capillaries are widely distributed
46. Collagen – major organic component
Secreted by odontoblast and fibroblast
Several fibres aggregate – collagen bundle
Inelastic, great tensile strength
Fibronectin – mediator for adhesion
47. GROUND SUBSTANCES
Structure less mass, gel-like in
consistency, makes the bulk of the
pulp organ
Complexes of carbohydrates,
proteins and water
Surrounds and supports
49. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Before the arterioles break up into capillary beds, (AVA) often arise to
connect the arteriole directly to a venule.
Relatively small vessels - diameter -10 µm.
Their presence is more frequent in the radicular area of the pulp.
The functional role -not completely known
50. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Capillary density is highest in
the sub odontoblastic region
with loops passing between
odontoblasts
51. ARTERIO VENOUS ANASTAMOSIS AND “U” TURN LOOPS
Capillaries empty into small venules
Successively larger venules
Exit the pulp
Vessels that drain PDL and alv.bone
52.
53. REGULATION OF PULPAL BLOOD FLOW
1. sympathetic α-adrenergic
vasoconstriction
2. β-adrenergic vasodilation,
3. sympathetic cholinergic
vasoactive system
4. an antidromic vasodilation
54. THE STEALING THEORY Place your screenshot here
clinical treatment causing vasodilatation in adjacent
tissues may decrease the circulation to the dental pulp.
55. LOW- COMPLIENCE SYSTEM THEORY Place your screenshot here
In this system, any increase in blood flow or
vasodilation has a limit depending on the degree of
increase in tissue pressure.
56. TRANS CAPILLARY FLUID FLOW Place your screenshot here
The hydrostatic pressure outside the vessels is
normally considerably lower than the blood pressure
inside the capillaries
57. LYMPH
VESSELS
Removal of proteins and macromolecules
Recovery of inflammation
Reversible pulpitis depends
Most lymphatic's – root pulp
59. The fact that materials placed
on pulps can migrate to
lymph nodes indicates the
possibility of the spread of
bacteria or bacterial products
from the pulp.
60. Clinicians should remember this when performing
dental procedures since their placement of materials on
dentin or the pulp may result in widespread
distribution of that material or medicament.
63. NEURO
PEPTIDES
In addition to their vasoactive
functions, stimulated sensory and
autonomic nerves release biologically
active peptides, known as
neuropeptides, that influence neural
activity and functioning.
Synthesized – ribosomes
Processed – ER & GC
Released – nerve terminals
66. FUNCTION
neuropeptide
CGRP
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68. Preservation of healthy dentin pulp complex
Successful management in cases of disease
Thorough knowledge
Proper understanding
Preservation
Successful management
69. REFERENCES
Ingle’s
ENDODONTICS
6TH EDITION
Cohen:
Pathways of the
Pulp, 9th ed.
Orban’s oral
histology and
embryology 13th
edition
Pashley DH, Kehl T,
Pashley E, Palmer P.
Comparison of in vitro
and in vivo dog dentin
permeability. J Dent Res
1981;60:763.
Rowe NH, editor.
Hypersensitive dentin:
origin and management.
Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan;
Bletsa A, Berggreen E,
Fristad I, et al. Cytokine
signalling in rat pulp
interstitial fluid and
transcapillary fluid
exchange during
lipopolysaccharide-
induced acute
inflammation. J Physiol
2006;573:225–36.
In bud stage oral epithelium invaginates to form tooth bud
In cap stage neural crest cells initiate the formation of dental lamina, from dental lamina enamel organ develops under which the dental papilla is present, dp is basically an ectomesen.. Of mandible and gives rise to dentin and pulp. Dp is sorrounded by df, the dp&df together called as dental sac, ds and enam organ is called as tooth germ
Ectomesnchyme of dp gives rise to odontoblasts,which form dentin, inner enamel epithelium which consists of ameloblasts gives rise to enamel
Using the laser Doppler technique to study pulpal blood flow in dogs, Sasano et al. suggested that
an increase or a decrease in pulpal blood flow is more dependent on systemic blood pressure than on local vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
changes in circulation in the neighboring adjacent tissues, such as the gingiva, alveolar bone, and PDL, will change the blood flow to the pulp because it will affect the feeding pulpal arterial blood pressure
The dental pulp is encased in rigid structures, namely dentin, enamel, and cementum, creating a low-compliance system
The dental pulp is encased in rigid structures, namely dentin, enamel, and cementum, creating a low-compliance system
The relationship of teeth to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems is intimate and absolute.