Demented Patient Ingestion

Demented Patient Ingestion
The time when demented patients can't eat anything by dysphagia comes at the terminal phase. At
such times, nursing staffs wonder whether they would allow patients to keep on oral ingesting. This
report shows the case that a demented patient with severe dysphagia kept on ingesting food orally
and being put on a drip till the last. The patient was a female, 95 years of age. In the beginning of
July 2013, she frequently choked during a meal and we examined her with deglutition endoscope.
The inspection showed it was very critical for her to keep the oral ingestion. However, we hesitated
whether we would prohibit her oral ingestion, as she wished to eat the food orally. So we suggested
her oral ingestion at a minimum with a supplementary drip,
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Small Bowel Ingestion: A Case Study
A 61 year old female was at Christus Spohn South Hospital to have a small bowel series done on
September 15, 2016. She had prior radiographs from September 14, 2016, September 13, 2016 and
September 12, 2016. She also had a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis from September 8, 2016 and
had a recent surgery on her abdomen. Radiographs of her abdomen showed staples and surgical
clips along her midline in the epigastric region of her stomach. She was being evaluated for a
possible bowel obstruction in the ileus. The radiographic exam of the small bowel was being
performed without the use of fluoroscopy. The patient's radiographic room was prepped before she
came down for the study. A 14x17 digital image receptor was placed lengthwise in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Following the ingestion of the barium sulfate a high KUB radiograph was taken using 100 kV and
80 mAs with 50 inch SID. The central ray was 3 inches above the level of her iliac crest and the
exposure was taken at the end of expiration. The time was annotated on each and every radiograph
taken throughout the study. The patient was then rolled onto their right side to allow the stomach to
drain. The patient remained lying on her right side for 15 minutes and then turned back to the supine
position for another high KUB radiograph of the stomach. The same technical factors were used of
100 kV and 80 mAs and a SID of 50 inches with the central ray 3 inches above her iliac crest. On
the 15 minute radiograph the barium had moved to the second part of the small intestine the
jejunum. The patient requested that she stay lying in the supine position instead of lying on her right
side because it was more comfortable for her. The technologist said that was fine because the barium
did move. However, if the barium had not moved, she would have been returned into the right
lateral position. If the patient is able to get up and walk around at this time it is ideal to allow the
barium to start moving through the small

Lop of Lop
Objective: To identify the components of the two solutions with Iodine test and ... Discussion: ...
Why You Add Hydrochloric Acid in Hydrolysis of Starch.
Ingestion of saliva during carbohydrate feeding by ... – SciELO www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
pid=S0074–02762006000100016&script... by RR Cavalcante – ‎
2006 – ‎
Cited by 5 – ‎
Related articles
Saliva ingestion by phlebotomine during the carbohydrate ingestion phase is ... The presence of
saliva in each type of solution or substrate offered, as well as ... 0.2 ml of apyrase assay buffer pH 8
(50 mM Tris/HCl buffer containing 1 mM CaCl2, ... Saliva ingestion occurred under each condition
investigated, as indicated by ...
Experiment: investigation of action of saliva and hydrochloric ... ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
.... Plants produce carbohydrates as a result of Photosynthesis, predominately .... Investigate how the
concentration of hydrochloric acid effects the rate at .... Link to discussion of these ribozymes.
[DOC]9 Saliva on starch www.biology–resources.com/documents/...sup/.../09–saliva–on–starch.doc
The action of saliva on starch ... (d) Using a graduated pipette or syringe, add 5 cm3 2% starch
solution to tubes 3,4 and 7. ... Discussion ... for the reaction between starch and hydrochloric acid
differed from those in the starch/saliva reactionObjective: To identify the components of the two
solutions with Iodine test and ... Discussion: ... Why You Add Hydrochloric Acid in Hydrolysis of
Starch.
Ingestion of saliva during carbohydrate feeding by ... – SciELO www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
pid=S0074–02762006000100016&script... by RR Cavalcante – ‎
2006 – ‎
Cited by 5 – ‎
Related articles
Saliva ingestion by phlebotomine during the carbohydrate ingestion phase is ... The presence of
saliva in each type of solution or substrate offered, as well as ... 0.2 ml of apyrase assay buffer pH 8
(50 mM Tris/HCl buffer containing 1 mM CaCl2, ... Saliva ingestion occurred under each condition
investigated, as indicated by ...
Experiment: investigation of action of saliva and hydrochloric ...
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid... Jun 25, 2012 – 1) Name of enzyme involved
2)specific action(s) of enzymes involved.
Two hydrolytic enzymes

Envm 665 Risk Management Essay
ENVM 665
RISK MANAGEMENT
ASSIGNMENT 5
A man, his wife and 3 young children live on an isolated and nearly self–sufficient farm (that is they
produce most of their own food and are served by few public utilities). A river runs through the
farm. Cattle and other farm animals drink from the river, and the children swim in it. The farmer
grows soybeans on half of his land as a cash crop. He has a crop duster spray pesticide from an
airplane onto his soybeans twice each summer. The other half of the farmer's land is used for pasture
or to grow hay for his animals.
Write a paper the addresses the following in detail:
1. Describe all the possible ways (exposure pathways) the farmer and his family might be exposed
to the pesticide
Exposure pathways ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These particles have a massively extensive surface zone in degree to a given volume. It has been
enlisted that one cubic inch of colloidal mud may have 200–500 square feet of iota surface zone.
Adsorption happens accordingly of an interest between the designed and soil particles. A pesticide
that adsorbs to soil particles is more negative to move from the application site than a designed that
does not adsorb unfalteringly to the earth (Fishel,F.M, 2014).
Persistence
Consistency is the point of confinement of a pesticide to stay present and component in its intriguing
structure in the midst of a made period before degrading. A substance's unfaltering quality is
portrayed regarding its half–life, which is a nearby measure of the time required for the compound
to corrupt. The more drawn out a pesticide's half–life, the more resourcefulness the pesticide.
Enthusiastic pesticide stores are here and there charming as in light of the fact that they give whole
deal bug control and diminishing the essential for the nonstop applications (Fishel,F.M,

Article Critique On Carbohydrate And Protein During Training
Article Critiques
Assignment Six
Hall, A. H., Leveritt, M. D., Ahuja, K. D., & Shing, C. M. (2013). Coingestion of carbohydrate and
protein during training reduces training stress and enhances subsequent exercise performance.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(6), 597–604.
Despite extensive research on the benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion improving endurance
performance, there are still a lot of questions in the literature about whether or not the simultaneous
ingestion of CHO and protein is advantageous compared to other methods in enhancing
performance (Hall et al., 2013). According to Hall and colleagues (2013), there have been an
number of studies that have shown potentially performance enhancing benefits of co–ingestion of
protein and CHO such as enhanced glycogen synthesis post–exercise, decreased muscle soreness,
muscle damage, positive net protein balance, and even modest performance benefits (Hall et al.,
2013).
Purpose. Hall and colleagues (2013) looked to determine the potential impact of protein and CHO
co–ingestion has compared to 'isoenergetic CHO beverage during exercise'. Specifically, Hall and
colleagues (2013) wanted to explore the impact that consumption of such a beverage would have on
cycling performance after a four hour rest period. Also, the impact that consumption would have on
blood plasma markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness, as well as insulin and glucose levels
(Hall et al., 2013).
Methods. A modest sample

Cat Feces Essay
Cat feces is categorized as a teratogen because it is directly linked to an infection called Toxoplasma
gondii, or toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite that replicates in the host's
intestines and then shed into the feces. Felines, including domesticated cats, are hosts for
toxoplasmosis (Many & Koren, 2006). While most mammals and birds are also hosts for
toxoplasma gondii, felines are the only animals that pass the infection through their feces (Elmore et
al., 2010). Thus, while humans can become infected with toxoplasmosis in numerous ways, one
potential method is through the ingestion of cat feces. Regarding pregnancy, this infection can have
devastating effects on a fetus, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy (Dunn et al., 1999).
As mentioned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Per the CDC, a pregnant woman does not have to get rid of her cat to prevent infection
(Toxoplasmosis Frequently Asked Questions FAQs, 2013). However, it is necessary to take
precautions to minimize the risk of exposure and potential infection. Safety precautions include
keeping a clean litter box by changing it daily. More importantly, if pregnant, it is best to avoid
cleaning the litter box at all. If no one else is available to do so, the CDC recommends wearing
disposable gloves and proper hand washing immediately after. Another important step is to prevent
cats from becoming infected by keeping them indoors; avoiding stray cats, kittens, and new cats;
and not feeding pet cats raw or undercooked meat. Additionally, if a cat is infected with
toxoplasmosis, it can only spread the infection for a few weeks after being infected by the parasite,
after which the shedding into the feces will subside on its own. Therefore, it is not necessary to have
a cat tested or treated for toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasmosis Frequently Asked Questions FAQs,

Nitrate-Nitrite
The nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway can have beneficial health effects. Dietary nitrate has been shown to
improve the mitochondrial functioning as it affects proteins involved in uncoupling contributing to
an increase performance in exercise. The pathway begins through consumption of dietary nitrates
that are converted to nitrites by bacteria in the oral cavity. The reduction of nitrates to nitrites may
affect hemoglobin. Excess nitrites added to deoxygenated hemoglobin will oxidize to form
methemoglobin and nitric oxide (Gladwin & Kim–Shapiro,
2008). This formation can hinder oxygen transport and is the common cause for concern in nitrite
toxicity. Formation of nitric oxide allows for its use and reuse in cellular activities and may carry out
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The body must go through chemical processes for healthy cellular function and homeostasis. Human
beings not only consume dietary nitrates but, the body also synthesizes nitrates endogenously. This
arises from the oxidation of nitrogen oxide and its end products. The synthesis of nitrates to nitrites
occurs endogenously and exogenously in the body. Consumption of inorganic nitrates and nitrites
will undergo reductive processes for the body's use and elimination. Nitrates and Nitrites both
contain nitrogen in its chemical structure. Nitrogen, in of itself, is often conserved to be reused by
the body's cells. Inorganic nitrates and nitrates that are consumed must be equally eliminated. The
metabolism of nitrates and nitrites ultimately result in its elimination through salivary excretion or
urination. Ingestion of inorganic nitrates will first undergo reductive activity in the oral cavity
through the bacteria present on the tongue. The metabolism continues until nitrites are converted to
nitric oxide where it enters the circulatory system and distributed to different target tissues. The
concentration of nitrites in the salivary glands account for 25% of total dietary intake of nitrates
(Gehle, 2007). The remaining concentration of nitrites are distributed in circulation and eventually
eliminated through the urine. Each route of elimination helps to rid the body of potentially toxic

Reaction Paper On Salicylates
Salicylates are nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory agents that are widely used as antipyretic, analgesics,
and anti–inflammatory products. Variety of prescriptions and over–the–counter preparations contain
salicylates, therefore chronic dosing which can cause toxicity is a common emergency problem.
Salicylates are weak acids and well absorbed from the stomach and small intestine. Peak plasma
salicylate levels occur in 15 to 20 minutes after ingestion of therapeutic doses, whereas with
overdose peak serum salicylate concentrations are delayed and achieved after 4 to 6 hours due to
bezoar formation and pylorospasm. Also, taking extended–release, enteric–coated preparations delay
absorption and peak concentrations. Approximately, 80 to 90 percent of salicylate is protein–bound,
mainly albumin, and distributed throughout body tissues. In the case of overdose, however, patient
will experience an increase in the free fraction of salicylate in the plasma and the amount of drug
reaching the tissues will be enhanced due to the saturation of protein–binding sites. At physiologic
pH, which is 7.40, most salicylate molecules are ionized and if the pH is 3, 50% of the drug will be
nonionized. A decrease in the systemic pH produce more nonionized lipophilic molecules that can
cross cellular membranes, including the blood–brain barrier and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Absorption and distribution of these drugs are altered with increasing the dose. High doses of
salicylates also affect the drug hepatic and renal elimination. The clinical There are different
methods to detect toxicity, such as monitoring plasma salicylates concentration, Done nomogram,
serum creatinine concentration. The management of this condition consist of maintaining supporting
vital signs and organ function. Administering supplemental oxygen and volume resuscitate, and
multiple doses of activated charcoal are treatment methods for this

The Negative Effects Of Glycogen Repletion And Performance
Introduction
An important goal in the post–exercise recovery period is to provide the body with appropriate
substrates in sufficient quantities to achieve optimal repletion, adaptation, and subsequent
performance. Three processes during the limited recovery period are known to be nutritionally
enhanced: glycogen repletion–requiring carbohydrates, muscle protein synthesis–requiring protein,
and rehydration–requiring fluid and electrolytes. Yet, athletes of a full spectrum of competitive
levels and sports throughout the world are known to consume alcohol in the post–exercise period.
Alcohol is a non–essential nutrient, a source of energy (7kcal/g), and the most commonly used
recreational drug worldwide with potentially ergolytic effects ... Show more content on
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To elucidate the effect of alcohol on glycogen repletion, Peters et al. (1996) demonstrated that intra–
peritoneal administration of alcohol in 8 adult male rats interfered with glycogen storage in
oxidative but not in non–oxidative fibers during 30 minutes of recovery from fasted high–intensity,
short–duration exercise. Compared to saline–treated rats, the statistically significant (p < 0.05)
alcohol–mediated reduction in glycogen repletion was observed in oxidative fibers as a 22%
reduction in the tibialis anterior and a 33% reduction in the red gastrocnemius muscles, yet no
reduction was observed in the non–oxidative fibers of the white gastrocnemius. Thus, alcohol is
fiber–specific in its post–exercise disruption of glycogen repletion.
Forcing rats to swim with a lead weight attached to their tails after 24 hours of starvation, followed
by intra–peritoneal injection of 50% aqueous ethanol (Peters et al., 1996), may not reflect real world
exercise and alcohol consumption in humans. Thus, Burke et al. (2003) designed a human model to
study the effects of alcohol on glycogen synthesis with greater relevance to human athletes.
Burke et al. (2003), recruited well–trained cyclists to undergo glycogen–depleting exercise followed
by three different diets: a high carbohydrate diet, an isoenergetic alcohol–displacement diet, and a
high carbohydrate plus alcohol diet. Post–exercise binge–drinking (1.5g/kg alcohol as

Ethylene Glycol And Potential Exposure Sources
Ethylene glycol ( CAS # 107–21–1), also known as monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2–ethanediol, 2–
hydroxyethanol, dihydroxyethanol, glycol, glycol alcohol, and ethylene alcohol , is a toxic,
colorless, odorless, sweet, and viscous liquid (NLM, 2012). It is a member of the glycol family, a
group of simple organic chemicals characterized by two hydroxyl (–OH) groups at adjacent
positions on a hydrocarbon chain (WHO, 2002). This unique chemical arrangement contributes to:
high solubility in water, lower aliphatic alcohols, glycerol, acetic acid, acetone and similar ketones,
aldehydes, pyridine, and similar coal tar bases and high hygroscopicity (NLM, 2012).. Ethylene
glycol has a high boiling point, low freezing point, low corrosive activity and is relatively non–
volatile (NLM, 2012).
Uses of ethylene glycol and Potential Exposure Sources
Ethylene glycol is used: in the production of polyester fibers, PET resins, alkyd, unsaturated
polyester, safety explosives, glyoxal, cosmetics and synthetic waxes ; as a chemical intermediate
(NIOSH, 1995); as a component of automotive antifreeze, coolants, and hydraulic fluids (ATSDR,
2007a); as a de–icing agent; as a heat transfer fluid in heating and cooling systems and solar energy
systems (ATSDR, 2007a); as an industrial humectant (NIOSH, 1995); as a solvent in ink, stains,
pesticides, fire extinguishers, foams, polishes, adhesives, and electrolytic condensers (ATSDR,
2007a); as a desiccant to remove water from natural gas; as a

Caffeine Research Paper
Sports and Exercise Physiology Related with Caffeine various studies have looked into the impact
of caffeine ingestion on activity execution. The vast majority of them for the most part infer that
caffeine utilization before working out appears to broaden continuance execution amid tolerably
strenuous vigorous activity. The principle proposed instrument for this change is the expanded
utilization of fat as fuel. On the other hand, there is by all accounts advantage errors between
constant caffeine clients and non–chronic clients. When a certain level of resistance is come to, the
ergogenic impact of caffeine may be lessened (Roberts,2003).
Another regularly reported advantage of caffeine ingestion preceding activity is a diminished feeling
of general effort, which may prompt enhanced delight in activity. Nonetheless, since caffeine is
regularly utilized as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the body, caffeine goes after receptors with a compound called adenosine, obstructing from being
taken by cells. This basically traps your body into feeling more vigorous than it really is. since
adenosine is one of the primary ways the body flags that it's smoldered through a great deal of
vitality. Notwithstanding making you feel more enthusiastic, caffeine conveys genuine vitality to the
body by actuating the arrival of fat stores to be smoldered for fuel. This decreases the span of your
extra layers and – in light of the fact that your body is smoldering fat first – it really spares your
muscle glycogen for some other time, permitting you to prepare longer. These two reasons are likely
why the prepared cyclists who were subjects in a stud) distributed in the diary Prescription &
Science in Games & Activity had the capacity cycle altogether more in the wake of eating a vitality
bar that contained 45 grams of carbs and 100 milligrams of caffeine than when they had a bar with
45 g of carbs and no caff (Brown,

Poisoning by Ingestion of Corrosive Chemicals
Introduction: Acute corrosive poisonings are caused by ingestion of corrosive chemicals which are
most commonly used as household agents. Intoxications with these kind of agents produce
numerous and severe post–corrosive complications of the upper gastrointestinal tract. On the other
hand, our experience showed that corrosive agents may also cause injuries of the respiratory system,
which makes the treatment very hard and additionally complicates the severe clinical condition of
the patient.
Objective: The aim of the study is to show the incidence of respiratory complications in acute
corrosive poisonings, the need of various clinical investigations and also the treatment and final
outcome of these kind of poisoning.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical records of 415 patients hospitalized and treated at the
University clinic for toxicology and urgent internal medicine, in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, in
the period between 2007 and 2011. The protocol consisted of methods for analyzing the systemic
complications, with an accent on the post–corrosive respiratory complications.
Results: From the total number of patients even 98 (23.61%) exhibited systemic complications, from
which 51 (52.04%) are respiratory complications. The majority of patients are female (n=40,
78.43%) and the most common complication is pneumonia (n=47). The youngest patient in this
study was 14 and the oldest was 87 years old.
Conclusion: Besides the gastrointestinal complications in the

Pesticides : Pesticides And Pesticides
The use of pesticides have been dated back to over 4,500 years ago, when the Sumerians used
sulphur compounds to protect crops from mites and insects (1). The use of pesticides are abundant in
the United States and globally. The United States accounted for over one billion pounds of pesticide
use in both 2000 and 2001, with over five billions pounds used worldwide in each year (2). The
United States accounted for approximately 23% of the global use of pesticides. Pesticides have long
been used and will continue to be used. There are strict regulations that govern the creation,
reformulation, sell, and use of pesticides. Even with these strict standards, there have been pesticides
authorized on used that cause adverse effects to health and/or the environment. These adverse
effects have been discovered through varies methods such as toxicological profiles, exposures
assessments, epidemiological studies, etc. In this scenario we know the source of the environmental
contaminant is the pesticide used exclusively in the surrounding fields. The first thing I would like
to know is more about the pesticide in question. Is this pesticide persistent leading to
bioaccumulation? This is important because it can help lead to a greater understanding of exposure
to the individuals in the community. With this information, mitigation methods can be discovered
and utilized to eliminate or limit potential exposure. Given that this is a rural community, it can be
assumed that many

The Negative and Positive Benefits of Fluoride
The ingestion of fluoride has been associated to benefits for the teeth. According to some observers
in the past, fluoride strengthens the enamel of the teeth making it not so susceptible to cavities.
From this hypothesis the fluoridation of water had its start and until today it is believed to be one of
the most responsible sources for reducing cavities in the population (Graham & Morin, 1999). In
some author's view the fluoridation of the water implies a significant change and the positive effects
can been seen in the so–called post–fluoride generation. In this generation the number of adults
without any teeth has dramatically declined and similar improvements can be observed in the
periodontal health − related to gums and supporting structures of teeth − (Milgrom & Reisine,
2000). However the lack of consideration of fluoride's potential to be harmful to human's health is
questionable and studies have pointed out the dark side of this compound (Bryson, 2006). A study
conducted in the cities of Newburgh and Kingston, in New York have shown that the prevalence of
cavities in the population is similar or even less in communities that doesn't have artificial
fluoridated water compared to the ones that have fluoride add to the water. This study conducted
forty years ago is one considerable evidence that fluoridating the water isn't strongly necessary
nowadays to prevent tooth decay, considering that the access to fluoridated products, such as
toothpaste, mouthwash and

Mdx Research Paper
CHRONIC MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY (MDX): Toxicity can range from asymptomatic
ALT elevation to malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and hepatotoxicity.
CHRONIC SEVERE TOXICITY (MDX): Jaundice, hypoglycemia, coagulopathy, renal failure,
fulminant hepatic failure and encephalopathy.
Presentation following chronic acetaminophen overdose typically includes 4 phases (MDX):
(1) Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, malaise and diaphoresis;
(2) First phase signs resolve, replaced by right upper quadrant pain, liver enlargement, oliguria in
some patients, elevated bilirubin and hepatic enzyme levels, and prolonged prothrombin time;
(3) About 3 to 5 days into the course, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and malaise reappear along with
signs of hepatic failure (jaundice, hypoglycemia, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy) and
sometimes, renal failure and cardiomyopathy;
(4) Either recovery or progression to death due to liver failure finally occurs; ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Management of Toxicity/Overdose [Monitor vital signs and mental status in all patients]
Acute Tylenol overdose (MDX):
– Patients who present "early" (within 8 hours of ingestion) only require a serum acetaminophen
determination. In those patients who require acetylcysteine treatment, liver enzymes, serum
electrolytes, and renal function should be monitored.
– Patients who present with an unknown time of ingestion or more than 8 hours after an ingestion
should have a serum acetaminophen determination, electrolytes, renal function tests, liver enzymes
and an

Caffeinated Energy Drinks
The several research on articles have been done to study the effects of ingestion of caffeinated
energy drink before, during or after exercise to determine its outcome on the performance of the
athletes. All the articles showed a positive association between caffeinated energy drink and
strength. The ingestion of caffeine 3–6mg per body weight proved to enhance the strength of players
and improved their performance. The athletes should not intake more than 6mg per body weight as it
can lead to various side effects and adversely affect the body and also consumption of caffeine less
than 3mg per kilogram showed no effect on the body. Although, the caffeinated energy drink proved
to enhance the strength but the mechanism of the strength improvement

Cannibalism, The Act Of Ingestion Of Human Flesh By Humans
Cannibalism, or anthropophagy, is the act of ingestion of human flesh by humans. the idea of people
eating other parts of other people is something that wherever and whenever humans have conformed
to their environment and had formed societies. Cannibalism isn't fake, you may see it in books, on
television shows and movies but the fact is that you can see this concept or this way of life
throughout history. The concept of cannibalism, its ethical encumbrances, and its cultural expression
in history and myth are unquestionably universal. To be human is to think about the possibility of
cannibalism. Anthropophagy is hard–wired into the architecture of human imagination. This human
imagination is usually conceptualized through common folklore and common stories and the
cannibalistic image is expressed by Cannibal giants, ogres, bogies, and goblins. The idea of
cannibalism may strike people as something that would rarely happen and you don't see it today but
the truth is that this barbaric ideology was rampant throughout the world through many eras of
history. It could state in your history textbook that You can see cannibalism in societies in tribes and
in many other places of the world in the past but you can even see it today, but there is a very small
amount of places throughout the world you can see this unruly act.
Cannibalism isn't just eating ones flesh out of having sustenance but throughout history you can see
cannibalistic acts could have certain motifs and different

Essay On Cannabis In Canada
Background and Rationale
Canada currently allows for the cultivation of the cannabis for seed, grain and fibre production
under licences issued by Health Canada.1 Cannabis was first banned in Canada in 1923, with
regulated medical cannabis becoming legal in 2001.1 On July 1, 2018, the Canadian Federal
government will pass Bill C–45, to legalize recreational marijuana use, effectively ending the
prohibition on marijuana.5 Cannabis contains trahydrocannabinol (THC), one of at least 113
cannabinoids identified in cannabis and is the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis.2 A
WHO report stated that "cannabis is used by a significant proportion of Canadians, with youth and
young adult use being higher than that among adults 25 years and older, and use being higher among
males than females".4 In anticipation of Bill C–45, the Ontario provincial government has set out
some rules to address the issue of cannabis use amongst youth and to reduce and prevent harms
associated with the drug.4,5 The Ontario government is using the same approach it is using for
tobacco and alcohol. You will need to be 19 and older to buy, use, possess and ... Show more content
There are many differences in the specific way that the user responds after consuming these
products containing cannabis extracts, including the delayed onset of drug effect with ingestion.3
Ingesting cannabis through edible food products may lead to consuming a greater amount of THC
than

Diabetes Annotated Bibliography
1. Annotated Bibliography Entry:
Diabetes Education: Art, Science and Evidence (1). (2012). Hoboken, GB: Wiley–Blackwell.
Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com
The purpose for this source is teach diabetics how to prevent acute and long term complications and
to improve quality of life and avoid premature diabetes associated with death. In this source the
topic of how to live with diabetes, the advance of health information on diabetes and Medicine and
self–management of diabetes.
Successful diabetes management relies on successful patient engagement as well as medical
treatment, and regular assessment of education needs is as important as medical care. I found this
information in the online library. This source is considered to be an informational ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The response to each carbohydrate was quantified when the respective carbohydrate was given
alone in a drink or when given in combination with protein and fat in a test meal. The data
demonstrate that (1) fructose ingestion resulted in significantly lower serum glucose and insulin
responses than did sucrose or dextrose ingestion in all study groups, either when given alone or in
the test meal; (2) although fructose ingestion always led to the least glycemic response compared
with the other hexoses, the serum glucose response to fructose was increased the more glucose
intolerant the subject; (3) urinary glucose excretion during the 3 h after carbohydrate ingestion was
greatest after dextrose and least after fructose in all groups. In conclusion, fructose ingestion results
in markedly lower serum glucose and insulin responses and less glycosuria than either dextrose or
sucrose, both when given alone or as a constituent in a test

Fluid Ingestion Experiment
Subjects performed an experiment to investigate the effects of fluid ingestion on kidney function, in
which they measured with the kidney output. Before beginning the experiment, each subject was to
take a sample collection and that was Sample 1. Once returned to class, the subjects recorded the
time of urination and began to do the investigation. In order to begin the investigation, subjects
drank one of the four fluids, and measured the effect it had on the urine output. The four fluids were
bottled water, Gatorade, salt water, and black coffee. While preparing for the experiment, the
contents of each of the solutions was investigated and written down to test what the solution could
do to the balances in the body. Subjects figured out the

Ingestion Case Study
ASBESTOS is used to illustrate the secondary assessment of a poisoned patient. The primary
assessment performed at the emergency department shows no symptoms after 60 minutes of
ingestion of several pellets of rat poison. Strychnine can be ruled out as a possible agent as ingestion
by mouth is fatal in humans. Strychnine ca be ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the eyes or
mouth. Within ten to twenty minutes of ingestion humans will start to have spasms of the muscle
starting from the head and neck and spreading to all over the body. Convulsion occur and they
increase in intensity with the slight touch and the convulsions will lead to muscle break down,
increased acidosis in the body, and temperature starts rising. Death usually occurs within 2–3 hrs of
exposure either from muscle fatigue due to the convulsions or the nerves that control breathing does
not function and patient dies from asphyxiation./ ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(http://allnurses.com/nursing–patient–medications/warfarin–coumadin–toxicity–762285.html)
symptoms of poisoning are not present immediately and might take 2–14 days depending on the
dose. Anticoagulants inhibit the enzyme that allows the Vitamin K to make blood clotting agents.
Blood clotting agents prevent the body from excess bleeding. The reason why the symptoms are not
immediate is because the human body stores an extra supply of Vitamin K. Once the supply is used
up, internal bleeding starts to occur. (Warfarin is considered as a multiple–dose anticoagulant. The
antidote is Vitamin K and monito INR/PT until it comes down to the normal level. CBC also needs
to be monitored for anemia and any signs of any

Skipper's Effects On The Crew
The effects on the crew from water or food–borne harmful agents are typically more evident to the
Skipper's observations. In many cases, these symptoms are a post–exposure effect that may have
occurred several days ago. As a result, this may prove to be difficult to investigate if the illness is a
result of items transferred on board the vessel and consumed. Gastral related illnesses require an
incubation period until the organism's toxicity is felt by the casualty. Domestic water related sick
boat syndrome can be mild in its effects and persist over a long period of time. These mild effects
may include diarrhea, bloating, and intestinal cramps. These are frequently observed symptoms
associated with gastro–related sick boat syndrome.

What Is The Impact Of Foraging Mode A Snake
This essay is about the impacts of foraging mode on the morphology, physiology and ecology of
snakes. But before exploring the impacts, need to understand how or why snakes select particular
habitats, be it a desert, grassland, rainforest, aquatic, etc. whether active during the day or night is
also important. The reason is foraging mode (food that an animal eat and the way it obtains it) is
central to their ecology.
It is important to note that snakes have undergone adaptive measures since their origin. They have
diversified into large number of species occupying large ecological habitat. The driving and limiting
factors of this selection have to be highlighted. Examples physical limiting factors include
temperature, pH, salinity, etc. that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The consumption of a large meal consisting of a single prey is efficient in terms of energy utilization
however, the extra mass impact on locomotion in snakes and again making it hard to evade
predators. The size and sex of a snake plays a role and the preferred number or size of prey they can

Case Study Of Euphorbia
An unusual case of Euphorbia.tirucalli sap poisoning
ABSTRACT: Euphorbia .tirucalli sap is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa .on accidental
exposure it causes vesication in the skin and inflammation involving eye sight in the eyes. On oral
ingestion, it acts as an irritant, causing vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions and coma. It is used as a
local irritant application for procuring criminal abortion, but rarely for homicidal and suicidal
purposes.
We came across a case of oral consumption of sap of Euphorbia .tirucalli for suicidal purpose.
Patient responded to supportive treatment and recovered over a week without any sequalae. This
case highlights the fact that, even though Euphorbia .tirucalli sap poisoning is very rare, these
patients ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Euphorbia tirucalli (E.tirucalli) is also known as Indian Tree Sponge, Milk Hedge, Fire stick Plant,
Pencil tree (2).
Euphorbium is an acrid milky juice exuded from stems of various euphorbius plants belonging to
Euphorbiaceae. The toxic part is latex. Toxins differ based on species (1).The latex of E.trucalli
contains poly cyclic diterpene esters (3).
The latex on oral ingestion acts as an irritant causing vomiting, diarrhea, burning sensation in the
abdomen, convulsion and coma. Irritant toxins indirectly stimulate contraction of the gastrointestinal
smooth muscles by mechanical irritation. Skin exposure produces an irritant dermatitis and ocular
exposure causes an irritant keratoconjuctivitis. Our patient had gastro intestinal symptoms
(vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain).Management includes symptomatic and supportive care
(1). In Europe veterinary practitioner used this sap as vesicant. One to four drops of the juice is used
as a purge. Twig of the plant is used as a local irritant for procuring criminal abortion

The Role Of Protein And Carbohydrate Utilisation During...
Introduction
Post–exercise nutrition, especially protein, plays an important role of the training regimen amongst
athletic population. Post–exercise nutrition is used to improve performance and enhance the body's
recovery process following exercise. This review will focus on the role of protein and carbohydrate
utilisation post–exercise and there effects on protein synthesis. Anabolic and catabolic processes are
controlled by the neuroendocrine system in response to training. Resistance training produces a
catabolic state, in which the muscle proteins are broken down. During recovery an anabolic state
predominately takes over leading to muscle repair and growth (Plowman & Smith, 2014). The
macronutrient protein has grasped attention during the recovery phase of exercise. Protein plays
multiple important roles throughout the entire body, regulating every chemical reaction and used in
the structural tissue within the human body (Brown, Miller & Eason, 2006). Supplementary protein
offers three main common types of complete protein; whey, casein and egg. These complete proteins
differ in the role of recovery post exercise (Campbell & Spano, 2011). The macronutrients protein
and carbohydrates have their own functions within the body but work together to generate an
anabolic state within the body when ingested post–exercise (Poole, Wilborn, Taylor & Kerksick,
2010).
Protein and Carbohydrates
The main function of protein is a regulator, including the actions of some hormones,

The Effect Of Water Ingestion Improved Haemodynamic...
4. Discussion
Previous studies found that water ingestion improved haemodynamic responses to gravitational
stress serving as therapeutic relief against hypotension that can be debilitating for most patients. We
hypothesized due to the fact that vitamin water is hypotonic in nature like water then it is likely to
illicit the OPR to fuel inadequate sympathetic drive and help with symptoms like dizziness upon
standing. However the effect of 500ml of water and vitamin water from the current study did not
entirely agree with the effect of water seen in patients with baroreflex dysfunction or autonomic
failure patients from previous investigations. 500ml of vitamin water had consistently shown a lack
of significant difference in blood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our results showed a significant difference between 50 ml and 500ml of vitamin water at baseline
level in the normal order (n=10) of consumption. The crossover also gave a significantly different
systolic reading (n=8) between 50ml and 500ml of water. This suggests that the average basal
haemodynamic state for the pooled data was different for different experimental runs highlighting
haemodynamic variability.
4.1 Vitamin water composition
Dragonfruit Vitamin water contains predominately 160mg of vitamin C per 500ml as the main
ingredient. There is evidence to show the benefit of vitamin C as adjuvant therapy for the treatment
of hypertension. Doses of vitamin C supplements ranging between 60–400mg were shown to have a
useful role in lowering blood pressure (both SBP and DBP). The corresponding averages of SBP and
DBP were declining after the ingestion of 50ml of vitamin water amongst 10 participants in our
pooled data (SBP: –1.40±2.35mmHg, DBP: –0.10±3.85mmHg). Likewise the same decrease in SBP
was evident with 50ml of water, which gave a decrease by 0.90±4.17mmHg. It may be possible that
vitamin C content negated the OPR. Blood pressure changes are sensitive to ascorbic acid levels
until a certain threshold; the effect of vitamin C was lowered in trials where the population had
already taken supplements due to renal

Digestive System Vs Urinary System
In exploring module 5, much information was able to be learned about the structure, function, and
age associated changes or dysfunctions of both the digestive system and the urinary system of the
human body. Although through the exploration of this module, I have learned that the digestive
system and the urinary system are comprised of their own distinct features and functions, I would
say the most significant knowledge I have gained from module 5 would be that of the digestive
system. More specically, the most significant knowledge that was gained of the digestive system
itself, was that of the actual digestive processes. The process of digestion is a complex series of
activities including ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, ... Show more content
Ingestion is the act of food actually entering the alimentary canal through the mouth, where said
food is chewed and mixed with saliva from the glands in our mouth. The act of chewing and mixing
the food with saliva initiates the digestion process, breaking down some carbohydrate with some
lipids and enables the food to be formed into a bolus so this food can be swallowed. After this first
process, the second process of propulsion takes place, which is accomplished be the act of
swallowing the food itself and the act of peristalsis. Peristalsis moves food through the esophagus to
the stomach via alternating waves of muscle contractions in the esophagus, where once the food has
made its way to the stomach by the process of propulsion the next process of mechanical occurs in
the stomach. Although yes, the act of chewing the food in the mouth is a form of mechanical
digestion, mechanical digestion also occurs in the stomach where the food is churned in order to be
broken down even further and also occurs in the small intestines where muscles continue to further
break down the food into smaller pieces. As for chemical digestion, it has previously been
mentioned that this process initiates in the mouth via the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes in
the

Clostridium Perfringens
Name: Mirna Gordillo
Causative Agent #1: Clostridium perfringens
Disease #1: food poisoning/ Gastroenteritis
Classification of the causative agent:
C.perfringens is a large obligate anaerobic, gram–positive, endospore–forming, and motile rod–
shaped.
History:
Clostridium is one of the most common food poisoning in the USA. Also it used the less time for
regeneration or multiplication of endospores.
Virulence factors of the causative agent:
Strains of C.perfringens form enterotoxins that induce infection in the host cell.
Mode of transmission
During slaughter of animals (cattle or chicken) the meat can be contaminated by C. perfringens
bacteria with the animal's intestinal content or even worse by their feces, therefore; meat has to be
cooked properly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
History:
A wound became anaerobic because there is blood supply interruption this is a condition called
ischemia. After ischemia tissue dye and that condition is called necrosis after this dead tissue
produce no more blood supply and this can be a lethal condition called Gas Gangrene.
Virulence factors of the causative agent:
C. perfringens can growth in the death cells providing nutrients for sporulation. Because
C.perfringens is anaerobe it ferment carbohydrates in the dead cells and produce carbon dioxide and
hydrogen. This is an exotoxin bacteria and can intoxicate muscle tissue until invade the bloodstream
causing dead.
Mode of transmission
C.perfrringens can be found in soil, animals feces, and can be active in wound or intestinal human
tract. When spores are inoculated or through the airborne of spores introduce in deep wound; more

necrosis is caused and gas production on dead tissue. Gas can cause swelling and amputation of the
body part infected.
Incubation Period of the

A Low Concentration Source For Improved Performance During...
Introduction Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse is defined as the rinsing of a CHO fluid around the
mouth for a specified time followed by spitting the fluid out. There is to be no swallowing or
ingestion of the CHO fluid. The utilization of a low concentration source (typically around 6%
glucose) or maltodextrin is the most common CHO used (Silva et al, 2014). CHO mouth rinse has
been investigated as a potential ergogenic resource for improved performance during moderate– to
high–intensity exercises (~75% VO2max, ~1 h duration) (Carter et al., 2004). CHO ingestion has
often demonstrated improved performance during high intensity exercise bouts and prompted the
though process that a CHO rinse of fluids could establish the same response. This response was
beneficial because it was not accompanied by the oxidation of the CHO (Jeukendrup et al, 1997).
Together these results indicated that an oral CHO rinse may exert its effects during high–intensity
exercise through a central action mediated by receptors in the mouth or GI tract, improving motor
drive or motivation (Silva et al, 2014). The benefit of the rinse vs. the ingestion during high intensity
exercise is the reduction of incidence of gastrointestinal problems and the CHO rinse might be an
alternative strategy to reduce debilitating incidence of GI issues. Studies have reported that CHO
mouth rinse can improve performance cycling, running, and other high intensity bouts. The
mechanism by which CHO mouth rinse

Ethylene Glycol Toxicity In Cats
All animals are susceptible to ethylene glycol toxicity, but it is most common in dogs and cats. Most
intoxication is associated with ingestion of antifreeze, which is typically 95% ethylene glycol. Cats
are susceptible to ethylene glycol toxicity with a minimum toxic dose of just 1.4 ml/kg. Exposure
occurs when cats drink the toxin which has a sweet taste or when anti–freeze is added to water
sources or their coats/feet are contaminated with the chemical. Some of the initial clinical signs or
symptoms will begin in less than 12 hours post intoxication and are gastrointestinal such as
vomiting and neurological such as ataxia, depression, and a drunken appearance representing
intoxication. Within the first 12 to 24 hours after ethylene glycol

Sodium Phosphate: Causes And Symptoms Of Ingestion
Sodium phosphate: Causes slight irritation if inhaled, ingested, or exposed to the skin or eyes. If the
compound is inhaled, breathe in fresh air; further medical attention may be necessary if symptoms
are more severe. Ingestion will not likely have serious symptoms, but if such symptoms do develop,
seek further medical attention. If the compound comes in contact with skin, wash with soap and
water, and if it comes in contact with eyes immediately wash eyes with water for 15 minutes.1
Sodium nitrate: Causes slight irritation if inhaled, ingested, or exposed to the skin or eyes. If the
compound is inhaled, breathe in fresh air; further medical attention may be necessary if symptoms
are more severe. Ingestion will not likely have serious symptoms, but if such symptoms do develop,
seek further medical attention. If the compound comes in contact with skin, wash with soap and
water, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the compound is inhaled, breathe in fresh air; further medical attention may be necessary if
symptoms are more severe. Ingestion will not likely have serious symptoms, but if such symptoms
do develop, seek further medical attention. If the compound comes in contact with skin, wash with
soap and water, and if it comes in contact with eyes immediately wash eyes with water for 15
minutes. Potassium chloride may be toxic to blood with prolonged exposure.3
Sodium sulfate: Causes moderate irritation if inhaled, ingested, or exposed to the skin or eyes. If
inhaled, causes nose and throat irritation and may be harmful. If ingested, can cause vomiting; call
poison control and seek further medical attention. If exposed to skin, causes irritation and may be
harmful depending on tolerance. Wash the affected area with soap and water and seek medical
attention. Exposure to eyes causes pain and redness, and may cause vision loss. Flush eyes for 15
minutes with water and seek medical

Bio 315 Assment 1 Essay
Bio 315
Assignment one: Introduction
http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html
1. Compare and contrast Chagas disease and cysticercosis.
Chagas disease cysticercosis Parasite (Worm or protozoan) protozoan worm
Effects on human host
Fever, swelling around initial infection site, parasites in blood, sometimes asymptomatic, rarely
debilitating or life threatening problems can occur.
Formation of larval cysts can occur in the muscles, eyes, brain, and/or spinal cord. Cysts in these
areas can lead to other side affects.
How parasite is transmitted.
Contact with insect feces and through the blood. Maybe through ingestion.
Ingestion.
2. True or false Correct the false questions. You are not allowed to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ingestion
Foodborne, animal–to–human, congenital
Sexually
5. What species is the intended host for the Baylisascaris nematode and what symptoms does it
cause in this host? http://animal.discovery.com/tv–shows/monsters–inside–me/videos/baylisascaris–
aka–raccoon–roundworm.htm http://animal.discovery.com/tv–shows/monsters–inside–
me/videos/the–brain–eating–parasite.htm
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/baylisascariasis.pdf
Raccoons. It causes brain and tissue damage. Very deadly. As the parasites eat this material.
6. Which individuals are most at risk of infection by this nematode and why?
Small birds and mammals because they forage for seeds. A tiny amount of the parasite needs to be

ingest to begin causing problems and it can be found in raccoon feces.
7. The Monsters inside of me video clip makes the same assertion as the CDC website with regard to
spread of Toxoplasmosis. They both regard cat fecal ingestion as being the main way the parasite is
transmitted to humans. The website you just visited however disagrees. What route does it assert as
being the major transmission route? Does it offer any supporting evidence?

Flame Test Lab Report
Flame Test Lab
Questions:
1. What color of light is the lowest in energy?
According to our physics class last year, the color with the lowest energy is red because it has the
lowest frequency and the longest wavelength out of all colors.
We can conclude that calcium chloride has the lowest energy.
2. What color of light is the highest in energy?
Violet has the highest energy because it has the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency
making it the one color with the highest energy.
We can conclude that potassium chloride has the highest energy
3. How are electrons "excited"?
Electrons can get excited by absorbing photons carrying energy. By absorbing a photon an electron's
energy increases by exactly E=hf where h is Planck's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If the victim is not breathing, perform
mouth–to–mouth resuscitation. Seek immediate medical attention.
Variables:
Independent Variable:
My independent variable is the metal ions I am testing
I will change the variables by switching the tested metal ions
Dependent Variable:
My dependent variable here is not a number, it is data recorded
I will measure the dependent variable by observing from my experiment
Controlled Variable:
My controlled Variables are the equipment provided to do this project
I am certain that this is controlled because it was provided same for everyone
Safety

1. Wear safety goggles at ALL times while in the classroom
2. Wear gloves when handling ALL chemicals
3. Tie back hair and loose clothing
4. Do not allow chemicals to touch bare skin, wash well with water immediately if you touch
anything accidentally
5. Use caution with the matches. Fire is hot.
6. Do not stare into the flame for any length of time
7. Use caution with the glassware after creating the flame
8. Wash your hands with soap and water after handling the chemicals
Methods & Materials
Equipment & Reagents
" Nichrome wire loop(s)
" Bunsen burner
" cobalt glass squares
" Concentrated HCl 1M
" Wire

How Does Fluoride Affect Your Body
In this report that I am presenting I will be discussing of what effects fluoride can do to your body
and health. Fluoride has been discussed by some people as being helpful towards your body, while
others considered it a bad thing to you. But this report will prove what kind of helpful uses fluoride
can do to you. This is some of effects that were found on how fluoride affects your body. The first
effect of fluoride ingestion discusses about the benefits of toothpastes. In the article that was found it
mentions how fluoride toothpastes reduces the number of dental caries developing over the span of
3 years by 23% and 24% separately. This means that toothpastes that have traces of fluoride have
the benefits of reducing the appearance of cavities

What Is The Cause And Effect Of Plastic Debris On Seabirds?
Discussions and Findings Discuss the cause and effect of plastic debris on seabirds? Marine
population are vastly being endangered by all sorts of debris including plastic that found their way
into waterways and the ocean. Seabirds have being found with entanglement around their legs and
bills which affect their ability to protect themselves against predators (Ceccarelli, as cited in
Australian Government Department Sustainability environment water population and communities,
2012, p. 3). Also Allen, Jarvis, Sayer and Mills remark plastic entanglement cause by fishing
materials and other circle shape plastics may cause strangulation,, prevent the ability to feed
themselves and even drowning (as cited in sigler, 2014). Plastic debris also crate problem with the
feeding habits of seabirds, as they cannot define plastic from their normal food chain. Derraik
observed that seabird diets has been affected by plastic as seabirds mistake coloured plastic debris
from fish, fish eggs and larvae (as cited in Acampora, schuyler, Townsend & Hardesty, 2014, p. 1).
Although as observed by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9). The effect of plastic ingested by seabirds has a detrimental effect on seabird colony. In around
Australian coastline, statistics record suggest that there are limited plastic debris ingested or
entanglement by seabirds along the western coastline of Western Australia, The Great Australian
Bight, Tasmanian western coastline and the Northern Peninsula of Australia (Ceccarelli, 2009). As
compared to the more populated coastline of Australian. Furthermore statistic from recue
organisations report out of 297 seabirds recued 58.3% survived their encounter with plastic debris,
while 27.3% of seabirds were found to have perished from ingestion or entanglement from plastic
debris (Ceccarelli,

Iti-Itai Byo Minmata Disease
A) Heavy metal: According to the textbook, heavy metal is "a metal that has a high atomic weight
with a specific gravity that exceeds the specific gravity of water by five or more times. There are a
number of different heavy metals and some examples of heavy metal are arsenic, lead, and mercury"
(Friis, 2012, p. 129). Besides, metals come from the earth itself and if we as human beings intake a
lot of these heavy metals then our body will not have a positive reaction towards these metals.
B) "Itai–itai byo": According to the textbook, Itai–itai–byo is "a condition attributed to ingestion of
cadmium and characterized by excruciating pain across the entire body" (Friis, 2012 pg. 138). Itai–
itai–byo is a form of bone brittleness/weakness. An individual who has this disease is in pain further
than you could imagine. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
140). Basically, if you eat fish that is contaminated with methyl mercury then you will be diagnosis
with Minamata disease.
D) Trace metals: According to the textbook, trace metals are "metals that in trace (very small)
amounts are necessary for human nutrition but can be toxic too much is ingested" (Friis, 2012,
glossary). Some examples of trace metals are copper, zinc, manganese, and iron. Once again too
much of these metals can cause a negative effect on your

A Research Study On Bisphenol A ( Bpa )
Christina Tebbe
Introduction
24–hour human urine and serum profiles of bisphenol A: Evidence against sublingual absorption
following ingestion in soup
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Authors: Justin G. Teeguarden, Nathan Twaddle, Mona I. Churchwell, Xiaoxia Yang, Jeffrey W.
Fisher, Liesel M. Seryak, Daniel R. Doerge
Published January 2015
Bisphenol A (BPA), which is a monomer that can be used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate
plastics and certain can liners, and is also found in certain consumer products and food containers
(Chapin et al., 2008). It is currently accepted that BPA is safe as the way it is used, and that the
major intake of BPA is from the diet and there are assessments confirming this with showing no
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main goal of this current study that I choose to examine was to "characterize the serum and
urine concentration time–courses for BPA in humans following controlled oral cavity exposure in a
manner that reflects typical human exposure to BPA in liquids, like soup or beverages." An ordinary
food item was selected since this would account for 90–99% exposure in both adults and children. A
commercial soup product, which is a liquid carrier of BPA, was more appropriate to use instead of a
solid food due to its higher surface area contact and absorption. The soup was exposed to humans by
a normal feeding routine.
Results
The volunteers of this study 1 prior to ingesting BPA were first administered breakfast. They were
then given a commercial tomato soup, which contained a 30 μg/kg bw dosage of deuterium labeled
(d6) BPA (d6–BPA). Blood samples would be drawn right before the soup was ingested as well as
drawn regularly throughout the 24 hour period of study. Urine samples were collected over a

How To Write A Case Study Rodenticide
Case 1: A 2–year–old Caucasian male is brought to the emergency department by his parents after
possible ingestion of several pellets of rat poison 60 minutes ago; he is currently without symptoms
Initial vital signs: o Temperature 96.2º F [normal 95–100.4] o Pulse 118 beats per minute [normal
120] o BP 105/60 mm Hg [normal 102/58] o Respirations 16 breaths per minute [normal 25–30]
[Possible agents to consider: warfarin, bromethalin, strychnine, thallium. sodium
monofluoroacetate] Acronym Used: ASBESTOS The A stands for the Agent: There are several types
of rodenticide available either on the market or used illegally in the United States today. Each type
has its own specific toxidrome. The anticoagulant type of rodenticide such as ... Show more content
The patient has also had only one known exposure to the agent. So far there have been no symptoms
or signs of poisoning since the ingestion. The patients respiratory rate is decreased, but that
symptom alone is not indicative of any particular type of poisoning. The patient's family should be
asked if there were any other symptoms that may have become worse or better with time. The
patient at this time appears stable. Most anticoagulant rodenticide ingestions are uneventful as long
as they are treated quickly. Metal rodenticides like thallium may have a lasting sequalae with lasting
symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy. Other agents such as strychnine may potentially lead to
anxiety and facial grimacing. Some of these ingestions can also be fatal. Patient's outcome will be
dependent on how well the patient responds to

Research Analysis on Chronic Oral Ingestion of L-Carnitine...
(1 pts) What is the title of the article? Chronic Oral ingestion of L–carnitine and carbohydrate
increases muscle carnitine content and alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans 2.
(1 pts) Who are the authors? Benjamin T. Wall, Francis B. Stephens, Dumitru Constantin–Teodosiu,
Kanagaraj Marimuthu, Ian A. Macdonald, Paul L. Greenhaff 3. (1 pts) What journal was the article
published in? The Journal of Physiology 4. (1 pts) In what year was the article published? 2011 5. (2
pts) Based on the introduction section of the article, what was the research question that prompted
this study? It may not be explicitly stated, and there may be more than one; you will have to read the
introduction and interpret what question is driving the study. The question that prompted this study
came from several studies. There have been several studies with positive results of I.V. infusion of
carnitine and the delay of depletion in muscle glycogen but none from ingesting carnitine. Through
ingestion of carnitine, if there was an increase of carnitine in the muscle, it will increase muscle fat
oxidation which would then lead to a delay of depletion in muscle glycogen. 6. (2 pts) What did the
authors hypothesize? The authors hypothesized four things. First, the authors wanted to see if
constant feeding of L–carnitine and carbohydrates to the participants would increase the muscle TC
content just as they observed from I.V. infusion of the L–carnitine.

Demented Patient Ingestion

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