Innovation in Fruits and Vegetables
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Genetic engineering innovations in fruits and vegetables that are poised to help farmers, consumers, the environment and the needy. A compilation of existing strategies and future deployments.
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Innovation in Fruits and Vegetables
- 1. Innovation in Fruits and Vegetables And a little bit on Communicating the Science of Science Communication Kevin M. Folta Professor and Chair Horticultural Sciences Department kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta kfolta@ufl.edu
- 2. "There is a path to truth and sincerity that you must guard and defend“ -- Teruyuki Okazaki
- 3. All due to mutations and genomic alterations All required human intervention for breeding and/or selection
- 5. Technology Exists NOW Research has been published demonstrating that transgenic techniques can: Biofortify foods with vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients Grow plants in marginal areas Grow plants with fewer inputs Efficient use of fertilizers Insect resistance Disease resistance
- 6. What fruits and veggies are available now?
- 8. Gene Silencing What else could we silence?
- 9. Gene Silencing What else could we silence? - allergens - anti-nutrients - physiology associated with post-harvest decay - many others!!
- 10. RNAi as a means to silence genes Use in transgenics follows its natural intent Squash Papaya Plum Others
- 12. New Awareness Farmers Developing World The Needy Food Safety Environment Consumers
- 13. New Awareness Farmers Developing World The Needy Food Safety Environment Consumers
- 14. Flavr Savr Tomato First commercialized GE fruit or vegetable Suppression of aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II A polygalacturonase Idea was to slow ripening process
- 15. Asgrow Seed Company’s “Freedom II” is the first variety of genetically engineered squash and the second GM crop to be cleared by US regulators. Many squash varieties sold now have viral coat proteins expressed via a transgene. Squash
- 16. Watermelon Mosaic Virus Mosaic and rugosity of foliage and color breaking on fruit of straightneck yellow squash caused by Watermelon Mosaic Potyvirus (formerly WMV-2). Summer squash leaves show mosaic symptoms caused by Watermelon Mosaic Potyvirus (formerly WMV-2). APHID-TRANSMITTED VIRAL DISEASES ARE MAJOR PROBLEMS.
- 17. Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus produces prominent yellow mosaic and distortion of foliage and greatly malformed fruit as shown here. APHID-TRANSMITTED VIRAL DISEASES ARE MAJOR PROBLEMS.
- 22. Plum Pox Virus
- 23. Plum Pox Virus Infects rosaceous stonefruits. Aphid transmitted Single-stranded RNA virus Some natural resistance Engineered into plums by Ralph Scorza et al., USDA
- 25. Large numbers of small interfering RNAs suggest a potentially potent response.
- 26. Deregulated, process took about 20 years. Available if needed.
- 27. Papaya Ringspot Virus 1992- PSRV cut production from 55M pounds to 26 M pounds 1998-- PSRV resistant introduced 2001 – 40 M pounds
- 29. Papaya Ringspot Virus Good example of RNAi suppression
- 33. Why Virus-resistant papaya is such a victory -- Done by the public sector -- IP rights transferred to local papaya industries -- Japan eventually allows GM papaya -- non-GM surrounded by GM to protect them Downside Gene flow
- 34. Non Browning Apples Silencing a gene that leads to discoloration X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 36. In Development!!
- 39. Golden Bananas Beta carotene producing X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 40. Allergy-Free Peanuts Peanut – RNAi suppression Ara h2 X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 41. Allergy Free Wheat Using RNAi to repress gliadin levels
- 42. BS2 Tomato A pepper gene in tomato eases black spot and wilt. X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 43. BS2 Tomato A pepper gene in tomato eases black spot and wilt.
- 45. High Anthocyanin Tomato A transcription factor excites anthocyanin production in fruits X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy X Longer shelf life too.
- 46. Grapes resistant to Pierce’s Disease X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy X
- 50. NPR1 -- Regulator of plant defense response. Shown in many systems to confer broad-spectrum tolerance to pathogens..
- 52. Stopping Citrus Greening Spinach defensin Lytic peptides Many show promise Earliest deregulation is 2019
- 53. Bacterial Wilt in Bananas >70% of carbohydrate calories for some areas GM trials in Uganda X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy X
- 54. Over expression of rice Xa21 gene Tripathi et al, 2014
- 55. Overexpression of Ferredoxin like protein
- 57. But What About Agricultural Biotechnology? Generally: People don’t have any idea what it is. People don’t know how biology works. Few understand farming and supply chains. The just know that they don’t like biotech crops.
- 58. Relativenumberinpopulation Relative scientific understanding Activists Farmers, scientists, Etc. MOST PEOPLE!!!! Based on findings from UF PIE Center
- 59. Avoid these Mistakes Avoid “feed the world” rhetoric Discuss strengths and limitations Not a panacea, not a disaster Never get backed into the “science no” “Can you guarantee that these are absolutely safe?”
- 60. Watch the News, Engage the Comments, Create the Contrast Use your real name Provide an email address Offer to help interpret the media Always be as kind as possible
- 61. How do we participate effectively? Winning the Emotional Capital Consequences and Lost Opportunities Opposition to this technology has significant costs. The needy The environment Farmers Consumers
- 62. Technology Exists NOW Research has been published demonstrating that transgenic techniques can: Help farmers. Biofortify foods with vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients Grow plants in marginal areas Grow plants with fewer inputs Efficient use of fertilizers Insect resistance Disease resistance
- 63. Technology Exists NOW Research has been published demonstrating that transgenic techniques can: Biofortify foods with vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients Grow plants in marginal areas Grow plants with fewer inputs Efficient use of fertilizers Insect resistance Disease resistance
- 64. Conclusions: The pipeline started with farm-centric products Few horticultural crops are commercialized due to cost and high barriers in deregulation. The future products emphasize traits with direct consumer benefit Emphasizing benefits for consumers, the environment, the developing world and the farmer helps to change hearts and minds. Other countries will independently pursue the technology.