Opportunities for biotechnology to address plant and human disease
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A presentation on the risks and benefits of biotechnology presented to the Grocery Manufacturer's of America meeting in Washington DC, April 14, 2015.
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Opportunities for biotechnology to address plant and human disease
- 1. Opportunities for biotechnology to address major plant and human disease Kevin M. Folta Professor and Chairman Horticultural Sciences Department kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta kevinfolta@gmail.com
- 2. A Lot of Genetic Improvement for Plant and Animal Disease Resistance was Done Inadvertently Plants have been genetically improved to fight or survive disease through selection and breeding. Humans have been genetically improved to fight or survive disease through selection and breeding. There is a wonderful mutual relationship between plants and humans. Better plants make better humans, and better humans make better plants!
- 3. What Plant Genetic Improvement Is More varieties Grow better under given conditions Improved yields Safer products Improved nutrtion
- 4. What Did Agrarian Humans Get in Return? Work outside of farming Leisure time Income from farming Improved nutrition 10,000 – 4,000 MYA
- 5. Kates 1994
- 6. What is Plant Genetic Improvement? Traditional breeding – Plant sex. Human mediated or due to wind or insects. Humans play a key role in selection, as do pathogens, etc. Wide Introgressions – Genetic combinations not achievable in nature, due to geographical or reproductive barriers that require human intervention. Mutation Breeding – Use of radiation (or chemicals) to damage genetic material and produce new traits. Transgenic Plants – Moving a gene that is understood into a new background, to install a new trait. Also can silence genes. Gene Editing -- Future technology that will allow installation or removal of a specific gene, with few collateral effects.
- 8. Molecular Cut and Paste 32,690 genes in corn 5 Million bases 35,968 words in Old Yeller , (80 pages) 2200+ pages
- 9. Two main traits– insect and herbicide resistance
- 10. Traits Related to Human Health Improved nutrient composition Removal of toxic compounds Suppression of allergens
- 11. Golden Rice X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy Opposition to golden rice cost $2 billion to farmers in developing countries and 1.4 million human years – Wesseler et al., 2014
- 13. Cassava Virus Resistant Cassava (VIRCA) Biocassava Plus (BC Plus) 250 million depend on cassava 50 million tons lost to virus. X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 15. Low Acrylamide, non Browning Potatoes X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 16. Allergy-Free Peanuts Peanut – RNAi suppression Ara h2 X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 17. Transgenic Wheat • Never commercialized • Not amenable to export • Use of non-GM lines
- 19. Allergy Free WheatAllergy Free Wheat Using RNAi to repress gliadin and glutenin levelsUsing RNAi to repress gliadin and glutenin levels
- 21. Non Browning Apples Silencing a gene that leads to discoloration X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy Small Business!X Indirect effects on human health
- 22. Traits Related to Human Health Moving genes with genetic engineering allows for rapid incorporation of new traits. “Metabolic engineering” allows production of enhanced vitamins, minerals, other nutrients; decreased allergens, toxins and anti-nutrients
- 23. Traits Related to Plant Health Resistance to viruses Resistance to bacteria Resistance to fungi
- 24. Papaya Ringspot Virus Good example of RNAi suppression GMO NON-GMO
- 26. BS2 Tomato A pepper gene in tomato eases black spot and wilt. X X Farmers Consumers Environment Needy
- 27. Stopping Citrus Greening A single gene from spinach helps citrus survive disease. Other genes help too. Earliest deregulation is 2019
- 28. Conclusions The ability to move a single gene is an extension of the plant- human relationship Improved plants = improved people! Current solutions are mostly agronomic traits The future will bring improved traits for humans to improve nutrients, product quality and improved plant health.
- 29. Thank you kfolta.blogspot.com @kevinfolta kevinfolta@gmail.com "There is a path to truth and sincerity that you must guard and defend“ -- Teruyuki Okazaki It is our mission to stand up for the truth that science gives us. Dr. Jack Payne SVP UF/IFAS