Following World War II, many newly independent countries were shaped.docx

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Following World War II, many newly independent countries were shaped by strong leaders like Indira Gandhi, Anwar Sadat, Jomo Kenyatta and Suharto. Their actions and policies have continued to affect their countries even up to the present. Write a letter to one historical leader mentioned in this chapter (does not necessarily have to be one of those pictured above). Using the Internet and other resources, research current developments in your chosen leader's country. Research the policies of the historic leader you have chosen, then write a letter to the historical leader to bring him/her up to date a to the impact that leader's actions and policies have had on the course of development in his/her country. Some new nations, such as Ghana, agreed to become part of the British Commonwealth. Other nations, such as Myanmar (formerly Burma), chose not to join. What factors affected a former colony's decision to join or not to join the British Commonwealth? Is Democracy a viable option for all nations in today's world? Why or Why not? .

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Democracy and Social Movement 1

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SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES! A. Justification At the time of their founding, Latin American countries drew inspiration from the United States and its system of government based on democratically elected presidents subject to checks and balances from independent and co-equal branches of government. Yet democracy proved to be little more than an aspiration during most of the region’s independent history with countries fluctuating repeatedly, often in quick succession, from popularly elected leaders to dictatorships. Democracy failed to take root in even the wealthiest and most industrialized countries in the region as exemplified by repressive military dictatorships that ruled the Southern Cone during the 1970s. However, starting in the late 1970s and gathering momentum during the 1980s, Latin American dictatorships were replaced by popularly elected governments. This time really did prove different. Despite setbacks and persistent (and often well-justified) concerns about tangible results of democracy (its deliverables), today all but two Latin American countries qualify as functioning (if somewhat flawed) democracies. Democracy is, for now, to quote Linz and Stepan (1996, 15), “the only game in town” in Latin America. With that problem resolved, social scientists have turned their attention to a new problem: the quality of said democracies:  How far are today’s democratically elected governments from what was promised to the electorate prior to transition?  Specifically, what are the main strengths and weaknesses of each of the region’s democracies? You will tackle these questions by conducting an audit of the quality of democracy in a Latin American country of your choosing. This assignment combined with class lectures on the larger political trends in the region’s recent history, will provide you with a more detailed and nuanced picture of Latin American Politics. B. Assignment 1) You are to research and write a policy memo evaluating the state of democracy Argentina. The memo should be about 2,500 words or 10 pages long (double-spaced). 2) Begin by understanding the concept of democratic quality and the ways in which it can assessed. Quality of democracy in the country you select should be assessed following the framework developed by Levine and Molina (2011). Said framework evaluates the quality of a country’s democracy based on five criteria:  1) Electoral Decision; 2) Participation; 3) Responsiveness; 4.) Accountability; and 5) Sovereignty.  Read: o Daniel M. Levine, and Jose Molina, editors. 2011. The Quality of Democracy in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Chapters 1. 3) Get acquainted with the history of and the main political issues in your country. For that, you are required to read your country’s chapter in:  Skidmore, Thomas E., Peter H. Smith, and James N. Green. 2010. Modern Latin America, 7th Edition. New York: Oxford Unive.

SOURCES THAT ARE INCLUDED MUST BE USED, NO OUTSIDE SOURCES!A. .docx

williame8

With the fall of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe, Russia's command economy opened up to the world. The resulting globalization brought about great economic and political changes. While the new market economy promoted growth and modernization, it also deepened the country's class divide. Further, the quick transition from a planned economy to a free market opened the door for rampant corruption. Oligarchs who where friends of the old state where sold sectors of industry for pennies on the dollar. So while globalization paved the way for industrialization and modernization, particularly in the oil industry in Russia, the corruption and class divide brought with it make it a double edged sword. Like every country in the world, Russia enjoys the benefits of globalization. They have been active in world trade and financial markets. In doing so, they agree to the rules of the games established way before they decided to join. "The global financial system resembles a somewhat democratic society where the voice of a very powerful and representative segment of society is manifested not by vote, but by instant and unambiguous money flows" (Marmolejo, 2014). However, Russia is new to this game. "The Moscow Exchange was established on December 19, 2011, by the merger of the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and the Russian Trading System. The Moscow Exchange operates all financial assets across the board: equities, bonds, derivatives, currencies, money markets, and precious metals; in addition, the Moscow Exchange also operates Russia’s Central Securities Depositary and the country’s largest clearing service provider" (Marmolejo, 2014). It resides about in the middle regarding a current per capita GDP of approximately $18,100 (US), with an abundance of corruption, extreme ends of the spectrum regarding the haves and have nots, not to mention the many ethnic conflicts (Marmolejo, 2014). They are largely dependent upon the export of raw materials, such as oil, gas and other related products, but have "a third-world-like economic structure" (Marmelejo, 2014). Despite their antiquated economic structure, they have the largest landmass in the world with the 10th largest population in the world. With Capitalization now taking over some previously communist countries, Putin is slowly destroying the country. His militarist attitude is going to put Russia back to where there were. Marmolejo, M. (March 12, 2014). "Putin, Russia, Ukraine, and the Globalized World." Globalization: Opportunities & Implications. Retrieved on October 22, 2014 from url http://www.understandglobalization.com/2014/03/12/putin-russia-ukraine-and-the-globalized-world/ The global economy is an interconnected marketplace. Speaking from a political and economist perspective, globalization increases integration in the scope of business, values, technology, and various aspects of culture; it fosters interaction between people, organizations, and governments. In pertinen.

With the fall of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europ.docx

ambersalomon88660

FREEDOM HOUSE ORGANIZATION AND MYANMAR https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/myanmar Freedom in the World 2018 https://freedomhouse.org/article/myanmar-un-reports-evidence-genocidal-intent-against-minorities Myanmar: UN Reports Evidence of “Genocidal Intent” against Minorities Freedom House acts as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our research and analysis frames the policy debate in the United States and abroad on the progress and decline of freedom. We also empower frontline human rights defenders and civic activists to uphold fundamental rights and to advance democratic change. CONTACT INFO Call +1 202-833-5930 info@freedomhouse.org http://www.freedomhouse.org MORE INFO About Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world. Company Overview Today, as more than two billion people live under oppressive rule, Freedom House speaks out against the main threats to democracy and empowers citizens to exerc... See More General Information Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization dedicated to the expansion of freedom around the world. For general inquiries, please contact info@freedomhouse.org. categories Nonprofit Organization · Charity Organization · Organization https://freedomhouse.org/blog/bangladesh-should-legalize-sim-cards-rohingya-refugees Bangladesh Should Legalize SIM Cards for Rohingya Refugees https://freedomhouse.org/article/myanmar-detention-journalists-threatens-press-freedom Myanmar: Detention of Journalists Threatens Press Freedom https://freedomhouse.org/article/letter-58-ngos-calling-targeted-economic-sanctions-burma Letter from 58 NGOs Calling for Targeted Economic Sanctions in Burma

FREEDOM HOUSE ORGANIZATION AND MYANMAR

MYO AUNG Myanmar

Democratic watchdog organization Freedom House has released its annual ranking of the world's most free and most suppressed nations. The report is a key barometer for global democracy and this year's edition found that global freedom has declined for the 15th straight year. 2020 was a turbulent year with the pandemic, violent conflict and economic and physical insecurity leading to democracy's defenders sustaining heavy losses against authoritarian foes which has resulted in a shift in the internatioal baance in favor of tyranny. A total of 195 countries and 15 territories were analyzed on their levels of access to political rights and civil liberties with the number experiencing a deterioration in their freedom scores exceeding the number that saw improvement by the widest margin since 2006. In 2020, nearly 75 percent of the world's population lived under a government that saw its democracy score decline in the past year.

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Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης

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Freedom in the World 2019

hivlifeinfo

Non

Kamal Kishore Pawar

1. Is the international system inherently conflictual? How can non-state actors use their power to constrain states? 2. What is sovereignty in the international system? How does the emergence of non-state actors like ngos, cities, business markets, and regional organizations challenge traditional ideas about sovereignty? 3. What is the difference between International Organizations and Non-Governmental International Organizations? Give specific examples. 4. What are the challenges of global governance in the 21st Century? Do international organizations have what it takes to confront these challenges? 5. What non-state actors are most interesting to you personally? Identify one or two types of groups that are interesting to you and form a robust argument for how they influence international politics. .

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keturahhazelhurst

Peacebuilding from below The case of Zimbabwe

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This paper is addressing NAM described as the second biggest group of countries after the United Nations as an international group. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was founded at the hardest time of the Cold War during the collapse of the colonial system and the independence struggles of the several peoples of Asia Africa and other regions of the world. The movement's membership has continuously grown from 25 at its establishment reaching over 100 countries in 2021. It was expected to have an important role in international policy. The paper showed the reasons why the NAM movement lost its way.

The_Non_Aligned_Movement_6_Decades_of_No.pdf

Mohammed Saaida

Contemporary Regional Scenarios - Module 1

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Following all Discussion guidelines, in your own words and in detail: explain how managers use data-based decision making; explain the use of forecasting techniques in planning; describe how to use Gant charts, milestone charts, and PERT planning techniques; describe how to use break-even analysis, and decision trees for problem solving and decision making; describe how to manage inventory by using the economic-order quantity (EOQ), the just-in-time (JIT) system, and LIFO versus FIFO; describe how to identify problems using a Pareto Diagram .

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Follow-Up Post Peer Response Please write a minimum of five complete sentences for your one peer posting. You should also consider referencing some information from the course textbook , lecture lessons , or a scholarly source to help support your written response post. Writing Requirements Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source) APA format for in-text citations and list of references Youtube Video: PHILOSOPHY: Immanuel Kant Please find information related to Immanuel Kant below. Immanuel Kant was born in what is known today as Kaliningrad, Russia. He was known for publishing sixty-nine philosophical publications. Kant was not only a philosopher and teacher; he was also a chair in the field of mathematics. He was a believer in morals and doing what was right. This philosopher was also known for having multiple diseases over the course of his life (Fellin & Ble, 1997). During the course of his life, Immanuel Kant wrote about human socialization and how antagonism can impact humans and society. For instance, Immanuel Kant blames “man’s own absurd natural predispositions” for his own problems (Valdez, 2017, p. 827). Some of these problems consisted of barbaric behavior as well as war. This was difficult for Kant. As a moral philosopher, Immanuel Kant believed in doing the right thing. Similarly, Kant believed in peacebuilding. Thus, building trust was a great way to maintain peace (Yu, 1998). Kant also believed that there were times when individuals were confident in their ability to be among others in society. He also believed that there were times when individuals felt isolated from the same society that they often enjoyed engagement. Moreover, Kant believed that autonomy was a necessary part of human nature (Pirc, 2018). Like, Aristotle, Immanuel Kant believed in respect and dignity for human life. This connectedness stemmed from a common thread that Kant labeled as the formula for humanity. This philosopher furthered believed in two distinct domains as it related to the categorical imperative. One of these was the doctrine of right. The other distinct domain was referred to as the doctrine of virtue (DiCenso, 2019). Kant’s categorical imperative was one method of illuminating this message. In other words, people mattered. According to Ruggiero (2012), they should never be used as a means to someone else’s end. “To treat people “as an end” means, on the most superficial level, treating them well. We must promote their welfare, respect their rights, avoid harming them, and generally “endeavor, so far as we can, to further the ends of others” (Rachels & Rachels, 2019, p. 147). Needless to say, cruelty and evil exists but Kant believed that it was important for people to act morally. At times; however, Kant viewed human beings as animals. Kant argued, “that if we develop a habit of treating animals cruelly this will damage our character and ultimately lead to in.

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Follow-Up Post Instructions Respond to at least one peer and the instructor Please write a minimum of five complete sentences for your one peer posting. You should also consider referencing some information from the course textbook , lecture lessons , or a scholarly source to help support your written response post. Writing Requirements Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source) APA format for in-text citations and list of references This discussion focuses on shame. Shame can be categorized as an emotion that has been deeply hidden (Bateman & Engel, 2018). Ruggiero (2012) stated that the human condition of shame can have adverse impacts on an individual as well as society. Israeli and Raveh (2018) support this by citing that shame is common to humanity. For instance, shame conditions the way that a person lives in the world. According to Uebel (2009), shame can cause an individual to structure their world in a particular way especially when engaging with others. Shame, like emotivism, deals with emotions or feelings (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). Shame can be defined as humiliation. Furthermore, shame can be viewed as an isolating experience. This term can also be used to communicate how people live out shameful experiences. For example, “Pennebaker (1990) pointed out that many citizens of Dallas felt ashamed of their city for many years after the assassination of President Kennedy, even though there was no sense in which Dallas or its citizens were responsible for what happened. Assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was from New Orleans” (Uebel, 2009, p. 236). Shame has several main functions. The first functions deals with the intuitiveness of shame. Shame is visual. It is considered as being identical to exposure. “Shame is an emotion routed through the eyes and its mise-en-scène is thus specularity and exposure, involving the spatial organization of a spectator who can be external, internal, or both at once” (Uebel, 2009, p. 234). Secondly, shame has been viewed as a function of the spectatorial and spatial dimensions. Uebel (2009) noted that an individual who experiences shame is suspended between what is known verses unknown. Thirdly, shame has dramaturgical or performative meaning. For example, an actor or actress who is unaware of themselves at some point becomes aware. This awakened awareness makes the individual feel like an actor or actress that is engaging in a real life performance before others. In other words, there is a double-ness to shame. This occurs when one can see their behavior. The fourth function of shame is its transformative disruption of what we think we know about ourselves. Shame deals with the experience of an individual’s own limitations. Fifth is shames relationship-seeking quality or ethical significance. Sixth is shame has a moral relevance. Lastly, shame functions as guilt. In brief, Uebel (2009) noted that shame can encompass guilt. Howeve.

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Follow up discussion post Please read and give your comment or additional information one paragraph with proper citation intext and reference I have taken the quiz, and I was categorized as a disaffected Democrat. I am a democrat, but I needed to research exactly what a disaffected one was. Here is what Pew Research had to say: Defining values: Disaffected Democrats strongly believe the economic system unfairly favors powerful interests and that business corporations make too much profit. Relatively few believe their family has achieved the American Dream, and 24% believe it is out of reach for their family. Most say the government should do more to help the needy and that poor people have hard lives because government benefits do not go far enough to help them live decently. In contrast to other Democratic-oriented groups, a majority (63%) characterizes government as “almost always wasteful and inefficient.” Political attitudes: Though less politically engaged, Disaffected Democrats share Solid Liberals’ disapproval of Donald Trump: 91% disapprove of his job performance, including 85% who do so strongly. Just 43% of Disaffected Democrats say voting gives people like them some say about how the government runs things, the lowest percentage of any typology group. Who they are: Over half (56%) of Disaffected Democrats are non-white. Highly financially stressed, they are the least likely to own a home and – along with Devout and Diverse – would have a tougher time than other typology groups if they needed to live off of their savings. Lifestyle notes: Most Disaffected Democrats (55%) say they have lived in or near their local community for their entire life. Most (58%) say they enjoy volunteering “a lot.” My ideological placement would be a Solid Democrat because I would like to stand firm in my beliefs, but also because the quiz defines them as financially comfortable, highly educated, and expressing liberal attitudes on virtually every issue. I do mostly agree with the results, and how the quiz defines me. While it is not completely accurate, it does display most of my beliefs, my lifestyle, and my voting record accurately which is “while support for democracy as a principle is widespread, many citizens have become less satisfied with the way democracy performs” (Klingemann, H., 2015) REFERENCES Klingemann, H. (2015). Dissatisfied Democrats. The Civic Culture Transformed, 116-157. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139600002.010 PEW Research Center. (2017, October 24). Appendix 1: typology group profiles. U.S. Politics & Policy. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2017/10/24/appendix-1-typology-group-profiles-2/ Whitman Cobb, W. N. (2020). Political science today. (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Sage, CQ Press .

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Follow this link to access this week's reading Social Justice Standards: Unpacking Identity. Learning Objectives Learners will: Define what shapes our identities; Understand the five identity anchor standards in the Teaching Tolerance Social Justice Standards; and Relate how identity has many characteristics and affects relationships within the school building and classroom. Post to Module 1 Discussion your work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9--vdDEk6I .

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For almost 30 centuries—from its unification around 3100 B.C. to its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.—ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world. Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and historians and created a vibrant field of study all its own: Egyptology. The main sources of information about ancient Egypt are the many monuments, objects and artifacts that have been recovered from archaeological sites, covered with hieroglyphs that have only recently been deciphered. The picture that emerges is of a culture with few equals in the beauty of its art, the accomplishment of its architecture or the richness of its religious traditions. PREDYNASTIC PERIOD (C. 5000-3100 B.C.) Encompassed at least 2,000 years of gradual development of the Egyptian civilization. This took place in the late Stone Age/Neolithic period. 4 Neolithic (late Stone Age) communities in northeastern Africa exchanged hunting for agriculture and made early advances that paved the way for the later development of Egyptian arts and crafts, technology, politics and religion (including a great reverence for the dead and possibly a belief in life after death). Mesopotamia also believe in this religion 5 Around 3400 B.C., two separate kingdoms were established: the Red Land to the north, based in the Nile River Delta and extending along the Nile perhaps to Atfih; and the White Land in the south, stretching from Atfih to Gebel es-Silsila. King Menes would subdue the north and unify the country, becoming the first king of the first dynasty. ARCHAIC (EARLY DYNASTIC) PERIOD (C. 3100-2686 B.C.) The Archaic Period saw the development of the foundations of Egyptian society, including the all-important ideology of kingship. To the ancient Egyptians, the king was a godlike being, closely identified with the all-powerful god Horus. The earliest known hieroglyphic writing also dates to this period. In the Archaic Period, as in all other periods, most ancient Egyptians were farmers living in small villages, and agriculture (largely wheat and barley) formed the economic base of the Egyptian state. The annual flooding of the great Nile River provided the necessary irrigation and fertilization each year; farmers sowed the wheat after the flooding receded and harvested it before the season of high temperatures and drought returned. OLD KINGDOM: AGE OF THE PYRAMID BUILDERS (C. 2686-2181 B.C.) The Old Kingdom began with the third dynasty of pharaohs. Around 2630 B.C., the third dynasty’s King Djoser asked Imhotep, an architect, priest and healer, to design a funerary monument for him; the result was the world’s first major stone building, the Step-Pyramid at Saqqara, near Memphis. Pyramid-building reached its zenith with the construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Built for Khufu, who ruled from 2589 to 2566 B.C. Two other pyramids were built at Giza for Khufu’s successors K.

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FOr Acadamic onlinetutorAssign 1 or 2 individuals of the group t.docx

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For all Assessments, the following general requirements hold: (1) Assignments should be 2-3 double-spaced pages, with reasonable (12 pt.) font and reasonable (1 inch) margins. (2) Citations to the material and in-text citations are required(MLA style). (3) Assignments should be turned into eCampus (for the collection of artifacts for scoring). !! Assignment Three: When You Win…SLO #3 1. Research the committees of the House ( http://www.house.state.tx.us/committees/ ) and state senate (http://www.senate.state.tx.us/committees.php ) 2. Choose at least three (3) committees on which you’d serve, if elected. a. Explain each committee’s functions. b. Explain why your placement on these committees is justified. How does it serve your district’s needs? How does it emphasize your experiences/interests? 3. What kind of constituent service would you be likely to do? What kind of “home style” would you create (and how?) Most Texans do not know who their legislators are. How do you seek to solve that problem? !! Assignment Two: The Campaign: SLO #2 How much does it cost to run for office in Texas? https://www.texastribune.org/2017/03/01/heres-how-much-texas-candidates-spent-vote-general-election/ How will you raise money? (read this handy info from the Texas Democratic Party before you violate any campaign finance laws: https://www.txdemocrats.org/act/run-for-office ) Name interest groups that will support/oppose you? Go to https://votesmart.org/interest-groups/TX/#.WXjT4ojyuUk and identify two (2) interest groups that you think will support your campaign, and two (2) who will oppose your campaign. Explain why? (referring to your platform). What’s your SLOGAN? Design a campaign sign How do you get out the vote? Given your issue stands, what voter groups do you need to target? (refer back to the district analyses documents on your current legislator’s homepage Assignment One: Why not you? Why not now? For this project, you will hypothetically be running for office. Choose whether you would like to run for the Texas House of Representatives OR the Texas State Senate. We will be doing the project in chunks, as we cover the material in class, so tasks may be assigned out of sequence. Preparing to run: SLO #1 1. Know your district. Go to: http://www.fyi.legis.state.tx.us/Home.aspx, and discover the district number, and who represents you in the Texas house or state senate. Which political party is your state house/state senate representative affiliated with? (if you choose to run as a House or Senate representative, check the district that you want to run for.) 2. Go to your current representative’s page, and look at the district analysis documents. 1. What does your district look like (in terms of population, age, education, employment, election results)? 2. What issues arise based on the district’s demographics (this will help you think about your platform) 3. Is your district gerrymandered? http://www.fyi.legis.state.tx.us/Info.as.

For all Assessments, the following general requirements hold.docx

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*for A-Z answers only* offshoring and its impact of labor and growth within the countries of Sierra Leone and Norway. Throughout our research we will hope to provide substantial details on how offshoring could provide major benefit to its host country but also have adverse unintentional consquences. By exploring the different roles offshoring plays within an undeveloped nation versus developed nation we will provide extensive information in hope to conclude whether or not the opportunity for growth does truly exist. We will also be exploring the political and social environments of both countries and how they interact with regards to offshoring. Finally we will be conducting a direct comparison of the two nations which will include policies and the implications offshoring could have both countries and the world economies. .

for A-Z answers onlyoffshoring and its impact of labor and growt.docx

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Footloose projectMost of the differences between the two versi.docx

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For 1-Hour Writer ONLY This author cited, "Allport (1937) refers to these internal factors as psychophysical systems; this term implies that personality composed of both body and mind elements fashioned into heterogeneous, inextricable unity. He maintained that all the traits we apparently share with others are, at base, idiosyncratic and craved to take into account the fact that we not only adjust to our environment by behaving in certain ways, but we also reflect on it. By so doing, we ensure not only survival but growth". What does this mean? Summarize in your own words! [200 word count reference and citation needed] .

For 1-Hour Writer ONLY This author cited, Allport (1937) refers.docx

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Foodborne illness can have severe consequences. In a minimum of 300 words, list the categories of food supply contaminants, identify and briefly discuss a minimum of four microbiological agents implicated in foodborne illness, state the significance of foodborne illnesses in the food supply, and state measures and regulations for preventing foodborne illness and protecting the safety of food from carcinogens. How does this topic relate to your selected environmental health issue? .

Foodborne illness can have severe consequences. In a minimum of 300.docx

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Football - A starting point could be headlines 'Premier League suspended indefinitely following Corona virus crisis meeting' What does this mean for fandom? - can you still be a fan if there is no football? How are fans coping without live football? The theoretical underpinnings for this are the sociology of fandom (women or men) - eg Tomlinson, or Stacey Pope Issues around IDENTIT(IES) how has peoples identity changed with the isolation around football - going to the pub to watch the game, drinking culture, how have they adapted? DATA COLLECTION METHODS You can still observe some things - for example your family's reaction to the suspension, then the final decision etc Your story also is important. Observations from the news clips even. Interviews - semi-structured interviews - you still need to retain the ethics code - the consent forms and informed participant information forms - then conduct the iinterviews face to face ONLY in your household, or by Zoom or phone call - obviously get permission to record the conversation. Coding data- into emergent themes - both from the theories and the data you have collected Critical analysis - remember your findings need to be critical - the points you make linked back to the literature you have set up in your review of literature. .

Football- A starting point could be headlines Premier League susp.docx

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Foods deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of reactions including some that are physical, some that are chemical, some enzymatic and some microbiological. The various forms of spoilage and food poisoning caused by microorganisms are preventable to a large degree by a number of preservation techniques, most of which act by preventing or slowing microbial growth. These include freezing, chilling, drying, curing, conserving, vacuum packing, modified atmosphere packing, acidifying, fermenting, and adding chemical preservatives. This is section 13, Chemical food protection. We’ll look at the other food preservation mechanisms in future modules. 1 From the moment a food source is harvested in begins to deteriorate. It is estimated that 25% of the worlds food is lost to microbial decay annually. This equals more than a billion dollars per year. 2 Salting as a means of preserving foods predates written history. The Mesopotamians were known 3000 B.C.E. generally used salt to preserve meat and fish. Early Roman writers such as Cato (234‐149 B.C.E.) clearly explained the need to salt perishable meats and vegetables to preserve them. We have already seen in past chapters that salt binds water reducing water activity and also is toxic to enzymatic and DNA processes in cells. 3 Today, nearly all manufactured foods have different chemical preservatives because it makes financial sense. Food additives maintain or improve freshness, safety, nutritional value, taste, texture, or appearance. Consumers demand and enjoy a food supply that is flavorful, nutritious, safe, convenient, colorful and affordable. 4 No audio. 5 No audio. 6 In the United States, neither the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nor the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has labeling claim rules for “natural." The FDA explicitly discourages the food industry from using the term. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits labeling that is false or misleading, but does not give any specifics. The USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service has a standard for organic food, but there is no legal definition for natural foods. Despite no legal U.S. definition for natural foods, there are numerous unofficial or informal definitions, none of which are applied uniformly to foods labeled "natural". 7 So, are food chemical additives safe? 8 In 1958, the US created food additive legislation stating that the FDA must approve all food additives and ingredients that are not generally recognized as safe. The GRAS list contains food additives that have been used historically and have shown no hazards during that time. Easily recognized examples are sodium chloride, sucrose and acetic acid. Less easily recognized are many of the common food preservatives such as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and calcium propionate. 9 The U.S. FDA maintains a list of over 3000 approved, generally recognized as safe, food ingredients including food.

Foods deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of reactions .docx

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Food Truck to Ethiopia · Define what kind of food · Coffee is a big deal · https://theculturetrip.com/africa/articles/can-coffee-tourism-save-these-countries-coffee-species-from-extinction/ · Largely vegetarian · Gluten Free / vegan friendly · Maybe Breakfast food · https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2014/05/01/a-short-qurs-on-ethiopian-breakfast/ · Maybe our company can have an app so that people can order and pay on the app before picking up their food - this way we have more to cover under “technology environment” · By around 9 or so each morning, the Fojol Bros.’ Twitter page announces Benethiopia’s location. They begin serving between 11:30 and noon, and they serve until they run out of food, usually by 2. A line begins to form soon after the truck arrives at its daily destination, and by noon it’s a dozen people long and stays that way until there’s nothing left to sell, at which time they tweet once more that they’re closed for the day. https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2011/07/21/ethiopian-food-on-wheels/ Table of Contents 1. Introduction a. Nestled in the center of the country,Ethiopia‘s capital city, Addis Ababa, is quickly evolving and growing. Addis captures much of the diversity unique to the country, with over80 distinctive languages and numerous dialects belonging to a variety of religious communities and peoples. The city takes pride in its diversity, which is perhaps best represented by the city’s food culture and lively restaurant scene b. 2. About Company-Laura Located in the bustling area of Addis Abada, Sishu is one of Ethiopia’s most popular and trendiest restaurants. While Sishu serves a variety of sandwiches, the restaurant has become known for the burgers. With homemade sweet buns, delectably seasoned ground meat, tangy homemade sauces, and crisp French fries, both locals and tourists palates go wild when tasting the food at Sishu. Drawn mostly from word of mouth, crowds flock to Sishu throughout the day. Initially established by American expat Mathews Teshome and local Selamawit Deneke, the twosome was able to create a space with delicious food based on both American and Ethiopian cultures. Sourcing as many ingredients locally as possible, the restaurant focuses on food quality and taste. Since the demand for burger places in Addis is extremely high, customers would likely forgive a miss in quality. However, the two partners are very focused on constantly improving and keeping service standards high. To maintain high service standards, the restaurant hires more staff than the minimum requirement and slowly training new employees to avoid mistakes. Moreover, new employees come by referrals, and are often a mix of Ethiopians and expats, so that cultural barriers and differences can be navigated through the different perspectives. Additionally, Sishu keeps productive high and employees happy by paying them double what they would make elsewhere maximizing its limited resources with the formation of revenue .

Food Truck to Ethiopia· Define what kind of food· Coffee is a .docx

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