1. DIPLOMACY OF NON-STATE ACTORS
By
Dr. Gitesh Kumar
Department of Political Science and International Relations,
Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida
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2. Non-state actors may include corporations, private financial institutions, and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), as well as paramilitary groups, armed guerrilla warfare resistance groups,
and terrorist organizations, all of which may employ violence in pursuit of their objectives.
Non-state actors include organizations and individuals that are not affiliated with, directed, or
indirectly funded through the government. These include corporations, private financial
institutions, and NGOs, as well as paramilitary and armed resistance groups.
According to different narratives on international politics, non-state actors are regarded as either
heroes or villains. Non-state actors claim to have achieved some success in helping to achieve both
national and international development goals.
Armed non-state actors, also known as violent non-state actors, are groups that threaten or use
violence to achieve their goals.
Example: MNCs, TNCs, IGOs, NGOs, civil society, terrorist organisations, religious
actors, diasporas and so on
3. 1. There has been a sharp increase in the number and activity of global actors who are
not states; the information revolution has changed the playing field as far as information
gathering is concerned.
2. The diplomacy now involves many more participants who are experts in matters.
other parts of the government machine domestically as well as internationally.
3. increased the significance of global institutions and globally operating private entities,
both public and commercial level.
4. weakening state structures lead to state collapses.
5. other non-state organizations have adopted much higher profile roles, particularly
humanitarian and human rights entities.
6. global system has become much more complex and dynamic.
Associations of states have a long history of struggling with this problem and the
emerging practices are many more. Ex. the UN is perhaps the furthest along in this
regard due to the frequency and scope of the interventions it has undertaken.
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4. -creations have the right to diplomatic representation and bringing
inexperienced, uncertain in globalization era.
-management of global issues increasingly involves new actors beyond the
state. When crises seem to lie beyond the control of governments or the
relevant intergovernmental organizations, “non-state” actors come to play
significant roles.
While intra- and inter-state conflict is the most prominent crisis, other forms
include economic crises,, as in the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis and 2008-
09.
Ex. Bosnia, Kosovo, or Rwanda and Sudan (North and South)
.
5. .
the changing character of
diplomacy
Diplomatic War during cold war
the global stage with public and
private
entities,
Development projects, both
traditional and modern diplomacy
the newly powerful non-state actors Social Movement Organizations
germination of a new diplomatic
system
non-state actors of all types
(including business, labor, and
consumer groups)
accepted system of representation
and the emergence of credible
representatives.
Fundamental transformation in the
function of diplomacy
a new type of diplomatic system Diplomacy: Peace, war, conflict,
business, civil society, IGOs etc.
6. First consists of the traditional elements of the international system: states,
governments, and associations of states.
Second consists modern elements of the international system: states,
government, non-state actors, Regional and international org. Diaspora etc.
The role of state is as an agent in the 21st century:
1. Globalization and emerging private sector:
2. Diplomatic process: a very big role
Microsoft founder, Bill Gates, to be given “head of state” treatment by
governments of countries when they visit.
Concluding Points:
We are likely see a shift from the modern diplomacy to dynamic era of
diplomacy during the non-state actors. The role of diplomacy has been
increasing each and every area of the public and private sphere.
