This document presents information about diabetes. It defines diabetes as a condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2, where the body does not respond properly to insulin. Symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. The document discusses causes, tests used for diagnosis, prevention methods, and recommendations for management of the condition.

2. I AM 3RD YEAR STUDENT TEACHER AT LESOTHO COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
THABA- TSEKA UNDER THE PROGRAM OF DIPLOMA IN PRIMARY
EDUCATION.

3. INTRODUCTION
I am going to present about diabetes. Diabetes is a condition that occurs when the
body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar level. The body uses glucose for
energy. Diabetes develop when our pancreas does not make enough insulin or any at
all. Most forms of diabetes are chronic( lifelong).

4. TERMS TO KNOW
• Glucose (a type of sugar);
Our bodies use glucose for energy and it comes from food.
• Insulin;
A hormone that helps to move glucose from our blood to the cells which then uses the
sugar for energy.
• Pancreas;
Organ that creates the insulin our body needs to get and use glucose.

5. TYPES OF DIABETES
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

6. TYPE 1 DIABETES
Is an autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks and destroys insulin-
producing cells in the pancreas. This prevents the body from making enough insulin to
control blood sugar levels. It can occur at any age, it can be inherited and the main
treatment for people with type 1 is injecting insulin into the body everyday.

7. TYPE 2 DIABETES
In this type, the body does not respond to insulin properly, which is called insulin
resistance. When this happens, glucose cannot get into the body cells to be used for
energy and causes the glucose levels in the blood to rise. It can develop at any age but
it is more common in adults over 45. People with this type can control their blood
sugar levels through diet and exercise but others may need insulin to help control their
blood sugar level.

8. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
 Increased thirst and dry mouth
 Blurry vision
 Frequent urination
 Poor wound healing
 Unexplained weight loss
 Fatigue

9. CAUSES OF DIABETES
 Age
 Overweight
 Lack of exercise
 Hormonal imbalance
 Insulin resistance
 Autoimmune system

10. TESTS
Healthcare providers diagnose diabetes by checking people’s glucose level in blood
test.
Tests used to measure blood glucose are;
 Fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG); measures the amount of glucose in the blood after
fast (people do not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours before test to ensure
that the results are accurate).

11. TESTS [CONTINUED]
 Random blood glucose test; people can get this types of test regardless of they
have fasted.
 Hemoglobin test/ A1c/HbA1C; Measures the average blood glucose level over
the past three months.

12. PREVENTION
 Quit smoking
 Manage stress
 Limit alcohol intake
 Regular exercise
 Regular blood sugar monitoring
 Eat a healthy diet
 Get enough sleep (7-9 hours)
 Take medications as directed by healthcare professionals

13. RECOMMENDATION
For people living with diabetes, I would recommend making some lifestyle changes
that can help you manage the condition and stay healthy. It is important to eat
healthy, balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, whole grains and vegetables.
Limit sugar intake, increase physical activities and do regular check-ups.

14. REFERENCES
https://www.diabetes.org.uk
https://www.mayoclinic.org
https://my.clevelandclinic.org
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com