Bauhaus Impact On Modern Design

Bauhaus Impact On Modern Design
Q: What are the impacts of the Bauhaus on modern design?
The Bauhaus school was founded in 1919 in Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius (1883 –
1969). In 1923, Walter Gropius introduced the agreement between "creative artists and the industrial
world". The Bauhaus is most famous for the idea of combining forms and functions. They combined
both fine arts and design elements to create a curriculum that trained artists and designers to be
capable of producing both functional and aesthetic work. One of the main goals was to bring design
and technology together. During the Bauhaus period, Fine art and craft were combined together and
aimed toward problem solving for an innovative, modern and industrial society. Nowadays, the
Bauhaus legacy continues in modern designs, such as minimalism, or design brands like IKEA. In
this essay, I will analyze Bauhaus's influence on modern design, including architecture and furniture
design by exploring different examples from different periods of time.
1. About the Bauhaus
I'd like to begin the essay by talking about the Bauhaus. In the book "50 Bauhaus icons", "The State
Bauhaus in Weimar was not only one of the earliest, but at the same time one of the most important
and successful schools of art and design." ( Strasser, 2009, 1)
Figure 1.
The Bauhaus School. Image downloaded from http://www.architectweekly.com/2012/12/why–was–
bauhaus–style–so–important.html
The school focused on using primary forms and colours, which include
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Biomems Devices Are Manufactured Using Similar...
BioMEMS devices are manufactured using similar microfabrication techniques as those used in
semiconductor processing (such as photolithography, thin–film deposition and etching ) to produce
the desired configuration of features, including traces (thin metal wires), vias (interlayer
connections), reservoirs, valves, and membranes. The interest in BioMEMS is growing rapidly, with
opportunities in areas such as biosensors, pacemakers, immunoisolation capsules, and drug delivery
[31]. Microcantilever is one of the most widely studied bioMEMS in the area of biosensors. It
converts surface–based biochemical interactions into mechanical signals. In particular, when
biomolecules immobilized on the cantilever surface undergo intermolecular reactions, such as
antibody–antigen interaction [32], hybridization of DNA interaction [33], receptor–ligand [34]; their
conformational change causes a change in the surface stress on the cantilever due to reduction
decrease in free energy. The deflection of the cantilever induced by the surface stress change
provides a direct measure of the biomolecular interaction. For instance, the steady–state cantilever
deflection can indicate the fraction of immobilized biomolecules that have bound to free analytes in
solution, while the time to reach steady–state reflects the rate constant of the specific binding [35].
When one surface of the cantilever undergoes a surface stress change, the cantilever bends
accordingly upward or downward depending on

Investigating Hooke 's Law And The Euler Bernoulli Bending...
In this lab, deflection and strain are measured in an attempt to confirm Hooke's law and the Euler–
Bernoulli bending beam theory. In addition, the measured data allows us to calculate the modulus of
elasticity (Young's Modulus) or E of the cantilever beam. Through the course of the experiment our
observations revealed that the addition of weights deformed the beam in response to the applied
stress. This deformation can be modeled using the Euler–Bernoulli beam bending theory. Our
experimentation and calculations revealed that our data did indeed prove the theories mentioned in
this lab. Furthermore, our values for the modulus of elasticity or E came within the range of
established values found online.
Engineering involves a wide array of problems that must be overcome. A great deal of time is spent
researching materials and their properties. Materials compromise all aspects of our society, from
buildings to roads to even the equipment that was used in this lab. Problems arise in regards to how
strong or flexible the material is, with the official terms being stress, strain, and elasticity. Improper
use of such materials results in tragedies such as the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington that
failed to due resonance and stress beyond its elastic limit [1].
This lab teaches us the importance of stress, strain, and elasticity. Their relationships are explored
through the deformation of a cantilever beam. Stress is introduced as weights and the beams
experiences strain.

Ib Physics Ia
IB Physics Internal Assessment
Andy Tang
Research Question
In this internal assessment, I am given a cantilever to find the physical properties of it. I decide to
investigate the relationship between the force I act on one side of the cantilever and the maximum
acceleration the tail can reach. This experiment will be also showing the elasticity of the cantilever.
Since I pull down one side of it and fixed the other side, when I cut the string, it will bounce up and
down until all the internal energy is depleted.
Text books
Newton meter
Accelerometer
Equilibrium line
Materials 1) A piece of cantilever that is made by acrylic plastic (length:35.2cm±0.1;
Width:4.0cm±0.1; thickness:0.2cm±0.1) 2) An accelerometer (sensor; ... Show more content on
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By considering the formula: Ep=kx2/2, when x (the displacement caused by deformation) cannot be
changed any more, the potential energy will not be changing. When there is no more energy added
into the system, the acceleration will not change.
Raw Data Table Force (N±0.05) | Acceleration (ms^–2)(±0.2) | | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | | max | min
| max | min | max | min | 0.75 | 22.3 | –18.5 | 21.2 | –15.3 | 25.7 | –26.1 | 1.00 | 40.6 | –36.3 | 36.9 | –
42.5 | 35.6 | –35.2 | 1.25 | 48.7 | –43.4 | 46.6 | –37.2 | 40.7 | –39.3 | 1.50 | 52.7 | –55.6 | 52.0 | –41.7 |
49.1 | –45.9 | 1.75 | 55.3 | –52.7 | 57.3 | –53.0 | 50.2 | –48.3 | 2.00 | 64.7 | –57.5 | 66.8 | –55.0 | 65.6 | –
56.1 | 2.25 | 69.8 | –59.7 | 67.3 | –61.2 | 65.3 | –63.2 | 2.50 | 78.0 | –63.8 | 68.0 | –63.8 | 64.3 | –62.8 |
2.75 | 74.7 | –63.8 | 83.8 | –63.8 | 83.7 | –63.2 | 3.00 | 83.8 | –63.8 | 83.1 | –63.8 | 83.6 | –63.8 |
Force uncertainty: The least count of the Newton meter that I used is 0.25N. Although the interspace
of each scale is wide enough for me to determine, I was not able to control the tension force which I
act on the Newton meter. This created the uncertainty of the force measurement. By noticing the
fluctuation of the indicator, I estimate the uncertainty of the force is about 0.05N.
Acceleration uncertainty: The data of the acceleration were

Rotary Card File
Rolodex Rotary Card File When Arnold Neustadter created the Rolodex Rotary Card File he
accomplished more than good functional design but created an aesthetically simple way to
effectively to store a surplus of information. Despite the technological revolution allowing for
digital file storing on computers, hard drives, cellphones, and even the cloud, the Rolodex has
continued to be a popular and important design object intrinsic to middle class civilians and
American businesses. In part, this is due to social cachet and the tactile nature of the Rolodex. The
Rolodex was a practical design solution to peripatetic middle class families. "Between 1948 and
1970, an estimated 20 percent of all Americans moved each year" so having disposable cards to
change addresses and phone numbers when someone moved ... Show more content on
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The Rolodex has continued to thrive even through the computer revolution because overtime the
Rolodex became associated with appeal and success due to the visual representation of the number
of contacts you have or what important contacts you have. "A lot of secretaries still keep it on the
desk [because the supposedly] don't want to interrupt their software programs," but it seems
plausible that an element of esteem and importance are still associated with having a large Rolodex
on your desk. Another aspect to the longevity of the Rolodex is the tactile nature of the design. The
process of touching, feeling, spinning, the Rolodex requires human contact to function but
simultaneously documents and facilitates human contact. This same tactile experience is part of the
reason consumers still purchase books, play vinyals, and use analog cameras despite the
technological advancements occurring year after year. Furthermore, the Rolodex is a design that is
still inherent in suburban culture due to its linger social cache and desirable tactile

Types Of Bridges : Bridges Essay
Types of Bridges On the basis o life bridges are classified in to two categories : 1) Temporary
Bridges 2) Permanent Bridges Temporary Bridges The bridges which can be constructed as well as
maintained at low cost and have short span of useful life are known as low cost or temporary
bridges. These bridges are usually made of timber. But they may also be constructed of steel wire,
old telegraph posts, hemp rope ,old rails etc. the useful lif of temporary bridges may be taken as 10
years. Necessity of constructing temporary Bridges:– a) When there is shortage of funds. b) When
there is shortage of time. c) When there is lack of resource and skill. d) When repair of permanent
bridges are to be carried out. e) When the construction of permanent bridges is to be facilitated. f)
When project surveys , in the interior of a stream or river , are to be carried out. g) When there is
temporary need of crossing the stream or river. Advantages and Disadvantages of temporary Bridges
1) The initial cost of these bridges is low. 2) The bridges are simple in there structural form and can,
therefore , be easily designed. 3) The bridges can be easily constructed. 4) The bridges require less
skill in their construction. 5) The bridges require light or no machinery in their construction. 6)
These bridges less time in their construction and thus can be easily constructed in case of
emergency. 7) These bridges can be maintained at low cost. 8) These bridges are most suitable in
case of

Dental Bridge Research Paper
According to cosmetic dentist when a person loses a tooth or has a tooth removed the result is a gap,
and this gap can cause a number of issues with your mouth. For one, the remaining teeth have the
availability to drift and shift which can affect one's bite. It can also cause soreness in the jaw, as well
as, cause the adjacent teeth to experience excessive wear. Drifting teeth poses a higher risk of gum
disease and tooth decay by allowing plaque to have more places to get trapped.
In order to avoid these conditions, as well as, the unattractive look that a missing tooth can pose,
many people prefer to have a missing tooth replaced by a dental implant by a cosmetic dentist. A
dental bridge is an alternative treatment that can be a viable solution ... Show more content on
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A cosmetic dentist will discuss which material would be best used in filling the gap from their
missing tooth. There are three commonly used dental bridges today for patients and professionals to
choose from, which are:
A Fixed Bridge – a fixed bridge fills a gap by connecting an artificial tooth between 2 dental
crowns. The crowns are used for support of the bridge and are cemented to the adjacent teeth of the
gap so that the artificial tooth looks and feels natural in the gapped space. A fixed bridge is not
removable.
A Maryland Bridge – a Maryland bridge is usually used for front teeth since they don't have as
much pressure applied to them, unlike the back teeth which do most of the chewing. A resin bonded
bridge, the Maryland bridge has metal wings or porcelain wings attached to the artificial tooth that
are bonded to the adjacent teeth on either side of the gapped area.
A Cantilever Bridge – a Cantilever bridge is also set into place by being bonded to an adjacent
tooth, similar to the fixed bridge. A cantilever bridge however is only bonded to a single tooth. It's
mainly used when there aren't teeth on both sides of the gapped

Portal Frame Analysis
University of Manchester
University of Manchester
NISHANT AGARWAL
The report primarily discusses results obtained from the conducted experiments and includes
computed data from the Kingston computer program. The value of the plastic moment capacity of
each experiment was obtained; Obtained value was used to find the yield strength of the structures
and compare them to typical values for mild steel. The important data is summarized in a table;
followed by a list of important formulae. All individual results are listed in the appendix at the end.
NISHANT AGARWAL
The report primarily discusses results obtained from the conducted experiments and includes
computed data from the Kingston computer program. The value of the ... Show more content on
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The computed value fy of 394.1 N/mm2, is within the required range of yield strength for mild steel,
i.e. (360 – 430 N/mm2).
NOTE: Before commencing the experiment, the cantilever strip was bent at about 20mm off its edge
to prevent the weight hanger from slipping off. The hanger was then loaded and deflections
measured till collapse of the cantilever arm.
2.2 Beam Mechanism:
Fig. 2.2(b) Plastic hinge formation, Beam mechanism
Fig. 2.2(b) Plastic hinge formation, Beam mechanism
Fig. 2.2(a) Portal Frame with Vertical Load
Fig. 2.2(a) Portal Frame with Vertical Load
From Plastic analysis,
Mp = 10.35 kN–mm (Beam Mechanism)
Mp = 10.35 kN–mm (Beam Mechanism)
Wl2θ = MP θ+ MP 2θ + MP θ
→ MP= Wl8
Notes & Comments:
Number of plastic hinges that should form are 4; Albeit, Moments at B, C, and D are greater than

those at fixed feet, and a beam mechanism forms in BCD. Therefore, only 3 plastic hinges are
formed. (Todd, 2000)
NOTE– The behavior is similar to a fixed ended beam.
Fig. (II.A) shows the formed plastic hinges on the collapsed portal frame due to vertical loading at
l2. Plastic hinges have been labeled in order of appearance.
The formula for moment capacity of the above mechanism has been calculated by the virtual work
method.
The computed value fy of 356.589 N/mm2, is within the required range of yield strength for mild
steel, i.e. (360 – 430 N/mm2).
Fig. (II.B) shows the

Experiment Using Fluid Flow And Study The Loading...
Team 15: Sohel Jiwani, Huanyu Lin, Lisa Nguyen, Yin Zhu
Problem 3 Report
Part 1 In the first part of our problem where we design an experiment using fluid flow to mimic and
study the loading conditions at the cellular level of a tissue involved in our strength activity which is
the squat, we decided to look at the endothelial cells that line the interior surface of the blood
vessels along the rectus femoris muscle tissue. To do this, we used the parallel–plate flow chamber
device. This device allows us to observe and analyze the shear stresses that the endothelial cells in
the blood vessels are subjected to over a period of time.
We preferred to use the parallel–plate flow chamber, or PPFC because this device is better at taking
into account fluids like blood and the inhomogeneity present in shear stresses. While we were using
the PPFC, the chamber's flow was a laminar flow and it was fully developed. Other properties of the
PPFC include the shear stress being constant for a given flow rate, Q. To begin using the PPFC, we
line the endothelial cells at the bottom plate and calculate the shear stress that these cells exhibit.
This calculation can be achieved through the following equation: The variables Q, μ, b, and h stand
for the volumetric flow rate, viscosity of the fluid, and the width and height of the chamber,
respectively. Using data from literature and incorporating them into our equation, we calculated the
shear stress: τ = 11.426 dyne/cm2.

Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Period of...
Investigation of the factors affecting the period of vibration of a weighted cantilever Introduction
The aim of the experiment is to find out how the period T of vibration of a weighted cantilever
depends on the vibrating length L. Hypothesis: Assume the relationship between the vibrating
period T and vibrating length L is in accord with the equation: T=kLn, where k and n are both
constant values. According to the hypothesis, the vibrating period T and vibrating length L is a
linear relationship, so we take logarithms on both sides of the equation. Then, we can get a new
equation, which is shown as the following: logT=logk＋nlogL Variables: In this experiment, the
independent variable is L, the length of vibration. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The result is shown in the following table. Table 5– logarithm of average time T and uncertainty
|Logarithm of length (L/m) |Logarithm of the average time (t/s) |uncertainty | | | | | |–0.52
|0.301±0.022 |±0.022 | |–0.46 |0.408±0.009 | | |–0.4 |0.486±0.007 | | |–0.35 |0.549±0.006 | | |–0.3
|0.609±0.006 | | |–0.26 |0.667±0.005 | | After getting the values logarithm of the average time with
the uncertainty, I use Microsoft Excel to plot this equation. Figure 1– log L VS log T [pic] Refer to
Figure 3, we can

Analysis Of Column 7L
During the initial site walk, cracking was observed on the north corbel of column 7B, as labeled on
the 2014 structural drawings for the site. During the renovations in 2014, steel columns were added
in the vicinity of the B line of columns in this area of the structure. Given that these new columns
may have been added to take additional stresses caused by the renovations and/or additions,
observation of the deteriorated conditions of this corbel warranted additional investigation of other
corbels in the area. This was not part of the original scope of work, but TKW has observed and
reported on the condition of some of these corbels as a courtesy to the client.
The first corbels inspected were at column 7B. Both the north and south ... Show more content on
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From this position, the northern corbel at column 5B appears to have similar conditions compared to
column 6B. A significant portion of the corbel has fallen off and is lying on top of the CMU wall in
that area (Figure 26). The bearing conditions look similar to column 6B, but exact measurements
were not possible. The condition of the beam bearing on the corbel was not visible, but padding for
bearing can be seen in the location.
At column 4B, the northern corbel has cracked significantly at one corner of the corbel (Figure 27).
The cracked portion is hanging from the corbel by a small section of concrete at the top of the
corbel. Due to spatial constraints, measurements could not be made, but the section of concrete
hanging from the corbel appears to be about ½in thick. Small pieces of concrete were found on the
ground in this area, suggesting that the corbel is slowly deteriorating. Bearing pads appear to be in
use on the southern corbel only, which shows no signs of deterioration.
The northern corbel at column 3B is beginning to crack along one of its corners (Figure 28). Spatial
constraints did not permit actual measurements, but the crack appears to be 0.012in – 0.025in wide.
Due to the presence of drywall in the area, it is difficult to gauge the depth of the crack as the
attached drywall could be helping to holding the concrete in place. The southern corbel does not
exhibit any signs of deterioration. Bearing pads appear to be utilized on both corbels.

Nanorobots in Cancer Treatment
NANOINFORMATICS (Nano robots In CANCER Detection and Treatment) A DREAM COME
TRUE [pic] PREPARED BY B.BALAGURU D.MANIGANDAN III–YEAR–CSE III–YEAR–CSE
panditbalaguruji@gmail.com manigandan8228@gmail.com 9655729357 9626083389 ABSTRACT
HEALING THE BODY FROM THE INSIDE OUT CANCER –one of the most deadly diseases
which primarily starts at the cellular level. To be more specific they start at the molecular level. At
this molecular level, even the finest scalpel is like a huge instrument designed more to rip and tear
than to heal and cure. The traditional methods that are available today to detect and treat cancer
damages many of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[pic] NANOMEDICINE: The emerging field of nano robotics is aimed at overcoming the
shortcomings present in the traditional way of treatment of patients. The medicine and nano robotics
polls within the purview of nanotechnologies. Our bodies are filled with intricate, active molecular
structures. When those structures are damaged, health suffers. Modern medicine can affect the work
of the body in many ways. Molecular manufacturing can construct a range of medical instruments
and devices with greater abilities machines. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION OF NANOROBOTICS
AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN PATIENT CARE: The enormous potential in the biomedical
capabilities of nano robots and the imprecision and side effects of medical treatments today make
nano robots very desirable. Traditional medical treatment for cancer involves ➢ Surgery ➢ Drug
Therapy SURGERY: Surgery is a direct, manual approach to fixing the body. Surgery is dangerous
since anesthetics, infections, organ rejection and missed cancer cells can all cause failure. DRUG
THERAPY: It affects the body at the molecular level. Drug molecules are dumped into the body
where they are transported by the circulatory system. They may come into contact with un–targeted
parts of the body and lead to unwanted side effects. But

Boomilever
Boomilever Project
Team "Truss Me"
Amanda Resha
Ridge Coffman
ENGR 2110–01
Engineering Statics
November 24, 2014
Table of Contents
3 – Report 3 – Introduction 3 – Literary Review 3 – Frist Design 4 – Second Design 4 – Final
Design 5 – Conclusion
6 – References
7 – Appendix
Introduction: The purpose of the Boomilever Project is to build a cantilevered truss that is light–
weight while still able to support 15 kilograms. With this project it serves to reinforce the
cumulative concepts that have been taught throughout this semester of Engineering Statics. It has
been necessary to research designs, types of wood, and types of adhesive that will create a final
result that is consistent with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(See pages 7 and 10 for design and calculations) Second Design: After the analysis on the first
design brought to light the zero for members, it was decided that these members should be removed.
In order to combat the flex of such a simple design the decision was made to double the thickness.
This design would have the same outer frame of two triangles with a height of 20 centimeters and a
width of 40 centimeters. Instead of being spaced five centimeters apart the wood be bonded directly
together using Gorilla Glue. Balsa wood, a very lightweight wood with properties similar to a dense
foam, was used for the main supporting member. Basswood, a lightweight yet firm wood, was used
for the horizontal member. The final design added a triple layer sheet of balsa wood to rear side of
the truss. This balsa sheet was added for the purpose of mounting and supporting the main structure.
Additionally, a five centimeter square frame of bass wood was added at the end of the boomilever to

place the loading block for testing. Once this design was implemented two key issues were
discovered. First, due to the properties of the bass wood and balsa wood it was obvious that the
placement needed to be reversed. The bass wood should be used for the hypotenuse and the balsa
wood should be used for the

design of cable stayed bridge
Analysis and Design of Cable Stayed Bridge
Abstract
Of the newly–built bridges, cable–stayed bridges are today very common worldwide for spans
ranging between 200 and 900 meters. A cable stayed bridge has one or more towers (Pylons) from
which the cables support the deck. This paper provides modelling, analysis and design of a
prestressed harp type single pylon cable stayed bridge using MIDAS Civil.
Keywords: cable stayed, box girder, prestressing, MIDAS Civil
Introduction
Of the newly–built bridges, cable–stayed bridges are today very common worldwide for spans
ranging between 200 and 900 meters. A cable stayed bridge has one or more towers (Pylons) from
which the cables support the deck.
There are two major classes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pedestrian live load(PLL)–
The foot path loading shall be as per clause 209 of IRC:6 with intensity of loading equal to 500
kg/m².
Wind load for cable stayed bridge:
According to IS:875 (part 3)–1987
Wind loads on live loads (WL)–
The lateral wind force against moving live loads shall be considered as acting at 1.5 m above the
roadway and shall be assumed equal to 300 kg/m.
Creep and Shrinkage(C &S)
Creep and shrinkage effects to be considered as per CEB–FIP code for cable stayed bridge
Earthquake loads
Rajasthan is located in seismic zone II. The horizontal seismic coefficient in longitudinal direction
will be calculated by IS 1893:2002
Construction loads:
Normal vertical loads–
A construction load of 50 kg/m2 shall be considered during cantilever erection.
Weight of the traveler form is assumed to be equal to 85 tons.
An impact of 10 % shall be considered for the moving construction loads.
MIDAS MODEL of box:(Half span)

Loadings:
Results and discussions:
Fz
My
Deflection
Results and discussions
Various results for bending moment and
References
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (Third Edition, 2005 Interim Revisions);
AASHTO – Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design ( 2nd edition – 2000);
AASHTO – Guide Specifications for Design & Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges
(1999);
IRC:6–2000 Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section II, Loads &
stresses (4th

The Aircraft Wings Are The Primary Lift Producing Device...
The aircraft wings are the primary lift producing device for an aircraft. The aircraft wings are
designed aerodynamically to generate a lift force which is required in order for an aircraft to fly. The
basic goal of the wing is to generate lift and minimize drag as far as possible.
When the airflow passes the wing at any suitable angle of attack, a pressure differential is created. A
region of lower pressure is created over the top surface of the wing while, a region of higher
pressure is created under the surface of the wing. This difference in pressure creates a differential
force which acts upward, which is called lift.
For most aircrafts, where, the wings are the primary structures to generate lift, the aircraft 's wings
must generate sufficient lift to carry the entire weight of an aircraft. In modern commercial, fighter
and jet aircraft, the aircraft wings are not only designed to provide the necessary lift during the
different phases of flight, but also have a variety of other roles and functions.
Wing Support:
Cantilevered –All the structure is buried under the aerodynamic skin, giving a clean appearance
with low drag.
A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a
(usually vertical) support from which it is protruding. When subjected to a structural load, the
cantilever carries the load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear
stress.Cantilever construction allows for overhanging

Physics : Atomic Force Microscopy
ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY 1. Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy An atomic force
microscope (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscope (SPM). An AFM uses a cantilever with a
probe to scan over a sample's surface. The probe is a sharp tip (3 to 6 m pyramid; 15 to 40 nm end
radius) such as the one shown in Fig. 1. As the tip of the AFM approaches the surface, at close
range, attractive forces between the sample surface and the tip of the AFM causes the cantilever to
deflect towards the surface. As the cantilever moves close to the surface, when the tip tends to make
contact with it, increasingly repulsive forces take over and causes the cantilever to deflect away
from the surface. A laser beam is used to detect cantilever movements towards or away from the
surface. The laser beam is reflected back from the cantilever to a position–sensitive photo diode
(PSPD). The deflections due to the interaction between the tip and the sample's surface causes slight
changes in the angle with which the laser beam reflects off the cantilever as shown in Fig. 2. This
change in the angle of reflected beam is detected by the PSPD. Thus, if the tip passes over a
depression on the sample, the resulting deflection of the cantilever causes a change in the angle and
direction at which the laser beam reflects from the cantilever to the PSPD. AFM uses a feedback
loop to continuously control the position of the tip (Fig. 3). By controlling the tip, an accurate
surface imaging and topographic

Wooden Truss Bridge
The most common types are the beam bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cantilever bridges,
cable–style, and the kind I am going to research is truss bridge.
Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest bridge; it is in china.
The first welded bridge was designed by polish engineer Stefan Bryla.
The longest suspension bridge in the world (from 2010) is the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Kobe Japan.
Allan truss is based on the Howe truss. The first one was finished on 13 August 1894.
Bailey truss was made for the military, with many different styles. Baltimore truss was like the Pratt
truss but it has more bracing on the bottom to stop buckling.
Bollman truss had many independent tension elements that makes a strong bridge which is easy to
assemble.
Burr arch truss that is a combination of an arch and truss which gives a strong bridge. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
K truss has beams that form the letter k in each panel.
Long truss is like the Howe truss but made of wood and usually is a covered bridge.
Parker truss is like the pratt truss but has a polygonal upper chord.
If that chord has five segments it is called a camelback truss.
The pegram truss has chords that are wider at the bottom but the same length at the top.
Pratt truss has members and angels that slope downward to the center. Many different types that are
based on this are used for the railroads.
Vierendeel truss has rectangular members instead of triangular.
Warren truss has members joined only by angled cross–members. This forms equilateral truss. It is
light and strong and makes an economical truss.
The Quebec bridge is the world's longest cantilever bridge.
The longest continuous bridge is lake pontchartrain causeway in southern

Deflection Of Cantilever Beam Lab Report
INTRODUCTION: The study of large deflection of cantilever beam comes from theory of elasticity.
Theory of elasticity state that "solid material will deform under the application of an external force
it will again regain their original position when external force is removed is referred to as elasticity".
We took beam made of nickel titanium alloy which regain their original shape after removing
external force act on the beam. It's a prismatic circular cross section beam. Initial shape and
curvature of nickel titanium alloy depend upon its length and self–weight of the beam large
deflection of combined loading was proposed by kyongoo lee [1] finding deflection of non–linear
elastic cantilever beam and solved governing equation using numerical integration of one–
parameter shooting method. Bishop and drucker [2] investigate large deflection of cantilever beam
of linear elastic material. We are using nitinol (nickel titanium alloy) beam it's having a low
modulus of elasticity (E) which shows good spring back behavior which regain its original shape
after removing external load. Who's bending stiffness is low compared to other material like
stainless steel. Due to this property at very low external load large deflection take place in the beam.
We are going to find the deflection in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This bending moment equation was only valid when the entire point load is in same direction. In
this paper we are dealing about single segment continuum robot and the load experienced on each
disk are dependent upon load provided at end disk through secondary back bone and the direction of
each disk was also depend upon end point load direction. Important assumption
p>p1>p2>p2>p3..........>pn point load pat free end of the beam must be greater than p1 which is
present next to point load at distance L1 same will be followed to one

Simple Lab Report Essay
Objectives
There were several different objectives for this lab. It introduced the thermomechanical properties of
thermoplastics, and provide familiarity with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of thermoplastics.
These DMA results were interpreted using time temperature superposition (TTS) and the master
curve as a design tool, this could be used to determine the linear viscoelastic range and observe the
creep behaviour of high density polyethylene (HDPE). Gaining familiarity with dynamic properties
of HDPE was also intended for this lab.
Experimental Procedure
The material used for testing was HDPE. Two sample types were used, one quenched in water and
another cooled slowly at a rate of 1°C per minute.
All testing was carried out using DMA with a cantilever setup. Two different tests were carried out.
For the first test, the HDPE was held at a constant temperature of 31°C and varying stresses were
applied for two seconds at a time, during which the strain in the sample was recorded.
For the second test, a constant stress of 5MPa was applied while the temperature was increased
inside the furnace of the DMA setup. This was achieved by heating the sample to one temperature
for 10 minutes and holding at that temperature while the constant stress was applied, then heating
again and holding, and so on. Strain was again recorded at constant time intervals for each
temperature.
Results
Figure 1 below is an isochronal graph showing the results of creep testing the sample of HDPE

Dental Bridge Procedures
If your teeth are stained, missing, chipped, or otherwise damaged, visit Sunrise Dental and ask your
dentist about crowns and bridges in Raleigh, Durham, Cary, and Chapel Hill, NC. These dental
treatments are designed to help our patients look – and feel – their best. Contact us today to set up
an appointment.
What Are Dental Crowns & Caps?
Crowns often serve as a way of restoring strength and beauty to cracked, worn, and broken teeth,
whether the result of teeth grinding, decay, age, or improper bite. Crowns not only get rid of
cosmetic issues on teeth by covering the entire surface of the affected tooth, but they also effectively
reinforce and stabilize the damaged or weakened areas.
Dental Crown Procedure
Creating and placing crowns ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cantilever bridge consists of an artificial tooth that is fused to two crowns on one side of the
gap. The Maryland bonded bridge utilizes plastic teeth and gums and metal wire. The metal support
is bonded to the existing teeth to provide extra support for the artificial teeth and gums, which are in
turn fused to the metal wire. Implant–supported bridges are anchored into the mouth using – you
guessed it – dental implants.
Dental Bridge Procedure
The procedure to place dental bridges first requires one of our dentists at Sunrise Dental to make
molds or take digital impressions of the natural teeth that will be supporting the crowns. The
finished crowns are bonded to the artificial tooth, then cemented onto the appropriate teeth. We can
help you decide which bridge option is best for you based on your specific needs and circumstances.
Make An Appointment
You can schedule an appointment by calling one of our convenient locations. You can find their
numbers here. You can also send us a message using our online form. We will be happy to help you
get the restoration you need to function properly once

Technology Of The Optical Communications Industry
Microelectromechanical systems have found wide commercial applications owing to the research
and development in this field. For example, arrays of micromechanical mirrors are greatly used in
the optical communications industry. Other uses of micromechanical systems include Ink–jet
printers and accelerometers which are used in the automobile industry. Advancement in the silicon
based fabrication technology has made it possible for a range of MEMs sensors and actuators to be
put to practical use. MEMs devices range between a few micrometers to a few hundred
micrometers. Planar processing technology has made it possible to control a large number of devices
in an integrated fashion. With the advancement in science and technology we are now seeing many
new and improved applications of Nanoelectromechanical systems in various field. With the
decrease in the size of many mechanical devices in terms of thickness and mass, we have been able
to achieve an increased resonant frequency and low force constants. The sizes of NEMs devices
vary between a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers depending upon the application of the
device. The prevalence sophisticated fabrication technologies has led to the decrease in the size of
devices. NEMs devices find a wide range of applications as sensors, displays, for data storage and in
medicine.
The medical world currently depends on the analysis DNA microarray, nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for disease

Spirometer Research Papers
Abstract–This paper presents a new approach towards the development of a spirometer–on–chip
device for point–of–care (PoC) diagnostics. The proposed device consists of a cantilever based
airflow sensor fabricated through a Multi–User MEMS process (MUMPS). The deflection of each
cantilever beam is measured using capacitive electrodes integrated on a single semiconductor chip.
These electrodes are connected to an off–chip custom–made readout interface circuit for the
measurement of minute capacitive changes and for the acquisition of data into a computer. Herein,
we discuss and demonstrate the characterization results of such a system using a low complexity
air–based technique. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability of these devices ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fundamentally, this ushers the opportunity to realize a single chip capable of replacing an entire
diagnostic system present in contemporary clinical laboratories or hospitals. Among various clinical
applications, the focus of this paper is placed on the development of a novel spirometer for lung
disease sensing purposes. Lung diseases such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP)
disease affect the airways and cause inabilities to exhale normally. A spirometer is the most reliable
tool for lung disease and with 100 million sufferers approximated worldwide [9] has the potential to
improve care for significant numbers. Commercially available spirometers for measuring
complicated lung functions are bulky, expensive and not suitable for PoC lung disease monitoring.
Also the available spirometers in the market require disposable parts. Indeed the development of a
mobile free–breathing easy–to–use spirometer for frequent (e.g. daily) measurement of lung status is
the key challenge to diagnosis and control of the disease in its early stages. To date many papers
have reported the design and implementation of micro–sensors for airflow or air–velocity
measurement using micromachining techniques [10–11]. Among these, Chen et al. reported the
design and implementation of an array of hot–wires

The Truss Bridge By David Plowden
Truss bridge
By the early twentieth century the truss bridge reflected many of the qualities of America 's
industrial society: mass manufactured, steel–made, practical and unglamorous, sturdy and
dependable, cost–competitive, and highly versatile. Such structures were wrote by David Plowden
in his splendid Bridges: The Spans of North America, "appropriate icons to our industrialization."
For the developing state of Oklahoma, steel trusses held symbolic value too, for they provided
tangible proof to a wider world of economic possibilities.
The Principle upon that the triangle is the strongest and most rigid engineering shape. By arranging
the framework of triangles in patterns that change from design to design, the structure acquired
different appearances and served different targets depending on the needs of bridge building. The
pony truss is the smallest type and usually limited to lengths under 140 feet. It is distinguished by its
low profile and absence of bracing above the roadway with most under 100 feet. The through truss
by comparison is greater in length and height and consists of a tunnel–like structure that carries
traffic through a system of overhead bracing which ties together the upper chords of the bridge. In
the initial stages of it's evolution, the truss takes the form of a king post a simple triangular shape,
usually composed of timber with iron hardware, divided by a single vertical post connecting top and
bottom chords. You can make the Warren truss

Ap Psychology Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Bending
Bending: Bending (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element
subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element.
Bending stress: Bending stresses are those that bend the beam because of beam self–load and
external load acting on it.
Beam is a structural member which is subjected to transverse load only.
Support and its types
Support is important aspect of structure while solving any any problem , support specify that how
the forces within structure is transffered to the ground. It ultimetly tells us the boundary conditions
while solving any finite element model.various supports are Fixed support–A fixed support is the
most rigid support. It constrains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Beam and max deflection of beams:
Beam type Loading on beam Maximum deflection on beam
Cantilever Beam with load P at the free end _max= (P l^3)/3EI
Cantilever Beam with UDL _max= (w l^4)/(8 EI)
Simply Supported beam with load P at the centre _max= (P l^3)/(48 EI)
Simply Supported beam with UDL _max= (5w l^4)/(384 EI)
Types of load– two types of loads are given below Workshop 6 beam with all cases
Pure bending is a condition of stress where a bending moment is applied to a beam without the
presence of axial, shear or torsional forces.
Theory of simple bending(Assumptions) Material of beam is homogenous and Isotropic, Constant E
in all direction Youngs Modulus will be constant in compression and tension. Transverse sections
which are plain before bending remains plain after bending i.e eliminate strains in other directions.
Initially beam is straight and all longitudinal filaments bend in circular arcs. Radius of curvature is
larger compared with the Dimension of the cross section. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or
contract otherwise they will generate internal

Trends Of Energy Harvesting : Introduction
Trends of Energy Harvesting
Introduction
Wireless sensor network
Wireless sensor networks are the networks that gather information such as environmental
information, which there are numbers of applications of WSN such as healthcare, building
monitoring, forest fire, smart home etc. WSN is capable of sensing, processing and communicating
independently. However, as most of the sensor nodes are powered by non–rechargeable battery, the
limitation of energy supply has considerably reduced the lifetime of the sensor network. Hence, new
designs of sensor node network and energy efficient MAC (Media Access Control) and protocols for
long term autonomous monitoring wireless sensor network has become the next vision.
The designing of WSN has become more and more challenging, as the size of the nodes kept
shrinking and the need of reducing power consumption. Duty cycle allows the node to gather data
and transmit with less energy consumption, but sometimes that also inducted delays. A higher
current will be drawn by the sensor node when it is awake, hence duty cycle has been introduced to
reduce the energy consumption of the node. An average ultralow power microcontroller consumes
51μA/MHz in transceiving mode and 0.5μA in standby mode. Some WSN monitor slow
environment changes which only require a low duty cycle and hence a power requirement. For those
applications, the WSN nodes can be in sleep mode for most of the time and only wakes up when it
is scheduled to transmit/receive

The Physics Of Atomic Force Microscopy
Abstract
Atomic Force Microscopy was the method used to analyze samples inorder to identify their surface
composition and determine their top structure. Compiled data was used to calculate the roughness of
the sample. Introduction
Atomic Force Microscopy is a powerful tool used to identify the surface structure of a solid by
contouring the top layer with a sharp tipped probe and amplifying the hills and troughs via laser
reﬂection and detection. Piezoelec–tric materials are used to ﬁnely tune the x and y distance
parameters, and a harmonic oscillator is utilized in close contact mode to move the cantilever in the
z direction. A Scanning Probe Microscopy program processes the data and calculates the roughness
of the sample
Background
Gustav Schmalz designed the first Optical Profiler in 1929 in Germany. He ran a probe attached to a
cantilever across the surface, shined white light to a mirror attached to the probe, and amplified the
signal to photographic film. The film was exposed to the reflected light of various wavelengths,
causing multiple colors to show up on the film, corresponding to varying heights on the surface.
This older design was subject to possible bending or crashing of the probe, causing a much lower
resolution of the surface on the film. Refer to Figure 1.

How The Right Type Of Retaining Wall ( Full Cantilever,...
Aims of the essay
In civil engineering, and more accurately in geotechnical engineering, it can appear that not only
one technical solution fits the main design conditions. It's in these situations that the judgement and
experiences of engineers are valuable to find out the technical solution which matches perfectly in
terms of cost, time, risks and sustainability. This engineering discussion aims to provide a good
understanding on how the right type of retaining wall (full cantilever, free or fixed earth support)
can be made. Introduction of the three different designs:
To begin, a quick introduction of the different type of design which gives an overview of the design
conditions and outcome of the three different types of design discussed in this essay.
Full Cantilever: o Design conditions:
– No anchor, tie or bracing.
–
– o Outcome: –Highest section modulus
–Deepest penetration
Fixed Earth Support: o Design conditions: –An anchor, tie or bracing providing support in the wall.
– – o Outcome:
–The minimum section modulus
–Second deepest penetration
–The lowest tie force
Free Earth Support: o Design conditions:
–This method assumes that there is an anchor, tie or bracing providing some support in the wall.
–
– o Outcome: –Second highest section modulus
–The shallowest depth of penetration
–The highest tie force
Economic, Time & Programme considerations
First of all, engineers must consider the cost of technical solutions used very

The Truss Bridge By David Plowden
The truss bridge reflected many of the qualities of America 's industrial society by the early
twentieth century: steel–made, mass manufactured, practical and unglamorous, sturdy and
dependable, cost–competitive, and highly versatile. Such structures were, wrote David Plowden in
his splendid Bridges: The Spans of North America, "appropriate icons to our industrialization." For
the developing state of Oklahoma, steel trusses held symbolic value too, for they provided tangible
proof to a wider world of economic possibilities.
The Principle upon which all trusses rely is that the triangle is the strongest and most rigid
geometric Figure. By arranging the framework of triangles in patterns that varied from designer to
designer, the structure acquired different appearances and served different purposes depending on
the needs of bridge builders. The pony truss, the smallest type and ordinarily confined to lengths
under 140 feet, with most under 100 feet, is distinguished by its low profile and absence of bracing
above the roadway. The through truss by comparison is greater in length and height and consists of a
tunnel–like structure that carries traffic through a system of overhead bracing which ties together the
upper chords of the bridge. In the initial stages of it's evolution, the truss took the form of a king
post, a simple triangular shape, usually composed of timber with iron hardware, divided by a single
vertical post connecting top and bottom chords. You can make

AM 317 Experiment 1 Essay
AM 317
MECHANICS LAB
EXPERIMENT 1
BEAM DEFLECTIONS
TEST PERFORMED: FEBRUARY 4, 2015
REPORT SUBMITTED: FEBRUARY 11, 2015
BY
HAGOP MERTEKHANIAN
Student I.D # 105200288
Wednesday 7:00 pm
GROUP 1
ABSTRACT
Deflections of a beam are important to be able predict the amount of deflection for a given loading
situation. This experiment addresses determining the yield point for a material to fail, so the stress in
the material does not have to reach to that point. This is where understanding beam deflection
becomes a useful tool. This experiment is using beam deflection theory to evaluate and compare
observed deflection per load values to theoretical values. Beam deflection experiment done by four
parts. Part 1 –Simple Supported Bean, part ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).
L–length of the beam.(IN) a– distance from beginning of the beam to the reference point (IN)
P–single applied concentrated load.(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).
Test Procedures
Part 1– Simple Supported Beam
1. Calibrate the micrometer.
2. Measure the dimensions and record them.
3. Calculate area moment of inertia (I) using the equation–4
4. Calculate maximum permissible loads for mid–span using equation–3,where maximum stress =

18,000 psi
5. Calculate maximum permissible loads for quarter–span using equation–3, where maximum stress

Unit 11 Bridge Building Project
Bridge Building Project
By Maryum Sheikh Hi, my name is Maryum and the bridges that I researched about are the Golden
Gate Bridge, the Batman Bridge, the Auckland Harbor Bridge, the Bixby Creek Bridge, and the
Quebec Bridge.
First, I would like to tell you about the Golden Gate Bridge. I'm pretty sure many of you may know
about this bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge and was built in San Francisco,
California in 1937. The Golden Gate Bridge spans or crosses the Golden Gate strait which is a mile
wide and 3 miles long. The weight of the roadway is hung from 2 cables that pass through two main
towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. There
are 80,000 miles of wire in the main cables. These cables help support the bridge because of the big
distance. The bridge also has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets. So my opinion about the bridge
is that it is a very well made bridge and it also has a very good design.
The second bridge I will be talking about is the Batman Bridge. The Batman Bridge is a cable–stay
bridge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Quebec Bridge is a cantilever bridge with the structure of a riveted steel truss. The Quebec
Bridge was built in Quebec City in Canada in 1917. The Quebec Bridge spans or crosses the Saint
Lawrence River. The Quebec Bridge failed twice and the cost was of 88 lives. The bridge was
successfully made in 1917 after the 2 attempts. The Quebec Bridge is 987 m long, 29 m wide, and
104 m high. The cantilever arms are 177 m long and support a 195 m central structure, for a total
span of 549 m the Quebec Bridge is still the longest cantilever bridge span in the world. It was the
all–categories longest span in the world until the Ambassador Bridge was completed in 1929. It is
the easternmost complete crossing of the Saint Lawrence River. My opinion about the Quebec
Bridge is that it is very well made bridge and is pretty

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bridge
This report aims to examine the advantages and shortcomings of four different types of bridge,
namely the truss, suspension, beam, and cantilever bridges. Secondly, it evaluates three forces that
act upon these bridges ㅡ compression, tension, and shear ㅡ and how each kind of bridge handles
the forces. Lastly, it includes a explanation of the Tacoma Bridge incident and a description of the
author's bridge.
Since tension, compression, and shear are to be discussed for each kind of bridge, here are
definitions for those forces. Tension acts to expand or lengthen the thing upon which it is acting
(Basics). Compression, the opposite of tension, is a force that attempts to compress or shorten
whatever it is acting upon (Basics). Another force, shear, occurs when two forces move in opposite
directions on the bridge (Discovery). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the middle parts of these bridges, there is only one side support, making it weaker than other
sections of the bridge (NYLN). On this type of bridge, tension and compression are the main forces.
When there is a load, the bridge experiences tension in the upper part of the cantilever span and
compression in the span under the deck (Hagler). As long as these forces remain balanced, the
bridge functions well, but, for example, if the compression force becomes more than the tension
force, then the lower supports of the bridge could collapse (Hagler). Though not as prominent a
force, shear still acts upon cantilever bridges when a load passes along the "suspended deck;" since
the deck is not supported by a beam underneath and has only one side support, it is the weakest
point of the bridge (Hagler). The load, in addition to gravity, pushes downward while the beams on
either side of it push back upwards; the cantilever of the bridge distributes this force on the deck so
that it does not collapse

Essay about Physics Cantilever Lab
Independent Assessment Physics Lab (SL): Cantilever Flexion
Cherno Okafor
Mr. Ebrahimi
SPH4U7
October 21st, 2012
Introduction
Purpose: The purpose of this Physics Lab is to investigate what factors determine the amount of
flexion of the cantilever. Hence, the objective is to establish a relationship between the length of a
cantilever, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.
Hypothesis: If one increases the length of a cantilever, one would expect there to be an increase in
deflection/flexion of the cantilever. Similarly, if one increases the mass of the load, one would
expect there to be an increase in the deflexion/flexion of the cantilever. In addition, I predict that
proportionality will also occur ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Dependent Variable: The deflection/flexion of the cantilever in metres. This will be measured
indirectly by measuring the initial height of the bottom of the cantilever with no mass added (which
is equal to the height of the table) and the new height of the bottom of the cantilever after each trial,
which will be measured with mass added. Hence, the difference between these heights is equal to
the deflection/flexion of the cantilever. The material and other physical properties of the cantilever
will be controlled by using the same yardstick as a cantilever for each trial.
Data Collection and Processing
My experiment is divided into two parts; experiment A (involving the relationship between flexion
and the mass of the load) and experiment B (involving the relationship between the flexion and the
length of the cantilever).
Below are two tables in which I have recorded the data which I obtained during the experiment. The
first table reflects the Relationship between the deflection/flexion of the cantilever and the mass of
the load and the second table reflects the relationship between the flexion of the cantilever and the
length of the cantilever.
(i) Relationship between the deflection/flexion of the cantilever and the load mass (5 trials)

Cheap Patio Umbrella
Cheap Patio Umbrella – A patio umbrella may really cost effective approach liven up your yard and
complement your experience. Think about it, so what can you purchase for under $100 that may do
the same? Maybe you have invested over a wonderful deck or patio set collection. Perhaps you have
a share with ornaments and wonderful poolside chairs. Oh, this indicates you've the entire outside
experience in order. Maybe, but have you forgotten regarding the water and the sun? These expected
forces of character may ruin a nice tiny exterior gathering– a lot of sunshine and nonstop either burn
or sweat, and everything is only ruined by rains. Outdoor Umbrella Sure, an outdoor umbrella is not
a roof. It might not pass as a small gazebo. But umbrella is umbrella. Not or recognize it, those
amazing small gadgets give us with temporary protection. Expand threefold or those ingenious tiny
units twofold and you shelter just as folks. As well as their obvious attributes that were sheltering,
some contemporary types have built method for tilting rods which means you is now able to aim
how you stop the sunlight. There is an outdoor umbrella normally based above an outdoor patio
fixed–a desk with maybe more or three chairs. It can be a semi–permanent ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Much of this is determined by your home's present design cues. However, because of the numerous
designs available, it's extremely hard not to find the one that matches your home. Color and
structure possibilities of the primary textile alone may give method to numerous alternatives. And as
stated you can select one that hangs from a rail or stands on its own. A standing system also can
sometimes be the typical rod–in–the– midst design or perhaps a cantilever design. A cantilever style
can be an extremely stylish installation. It is the one that appears like a lamppost–the main pole
reaches the medial side as opposed to the

Hba1c Lab Report
Bio–nanomechanical Detection of Diabetic Marker HbA1c Introduction–: In the blood stream are
the red blood cells, which are made of a molecule, haemoglobin. Glucose sticks to the haemoglobin
to make a 'glycosylated haemoglobin' molecule, called haemoglobin A1C or HbA1C. The more
glucose in the blood, the more haemoglobin A1C or HbA1C will be present in the blood. Red cells
live for 8 – 12 weeks before they are replaced. By measuring the HbA1C it can tell us how high our
blood glucose has been on average over the last 8–12 weeks. In a normal non–diabetic HbA1C is
less than 5.5%. Diabetes may be defined as having an HbA1c > 48mmol/mol (6.5%). Slide 2
Method–: The method employed the development of an ultrasensitive immunosensor

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Hopper
CHAPTER 3: Implementation
3.1) Prototype
3.2) Construction and Working
In this machine, the hopper consists of mixture of the sand, cement and water is placed over the
semi–open type radial impeller. The impeller is connected with the electric motor through shaft. The
power is supplied to the electric motor. Now appropriate quantity of slurry is fed to the impeller
through hopper. Now due to the rotation of impeller slurry is displaced by the application of
centrifugal force & it will acts on the wall with required velocity.
3.3) Components Semi–open type Radial impeller
Electric motor
Hopper
Handle
Casing
Bearings
3.4 ) Material selection
Components Materials
Semi–open type Radial impeller Aluminum, Titanium
Electric motor –
Hopper
Galvanized Iron Sheet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Improved worker health and safety through a reduction in the manual handling involved in the
normally exhausting and repetitive plastering process. Through introduction of innovative
technology, the plastering trade will become a more attractive career choice. Improved plastering
quality and decreasing the plastering time.

Features of automatic wall plastering machine which overcome the limitations of existing machines:
There is no requirement of air compressor, pumps, and nozzles as compared with other machines.
There is less maintenance is required because of lesser number of components. Easy to operate
even, Single worker can operate the machine. It is less expensive than existing machines. It will
avoid wastages of the mortar, thus to save the cost.
Disadvantages Process takes long time Consumes additional human power The labour cost increase
skilled workers are required Low quality work Wastage of material is high
4.2)

How Technology Has Changed The World Today
In this research paper i will be talking about bridges and their importance to the world today. I will
also go into detail on how bridges were in the past and how the first bridges were made by nature. I
will compare bridges from the past to how technology has changed the way bridges are built today
in the modern era. The more we advance in technology the more ca–pabilities we have too make
bridges that support so much more weight. As the improvements are made bridges are just becoming
safer and more reliables. I will mention 5 different kinds of bridges the beam bridge, arch bridge,
cantilever bridge,cable stayed bridge, and the suspension bridge. I will go into depth on how each
one of these bridges it's designed and the purpose of that certain bridge.
Bridges
Bridges they come in many different shapes and sizes every bridge has a purpose and is unique in
it's own way. A bridge is a structure that provides a passageway over obstacles such as rough terrain,
valleys or bodies of water by stretching across these obstacles. There are many dif–ferent kinds of
bridges and they all serve a purpose. A lot of people rely on a bridge on a daily basis and they have
to put their faith in the engineer that designed the bridge and hope that the bridge is safe. I will go
into detail about the origins of bridges, the different types of bridges, and how shapes help support
the structure of the bridge.
Origins of Bridges
Bridges have been in existence since

An Introduction To Tuned Vibration Absorbers?
In advanced applications, the design of some structures, such as those in spacecraft, jet fighters and
automobiles which require lightweight strength and have highly structural damping properties, is
faced with great difficulty due to the fact that the decreased weight results in low rigidity and reacts
with vibration characteristics. Vibration must be effectively controlled, otherwise it could be
uncomfortable for humans, increase fatigue, cause instability and could result in damage to the
entire system (Sharma et al., 2011). Tuned Vibration Absorbers (TVAs) are important engineering
tools for vibration suppression. They can be passive, semi–active or active vibration control devices
(Sun et al., 1995). Tuned Vibration Absorbers without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shan et al. (2009) investigated F2MC tubes for autonomous structural tailoring. They analysed a 3D
analytical model of a single F2MC tube consisting of an inner liner layer and an outer composite
laminate layer. This was followed by experimental tests for validation. The results show a good
agreement. In their design space study, they found that the maximum modulus ratio can be obtained
either using a composite laminate fibre angle (α ≈ 20°), by decreasing the F2MC tube thickness, or
by increasing the fluid bulk modulus.
Philen (2010) developed a theoretical model of a F2MC system that plots the dynamics of FMC
tube, servo–valve and fluid flow rate through it, by using linearized equations of motion. The
experimental results showed that the desired force displacement curve can be tracked in the F2MC
system by valve control.
Vashisth et al. (2013) evaluated a three–layered F2MC tube which was two millimetres in diameter,
manufactured in polyurethane reinforced with braided stainless steel wire in the middle layer,
surrounded by polyurethane layers both inside and outside. They experimentally tested this tube for
blocked force, free strain and axial modulus of elasticity. The results showed the ability of the tubes
for future applications in areas where small tube diameter is required.
The most important properties of F2MC tubes found by researchers are their fluid pumping
capacity, which is about

Truss Bridges Research Paper
Truss bridges have been around for a long time. I see truss bridges the most out of all the different
types of bridges and to me it seems like the most popular type of bridge. In addition there are thirty
different types of Truss bridges which means that there is a bigger variety of Truss Bridges instead
of just having one type. Truss bridges have triangular shaped beams that go all across the bridge.
The bridge also is above the roadway instead of under the roadway like the arch bridge. Truss
bridges could also stretch very far. The longest cantilever Truss bridge that goes is called Crescent
City Connection and it is 13,418 feet long with a width of 52 feet. There is also a really long Truss
bridge that is near Hoboken, the name of the bridge

The Surface Stress on the Microcantilever
Mapped meshes are made according to requirements as it gives user control over size and shape and
deformation of the mesh in all regions The surface stress on the microcantilever surface can be
calculated from the observed microcantilever deflection using Stoney's equation Where Δσs is the
differential surface stresses on the surface of the microcantilever, is the Young's modulus, is the
Poisson's ratio r and h are the radius of curvature and thickness of cantilever beam respectively.For a
two–layer piezoresistive microcantilever, the relationship between the surface stress and the relative
change in resistance ∆R/R for a piezoresistor is given by Where 1, 1 are the Young's modulus and
thickness of the polysilicon while 2, 2 are the young's modulus and thickness of piezoresistive,
whereas T is the distance from bottom to top of the microcantilever beam that contain the
piezoresistive and is the gauge factor of piezoresistive sensor, although above equation applies when
polysilicon and piezoresister both are different here [4]. The surface stress associated with the
deflection of micro cantilever is commonly calculated using Stoney's formula, which is simply
relates an induced substrate curvature to a surface stress. Piezoresistive microcantilever deflection
process involves the embedded of a piezoresistive material such as doped polysilicon on the top
surface of the microcantilever to measure the stress change, while the microcantilever beam deflects
a stress

Bauhaus Impact On Modern Design

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