The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats of article of delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles and are subjected to the immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
Nanotechnology and its Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides apply the concepts from my course (Analyzing Hi-Tech Opportunities) to the field of nano-technology. Like the reductions in the feature sizes of transistors and metal lines on ICs (integrated circuits), in the micro-fluidic channels on bio-electronic ICs, and in the features of MEMS (micro-electronic mechanical systems), many physical phenomena become pronounced as the feature size decreases. Carbon nano-tubes, grapheme, quantum dots, nano-particles, and nano-fibers are examples of materials that benefit from small sizes. On the other hand, reductions in costs must be addressed through increases in the scale of production equipment and the creation of better processes; similar things occurred with other technologies such as displays and lighting.
Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic c...IJERA Editor
As the number of transistors increases with new generation of microprocessor chips, the power draw and heat load to dissipate during operation increases. As a result of increasing the heat loads and heat fluxes the Conventional cooling technologies such as fan, heat sinks are unable to absorb and heat transfer excess heat dissipated by these new microprocessor. So, new technologies are needed to improve the heat removal capacity. In the present work single phase liquid cooling system with mini channel is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Mini channels are chosen as to provide higher heat transfer co-efficient than conventional channel. Copper pipes of 0.36 mm diameter are taken to fabricate heat sink and heat exchanger. A pump is used to circulate the fluid through heat sink and heat exchanger. A solid heated aluminium block to simulate heat generated electronic component is used and electrical input is supplied to the heated aluminium block and cooling system is placed over the heated block. The performance of the cooling system is analyzed from the experimental data obtained. It is experimentally observed that the mini channel liquid cooling system with water as a coolant has better performance than diluted ethylene glycol as coolant at different flow rates. The surface temperature of the heated aluminium block with convective heat transfer co-efficient is observed
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal published Quarterly offers fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review. The use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
international research journal of engineering and technology 3 nov.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining a proper peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for an article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to an immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as assure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with whilst maintaining a rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure they are likely to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure they are likely to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
Nanotechnology and its Economic FeasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides apply the concepts from my course (Analyzing Hi-Tech Opportunities) to the field of nano-technology. Like the reductions in the feature sizes of transistors and metal lines on ICs (integrated circuits), in the micro-fluidic channels on bio-electronic ICs, and in the features of MEMS (micro-electronic mechanical systems), many physical phenomena become pronounced as the feature size decreases. Carbon nano-tubes, grapheme, quantum dots, nano-particles, and nano-fibers are examples of materials that benefit from small sizes. On the other hand, reductions in costs must be addressed through increases in the scale of production equipment and the creation of better processes; similar things occurred with other technologies such as displays and lighting.
Performance of water and diluted ethylene glycol as coolants for electronic c...IJERA Editor
As the number of transistors increases with new generation of microprocessor chips, the power draw and heat load to dissipate during operation increases. As a result of increasing the heat loads and heat fluxes the Conventional cooling technologies such as fan, heat sinks are unable to absorb and heat transfer excess heat dissipated by these new microprocessor. So, new technologies are needed to improve the heat removal capacity. In the present work single phase liquid cooling system with mini channel is analyzed and experimentally investigated. Mini channels are chosen as to provide higher heat transfer co-efficient than conventional channel. Copper pipes of 0.36 mm diameter are taken to fabricate heat sink and heat exchanger. A pump is used to circulate the fluid through heat sink and heat exchanger. A solid heated aluminium block to simulate heat generated electronic component is used and electrical input is supplied to the heated aluminium block and cooling system is placed over the heated block. The performance of the cooling system is analyzed from the experimental data obtained. It is experimentally observed that the mini channel liquid cooling system with water as a coolant has better performance than diluted ethylene glycol as coolant at different flow rates. The surface temperature of the heated aluminium block with convective heat transfer co-efficient is observed
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal published Quarterly offers fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review. The use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
international research journal of engineering and technology 3 nov.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining a proper peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for an article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to an immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as assure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with whilst maintaining a rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure they are likely to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule whilst maintaining rigorous peer review the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery expedites the process All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure they are likely to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is concerned with the materials and systems whose structures and components reveal novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their micro size. Workforce development is needed to achieve the benefits of nanotechnology development along with technology transfer. The intensity should be on hands-on educational experiences by developing nano-tech laboratory demonstration experiments that could be adaptable and combined into existing courses in engineering and engineering technology. Theoretical heat transfer rates were calculated using existing relationships in the literature for conventional fluids and nano fluids. Experiments were conducted to determine the actual heat transfer rates under operational conditions using nanofluids and the heat transfer enhancement determined compared to fluids without nanoparticles.
Effects of Al2O3 Cu Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe He...ijtsrd
The researchers have consistently observed higher heat transfer rates with different kinds of nanofluids among others, Al2O3, Cu, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CNT, nickel, Nano diamond, TiO2, and SiO2 flow in a tube under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. The heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids depends on particle concentrations, thermal conductivity of nanoparticles and mass flow rates. The thermal conductivity of nanoparticles may be altered or changed by synthesizing the hybrid nanocomposite nanoparticles and it is expected that fluids prepared with hybrid nanoparticles may cause further heat transfer enhancements. The hybrid nanoparticles may be defined as two or more different materials in the nanometer size hybrid nanoparticles represent an area of nanotechnology, which is experiencing a marked growth due to its potential impact in material science and engineering. In this Present work, a solid model of a double pipe heat exchanger is built. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the thermal efficiency of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water relative to single nano fluid Al2O3 and pure water. For which nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid passes through the tube side with 6mm diameter, while the hot fluid flows through the annulus side with a 16mm inside diameter and length 1000mm. For this we considered hot water is supplied to the outer tube at a volume flow rate of 3.5 litre min at a temperature of 353 K, while Cu Al2O3 Water based hybrid nanofluid of 0.3 volume concentration are supplied to the inner tube at different volume flow rate of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 litre min at temperature of 301K. From the present study, it has been found that at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8.and 1 liter per minute cold fluid flow rate and 3.5 liters per minute hot fluid flow rate the overall heat transfer coefficient is improved by 12 percent by the use of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water compared to single nano fluid Al2O3 . Prof. Om Prakash | Prabha Shankar Kumar ""Effects of Al2O3-Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30196.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30196/effects-of-al2o3-cuwater-hybrid-nanofluid-on-heat-transfer-of-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-cfd/prof-om-prakash
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way
Thermoelectric Refrigeration System Running On Solar Energypaperpublications3
Abstract: The global increasing demand for refrigeration in field of refrigeration, food preservation, storages, medical services, and cooling of electronic devices, led to production of more electricity and consequently more release of CO2 all over the world which it is contributing factor of global warming on climate change. With the increase awareness towards environmental degradation due to the production, use and disposal of Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Thermoelectric refrigeration is new alternative because it can convert waste electricity into useful cooling, is expected to play an important role in today's energy challenges. It does not require working fluids or any moving parts, which is friendly to the environment and it simply uses electrons rather than refrigerants as a heat carrier. Continuous efforts are given by researchers for development of thermo electric materials with increase figure of merit may provide a potential commercial use of thermoelectric refrigeration system.
In this work it has been identified that there is enormous scope to develop TER system running on solar energy and its performance evaluation along with mathematical modeling. Mathematical results can be correlate by performing experimental test set up. Present paper especially focuses on evaluation of numbers of thermoelectric cooling module; heat sink fan assembly for each module which is used to increase heat dissipation rate and time required for attaining the cooling of heat sink fan assembly after a solar power is applied.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Porous media has two specifications: First its dissipation area is greater than the conventional fins that enhance heat convection. Second the irregular motion of the fluid flow around the individual beads mixes the fluid more effectively. Nanofluids are mixtures of base fluid with a very small amount of nanoparticles having dimensions from 1 to 100 nm, with very high thermal conductivities, so it would be the best convection heat transfer by using porous media and nanofluids. Thus studies need to be conducted involving nanofluids in porous media. For that, the purpose of this article is to summarize the published subjects respect to the enhancement of convective heat transfer using porous media and nanofluids and identifies opportunities for future research.
CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling ...ijtsrd
It takes a lot of energy to have a good life. For living and working, humans nowadays rely on an abundant and constant source of power. Because energy is depleting at such a rapid rate, it has become important to use heat more efficiently, which necessitates that we preserve. As a result of the global energy crisis, many researchers have worked to improve the efficiency of thermal systems and reduce the size and thus energy consumption rates, which is one of the most critical problems due to the large and continuing increase in consumption, the increasing scarcity of energy resources, and the high cost. A 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation was used to evaluate the thermal properties of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. Handling air flow velocity through the channel was varied from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. is the subject of this study. The heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs were studied using the simulation tool ANSYS 19.2. The numerical results showed that the combination of dimple ribs enhanced heat transfer significantly more than the dimple. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a combination of dimple ribs is 4.28 percent higher than that of a channel with dimpled Plate. Abhishek Singh | Prof. Rohit Soni "CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling Combination of Dimple Ribs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47712.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47712/cfd-analysis-to-analyze-thermal-characteristics-of-a-heat-exchanger-handling-combination-of-dimple-ribs/abhishek-singh
An Investigation of the Temperature Effect on Solar Panel Efficiency Based on...ijtsrd
Sunlight is effectively transformed into electric current using photovoltaic panels. The rest of the suns spectrum is linked to harmful radiation, which increases the temperature of the photovoltaic panels and consequently decreases performance, power generation, and efficiency. This paper includes an experimental investigation to investigate the performance of a polycrystalline solar PV panel at varying temperatures. Then this study uses Internet of Things IoT technologies to examine how the efficiency of a polycrystalline solar PV panel performs at various temperatures. The K type thermocouple, an Arduino Uno, a Max6675 module, an ESP8266 ESP 01 module, the Thing Speak cloud platform, and voltage divider resistors were the components that constructed the IoT based temperature measurement system. The temperature of a polycrystalline solar panel is determined by experiments, and it may be used to determine the solar panels efficiency. The efficiency of the solar PV panel gradually decreases as the surface temperature of the panel increases. Mr. Myo Ko Ko | Dr. Ei Mon "An Investigation of the Temperature Effect on Solar Panel Efficiency Based on IoT Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/61354/an-investigation-of-the-temperature-effect-on-solar-panel-efficiency-based-on-iot-technology/mr-myo-ko-ko
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is concerned with the materials and systems whose structures and components reveal novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their micro size. Workforce development is needed to achieve the benefits of nanotechnology development along with technology transfer. The intensity should be on hands-on educational experiences by developing nano-tech laboratory demonstration experiments that could be adaptable and combined into existing courses in engineering and engineering technology. Theoretical heat transfer rates were calculated using existing relationships in the literature for conventional fluids and nano fluids. Experiments were conducted to determine the actual heat transfer rates under operational conditions using nanofluids and the heat transfer enhancement determined compared to fluids without nanoparticles.
Effects of Al2O3 Cu Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe He...ijtsrd
The researchers have consistently observed higher heat transfer rates with different kinds of nanofluids among others, Al2O3, Cu, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CNT, nickel, Nano diamond, TiO2, and SiO2 flow in a tube under laminar or turbulent flow conditions. The heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids depends on particle concentrations, thermal conductivity of nanoparticles and mass flow rates. The thermal conductivity of nanoparticles may be altered or changed by synthesizing the hybrid nanocomposite nanoparticles and it is expected that fluids prepared with hybrid nanoparticles may cause further heat transfer enhancements. The hybrid nanoparticles may be defined as two or more different materials in the nanometer size hybrid nanoparticles represent an area of nanotechnology, which is experiencing a marked growth due to its potential impact in material science and engineering. In this Present work, a solid model of a double pipe heat exchanger is built. The main objectives of this research are to analyze the thermal efficiency of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water relative to single nano fluid Al2O3 and pure water. For which nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid passes through the tube side with 6mm diameter, while the hot fluid flows through the annulus side with a 16mm inside diameter and length 1000mm. For this we considered hot water is supplied to the outer tube at a volume flow rate of 3.5 litre min at a temperature of 353 K, while Cu Al2O3 Water based hybrid nanofluid of 0.3 volume concentration are supplied to the inner tube at different volume flow rate of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 litre min at temperature of 301K. From the present study, it has been found that at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8.and 1 liter per minute cold fluid flow rate and 3.5 liters per minute hot fluid flow rate the overall heat transfer coefficient is improved by 12 percent by the use of hybrid nano fluid Cu Al2O3 Water compared to single nano fluid Al2O3 . Prof. Om Prakash | Prabha Shankar Kumar ""Effects of Al2O3-Cu/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on Heat Transfer of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger using CFD"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30196.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30196/effects-of-al2o3-cuwater-hybrid-nanofluid-on-heat-transfer-of-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-using-cfd/prof-om-prakash
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way.
Heat Transfer & Periodic Flow Analysis of Heat Exchanger by CFD with Nano FluidsIJERA Editor
Many heat transfer applications such as steam generators in a boiler or air cooling coil of an air conditioner, can
be modelled in a bank of tubes containing a fluid flowing at one temperature that is immersed in a second fluid
in a cross flow at different temperature. CFD simulations are a useful tool for understanding flow and heat
transfer principles as well as for modelling these types of geometries. Both the fluids considered in the present
study are CUO Nano fluids, and flow is classified as laminar and steady with Reynolds number between 100-
600.The mass flow rate of the cross flow and diameter has been varied (such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
kg/sec and 0.8, 1.0.1.2 &1.4cm) and the models are used to predict the flow and temperature fields that result
from convective heat transfer. Due to symmetry of the tube bank and the periodicity of the flow inherent in the
tube bank geometry, only a portion of the geometry will be modelled and with symmetry applied to the outer
boundaries. The inflow boundary will be redefined as a periodic zone and the outflow boundary is defined as the
shadow. The various static pressures, velocities, and temperatures obtained are reported.
In this present project tubes of different diameters and different mass flow rates are considered to examine the
optimal flow distribution. Further the problem has been subjected to effect of materials used for tubes
manufacturing on heat transfer rate. Materials considered are copper and Nickle Chromium alloys. Results
emphasize the utilization of alloys in place of copper as tube material serves better heat transfer with most
economical way
Thermoelectric Refrigeration System Running On Solar Energypaperpublications3
Abstract: The global increasing demand for refrigeration in field of refrigeration, food preservation, storages, medical services, and cooling of electronic devices, led to production of more electricity and consequently more release of CO2 all over the world which it is contributing factor of global warming on climate change. With the increase awareness towards environmental degradation due to the production, use and disposal of Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Thermoelectric refrigeration is new alternative because it can convert waste electricity into useful cooling, is expected to play an important role in today's energy challenges. It does not require working fluids or any moving parts, which is friendly to the environment and it simply uses electrons rather than refrigerants as a heat carrier. Continuous efforts are given by researchers for development of thermo electric materials with increase figure of merit may provide a potential commercial use of thermoelectric refrigeration system.
In this work it has been identified that there is enormous scope to develop TER system running on solar energy and its performance evaluation along with mathematical modeling. Mathematical results can be correlate by performing experimental test set up. Present paper especially focuses on evaluation of numbers of thermoelectric cooling module; heat sink fan assembly for each module which is used to increase heat dissipation rate and time required for attaining the cooling of heat sink fan assembly after a solar power is applied.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
Porous media has two specifications: First its dissipation area is greater than the conventional fins that enhance heat convection. Second the irregular motion of the fluid flow around the individual beads mixes the fluid more effectively. Nanofluids are mixtures of base fluid with a very small amount of nanoparticles having dimensions from 1 to 100 nm, with very high thermal conductivities, so it would be the best convection heat transfer by using porous media and nanofluids. Thus studies need to be conducted involving nanofluids in porous media. For that, the purpose of this article is to summarize the published subjects respect to the enhancement of convective heat transfer using porous media and nanofluids and identifies opportunities for future research.
CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling ...ijtsrd
It takes a lot of energy to have a good life. For living and working, humans nowadays rely on an abundant and constant source of power. Because energy is depleting at such a rapid rate, it has become important to use heat more efficiently, which necessitates that we preserve. As a result of the global energy crisis, many researchers have worked to improve the efficiency of thermal systems and reduce the size and thus energy consumption rates, which is one of the most critical problems due to the large and continuing increase in consumption, the increasing scarcity of energy resources, and the high cost. A 3 dimensional numerical 3 D simulation was used to evaluate the thermal properties of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs. Handling air flow velocity through the channel was varied from 3.97 to 5.80 m s. is the subject of this study. The heat transfer physiognomies of a heat exchanger managing a combination of dimple ribs were studied using the simulation tool ANSYS 19.2. The numerical results showed that the combination of dimple ribs enhanced heat transfer significantly more than the dimple. In comparison, the average Nusselt number of a combination of dimple ribs is 4.28 percent higher than that of a channel with dimpled Plate. Abhishek Singh | Prof. Rohit Soni "CFD Analysis to Analyze Thermal Characteristics of a Heat Exchanger Handling Combination of Dimple Ribs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47712.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47712/cfd-analysis-to-analyze-thermal-characteristics-of-a-heat-exchanger-handling-combination-of-dimple-ribs/abhishek-singh
An Investigation of the Temperature Effect on Solar Panel Efficiency Based on...ijtsrd
Sunlight is effectively transformed into electric current using photovoltaic panels. The rest of the suns spectrum is linked to harmful radiation, which increases the temperature of the photovoltaic panels and consequently decreases performance, power generation, and efficiency. This paper includes an experimental investigation to investigate the performance of a polycrystalline solar PV panel at varying temperatures. Then this study uses Internet of Things IoT technologies to examine how the efficiency of a polycrystalline solar PV panel performs at various temperatures. The K type thermocouple, an Arduino Uno, a Max6675 module, an ESP8266 ESP 01 module, the Thing Speak cloud platform, and voltage divider resistors were the components that constructed the IoT based temperature measurement system. The temperature of a polycrystalline solar panel is determined by experiments, and it may be used to determine the solar panels efficiency. The efficiency of the solar PV panel gradually decreases as the surface temperature of the panel increases. Mr. Myo Ko Ko | Dr. Ei Mon "An Investigation of the Temperature Effect on Solar Panel Efficiency Based on IoT Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61354.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/61354/an-investigation-of-the-temperature-effect-on-solar-panel-efficiency-based-on-iot-technology/mr-myo-ko-ko
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
indian journal of pharmaceutical science 21 pdf.pdfnareshkotra
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
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Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
ugc list of approved journals 02 nov.pdfnareshkotra
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
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The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published a Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with maintaining a rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats and articles of delivery expedites and the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to the rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are much a like to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
Neuro Quantology is an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research and review articles on the interface between quantum physics and neuroscience. The journal focuses on the exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness, cognition, perception, and behavior from a quantum perspective. Neuro Quantology is published monthly.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published a Quarterly offers a speed publication schedule with maintaining a rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats and articles of delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to the immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are similarly to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a speed publication schedule with maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats of article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are similarly to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
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Upvc Bathroom Doors Price and Designs In Keralabpshafeeque
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2. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Res. & Tech 2020
ISSN 2454 – 535X www.ijmert.com
Vol. 12, Issue. 1, March 2020
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID ANALYSIS ON ELECTRONIC DEVICES TO DEMONSRATE
THE THERMAL EFFECTS ON MATERIAL
K.L. Sai Kishore , Rama Krishna Kadiam, S. Anjaneyulu, V. Sandhya Rani
Abstract
The size of the electronic instruments as day by day decreases drastically and simultaneously the
number of functions per chip increases hugely. So, it’s a great challenge to remove the heat generated by
the chip efficiently. Many kinds of research works are going on in this direction for the past few
decades. CFD simulations have become more and more widely used in studies of electronic cooling. In
this study the cooling effects of the chip are analyzed using CFD simulations. The single chip module is
modeled using space claim. The analysis is carried out in fluent module by solving the governing
equations for a flow through a channel via obstruction. The laminar flow of viscous model for the two
metals (copper, aluminum) is analyzed for temperature variation in chip.
Keyword: space claim, fluent, laminar flow, surface to surface radiation, free convection, chip cooling.
Introduction
Electronics devices and equipment now
permeate virtually every aspect of our daily
life. Among the most ubiquitous of these is
the electronic computer varying in size from
the handheld personal digital assistant to
large-scale mainframes or servers. In many
instances, a computer is embedded within
some other devices controlling its function
and is not even recognizable as such. For
example, in automobiles, space crafts,
missiles, satellites, etc. The applications of
computers vary from games for entertainment
to highly complex systems supporting vital
heath, economic, scientific, mobile phones,
and defense activities. The dimensions of the
instruments also decrease day by day but
simultaneously the number of functions
increases as a result the functions per unit
volume are increasing hugely, this is most
visible inportable electronic components, such
as laptops, cell phones, digital cameras, and
other items around us, where an increasing
number of functional components are
squeezed into an ever-shrinking system box.
Compact packaging is also in progress in
desktops and server computers, driven by the
need to reduce the box dimensions and cut
wiring distances between electronic devices.
In a growing number of applications,
computer failure results in a major disruption
of vital services and can even have life-
threatening consequences. As a result, efforts
to improve the reliability of electronic
computers or electronic chips are as important
as efforts to improve their speed and storage
capacity.
[1]
Assistant Professor, Department of mechanical, Pragati Engineering College(Autonomous),
Surampalem,India.
3. Since the development of the first
electronic digital computers in the 1940s, the
effectiveremoval of heat has played a key role
in ensuring the reliable operation of
successive generations of computers. The
Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC), dedicated in 1946, has been
described as a ‘‘30-ton, boxcar-sized machine
requiring an array of industrial cooling fans to
remove the140 KW dissipated from its 18,000
vacuum tubes’’. As with ENIAC, all early
computers up to 1957 used vacuum-tube
electronics and were cooled with forced air.
Statement of the Problem
During the 1960s small scale and then
medium-scale integration (SSI) and (MSI)
led from one deviceper chip to hundreds of
devices per chip. The trend continued
through the 1970s with the development of
large-scale integration (LSI) technologies
offering hundreds to thousands of devices per
chip, and then through the 1980s with the
development of very-large-scale integration
technologies offering thousands to tens of
thousands of devices per chip. This trend
continued with the introduction of the
microprocessor. It continues to this day with
INTEL and others projecting that a
microprocessor chip with a billion or more
transistors will be a reality before 2010. In
many instances, the trend toward higher
circuit density has been accompanied by
increased power dissipation per circuit to
provide reductions in circuit delay (i.e.,
increased speed). The need to further increase
packaging density and reduce the signal delay
between communicating circuits led to the
development of multi-chip modules beginning
in the late 1970s and is continuing to this day,
representing the chip heat flux and module
heat flux. As can be seen the chip heat flux
increases at a cumulative growth rate (CGR)
of 7 % per year, andheat flux associated with
bipolar circuit technologies steadily increased
from the very beginning and really took off in
the 1980s. There was a brief respite with the
transition to CMOS circuit technologiesin the
1990s, but the demand for increased
packaging density and performance reasserted
itself, and heat flux is again increasing at a
challenging rate. positrons, neutrons, and
other particles that constitute the secondary
cosmic rays that are produced after primary
cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere.
Oxygen to completely oxidize all the fuels it
contains but there is no excess oxygen to react
with the nitrogen in the mixture to form
nitrogen oxides.
Objectives of the study
Surface to surface
The material of the chip replaced by different materials i.e copper, aluminum.
Aluminum dissipates heat up to 15 times faster than stainless steel.
Copper has 60% better than thermal conductivity rating than aluminum and almost 30 times more
thermal conductivity than stainless steel.
4. Review of Literature
Chang YW [1] observed conventional cooling
approaches are increasingly falling apart to
deal with the high cooling demand and
thermal management challenges of emerging
electronic devices. Thus ,high performance
chips or devices need innovative techniques,
mechanisms and coolants with high heat
transfer capability to enhance the heat
removal rate in order to maintain their normal
operating temperature. Lasance C& SimonsR
[2] there are many ways to remove heat from
a device, however, nearly all of them are
based on the same common principle: to move
heat away from the device to the ambient
medium (in most cases air) by convection,
conduction and radiation. Murshed SMS [3]
produced Ecofriendly and low-cost water-
based nano lubricants containing rutile TiO2
nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for
accelerating their applications in industrial-
scale hot steel rolling. The lubrication
performance of developed nano lubricants was
evaluated in a 2-high Hille 100 experimental
rolling mill at a rolling temperature of 850 °C
in comparison to that of pure water. The
results indicate that the use of nano lubricant
enables one to decrease the rolling force,
reduce the surface roughness and the oxide
scale thickness, and enhance the surface
hardness. Murshed SMS, Nieto de Castro CA,
[4] presented development in semiconductor
and other mini and micro scale electronic
technologies and continued miniaturization
have led to very high increase in power
density for high performance chips. Nieto de
Castro CA [5] The article focuses on the
boiling heat transfer and droplet spreading
behavior ofnanofluids, which are mixtures of
nanoparticles and base fluids that exhibit
improved thermal properties compared to
conventional fluids. The authors discuss the
potential use of nanofluids in applications
such
as heat pipes, refrigeration systems, and
nuclear reactors. Murshed SMS and Nieto de
Castro [6] As an emerging research field,
nanofluids have sparked immense interest
from researchers around the world and have
been a subject of intensive research in recent
years. Because of their fascinating
thermophysical properties and heat transfer
performances, as well as enormous potential
applications, nanofluids are considered the
next generation heat transfer fluids. Murshed
SMS and Nieto de Castro CA [7] Recent
progresses in research on several key thermal
features and potential applications of carbon
nanotubes-ladennano-fluids are reviewed and
addressed. Besides briefing on the preparation
of these nanofluids, available studies on
conduction, convection and boiling heat
transfers of this specific class of nanofluids
are discussed in detail. Effects of different
parameters such as concentration of carbon
nanotube and temperature on thermal
conductivity, convective heat transfer
coefficient, and boiling critical heat flux are
also demonstrated. Wong VK and De Leon O
[8]The article then goes on to review the
current and potential future applications of
nanofluids, including their use as heat transfer
fluids, lubricants, and coolants in various
mechanical systems. The authors also discuss
the potential use of nanofluids in biomedical
applications, such as drug delivery and cancer
therapy, and in electronics, such as thermal
management of microelectronic devices.
5. Research Methodology
CONVECTION
Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as
gases and liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through
conduction, but the bulk heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid.
Convection is the process of heat transfer in fluids by the actual motion of matter. It happens in
liquids and gases. It may be natural or forced. It involves a bulk transfer of portions of the fluid. When a
fluid is heated from below, thermal expansion takes place. The lower layers of the fluid, which are
hotter, become less dense. We know that colder fluid is denser. Due to Buoyancy, the less dense, hotter
part of the fluid rises up. And the colder, denser fluid replaces it. This process is repeated when this part
also gets heated and rises up to be replaced by the colder upper layer.
This is how the heat is transferred through convection.
There are two types of convection, and they are:
NATURAL CONVECTION
When convection takes place due to buoyant force as there is a difference in densities caused by the
difference in temperatures it is known as natural convection. Examples of natural convection are oceanic
winds.
RADIATION
The word "radiation" arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating(i.e., traveling outward in all
directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are
applicable to all types of radiation is shown in below figure-1
Fig.1 Radiation
6. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
The boundary conditions of electronic chip is shown in below figures [2-3].
INLET
Attheinletthetemperaturetakenas45c.
Fig.2 Pressure Inlet
OUTLET
At the OUTLET the gauge pressure is taken as zero.
Fig.3 Pressure Outlet
Results and Discussion
CFD ANALYSIS CHIP USING COPPER (CU)
Fig.4CFD Analysis for COPPER
7. CFD Analysis for copper is shown in the above figure 4. If copper has thermal conductivity is about
387.6 w/kg.k . If higher the thermal conductivity high heat transfer through the heat sink so the copper
has heat transfer rate is about 364.5 k.
CFD ANALYSIS CHIP USING ALUMINIUM (AL)
Fig.5 CFD Analysis for ALUMINIUM
CFD Analysis for ALUMINIUM is shown in the fig 5. If aluminum has thermal conductivity is about
241 w/kg.k . If higher the thermal conductivity high heat transfer through the heat sink so the aluminum
has heat transfer rate is about 360 k.
Scaled Residuals
Copper
If scaled residuals contains continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity and energy. In this analysis we
will find the energy variation up to 0.3 the due to the medium thermal conductivity as shown in below
fig 6
Fig.6 Scaled residuals for copper
ALUMINIUM
8. If scaled residuals contains continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity, z-velocity and energy. In this analysis we
will find the energy variation up to 0.1 due to the less thermal conductivity when compare to copper as
shown in below fig 7.
Fig.7 Scaled residuals for Aluminum
By using these values we will find out that if higher the thermal conductivity value, the higher the
energy variation. By using those values copper has high energy variation as shown in graph1 and
properties are given in table 1.
Result:
REMOVAL OF TEMPERATURE FROM CHIP
S.No. Material Temperature in K
1 Copper 365.936
2 Aluminum 325.355
Graph 1 removal of temperature from chip
Conclusion
Advances in electronics and semiconductor
technologies have led to a dramatic increase in
heat flux density for high-performance chips
and components, whereas conventional
cooling techniques and coolants are
increasingly falling short in meeting the ever-
increasing cooling need of such high heat-
generating electronic devices or
microprocessors. Despite good progress been
made during the past decades, there remain
some serious technical challenges in thermal
management and cooling of these electronics.
High-performance chips and devices need
innovative mechanisms, techniques, and
coolants with high heat transfer capability to
enhance the cooling rate for their normal
performance and longevity. With superior
thermal properties and cooling features,
nanofluids offer great promises to be
9. used as coolants for hightech electronic
devices and industries. The emerging
techniques likemicrochannels with these new
fluids can be the next-generation cooling
technologies
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