Counselling skills

1. Solomon mutinta kayasa
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2. Outline
• Definitions
• Core conditions
• Basic counselling skills
• Interpersonal communication
• Challenges in counselling
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3. Counselling
• Counselling Is a method of relieving distress
by means of dialogue, with the aim of helping
the patient find solutions to their own
problems while being supported and guided
appropriately.
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4. • A process of guiding a person faced with a
problem, in order to overcome the difficulties
and be more productive.
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5. CORE CONDITIONS OF
COUNSELLING
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6. • 1.Empathy
–Understanding patients on their own terms
–Discover the patient’s “felt meaning” of
their experience.
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7. 2. Unconditional Positive Regard
• Non judgmental acceptance
• Do not try to control clients to meet their own
needs
• Accept patients’ uniqueness
• Showing complete support and acceptance of
the person no matter what they person says
or does.
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8. 3. Congruence/Genuineness
• Needs high degree of self awareness
–Consistency in verbal and non verbal
communications
–Being open and real eg if youre not happy
with something you need to be open.
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9. 4. Warmth
• Flows naturally from the skill of empathy
• Mostly expressed non verbally:
–Caring touch
–Posture
–Tone of voice
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10. BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS
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11. 1. SOLER
• S- Sit squarely
• O- Open posture
• L- Lean forward
• E- Eye contact
• R- Relax
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13. 2. Attending
• Paying attention to the patient
–Do not interrupt the patient with probing or
irrelevant questions.
• Encourages the patient to open up and trust
the counsellor.
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14. Active Listening
• Complete attention to the patient by
suspending thinking of personal experiences,
problems and making personal judgements of
the patient
• Shows respect for the patient
• Encourages patient to talk
• Helps in building the nurse- patient
relationship
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15. Clarifying
• An attempt to understand the client’s
statements
– Asking the patient to give examples
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16. Reflection of Feelings
• Focuses on the emotional element of the
client’s communication to clarify the patient’s
feelings
• Communicates to the client that the
counsellor understands her/him
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17. Paraphrasing
• Restating the contents of the client’s previous
statement
• Good indicator of accurate verbal following
• Clarifies confusing contents
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18. Probing
• Use of questions or statements to explore
more
• Use open ended questions
• Directs the patient to the area the counsellor
thinks needs attention
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19. Summarizing
• Uses own judgement to select key points
discussed, tie them together and feeds them
back to the patient in a more concise way.
• Minimises the chances of making
unwarranted assumptions
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20. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
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21. • A process by which people exchange
information, feelings, and meaning through
verbal and non verbal messages.
• Face to face communication.
• There is a message sent and received, using
both direct and indirect ways.
• It is successful when both sender and receiver
understand the message.
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22. Communication Process
SENDER RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
noise
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23. What is Good Interpersonal
Communication?
• Imagine someone you enjoy talking to.
• Why do you enjoy talking to this person?
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24. Good Communication
• Patients prefers health workers who are:
–Warm and empathetic
–Easy to talk to
–Introduce themselves
–Appear self confident
–Listen to and respond to
–Ask questions which are easily
understood and precise
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25. Ineffective Communication
• Failure to listen.
• A judgmental attitude.
• Use of a language patient does not
understand well.
• False reassurances.
• Giving advice rather than encouraging one to
make decisions.
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26. • Disagreeing or criticizing the patient.
• Inability to receive the message due to
impaired thought processes.
• Changing the subject when one feels
uncomfortable with the topic being discussed.
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27. CHALLENGES IN COUNSELLING
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28. • Compromised nurse-patient relationship.
• Dependency
• Socio- cultural factors
• Age
• Gender differences
• Environmental disturbances
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29. • Nurse related factors
– Competence
– Discomfort with certain issues
– Poor communication skills
– Talking more
– Advising instead of guiding the patient
– Countertransference
– Intellectualizing
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30. Patient related factors
• Language
• Perceptual disorders
• Emotional state
• Thought disorders
• Beliefs
• Transference
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