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Modeling Chemical Reactors & Simulations
- 1. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF CHEM. REACTORS ENG. KAREEM. H. HAMAD ENG. AMAL MAGDY
- 2. STEPS OF PROCESS DESIGN: 1. Flow diagram 2. Material and energy balance 3. Heat integration
- 3. FLOW DIAGRAMS The main flow diagrams in Chemical Engineering are: 1. Block flow diagrams (BFD) 2. Process flow diagrams (PFD) 3. Process and instrumentation design (P&ID)
- 4. BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD) • It is the simplest form of the representation of a process • Each block can represent an operation or a complete stage in the process • Flowrates and compositions of each stream can be shown in this diagram • It is useful in case of simple processes, but in case of complex ones, it is used to show the overall process
- 5. BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD) Synthesis gas Reaction Separatio n Absorption Distillation Water Gas traces Methanol Ethanol Butanol Water Synthesis gas Methano l Ethanol Butanol Water Methano l Ethanol Butanol Syn gas Methanol Ethanol Butanol Gas traces
- 6. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) • It contains all equipment exist in the plant with descriptive names or codes. • All material streams are described by numbers. • A description of the process conditions, chemical composition and flowrates of each stream will be included.
- 8. EXAMPLE 1 • A and B are sent to a reactor to produce C and D. The product stream is cooled in heat exchanger against cooling water, then it is sent to a distillation column to separate the product from traces of reactants. The vapor from the distillation column is compressed and recycled back to the first column.
- 9. EXAMPLE 2 • Benzene can be produced from the reaction between toluene and hydrogen, by- product of methane is obtained as well. • In this process toluene and hydrogen are pumped to a catalytic reactor. The outlet stream consists of liquid and gas, so they are separated into mixed gases stream and mixed liquid stream. • The mixed liquid stream is separated using a distillation tower into benzene as a top stream and toluene as a bottom stream • For economic purposes the bottom stream is recycled to the reactor
- 10. EXAMPLE 3 • 2 streams • Styrene at -20 degree Celsius and 1 atm • Propylene at -70 degree Celsius and 1 atm • Both streams has 100 kgmole/h • They are mixed together, then heated in a heater until they reached -20 oC, then a flash vessel is used to separate the liquid and gaseous phases.