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Fire extinguishers Ecaro-25 as explosion suppression
1.
2. A quantity of fire extinguishing agent is
delivered that suppress the explosion at the
point of impact.
The fire extinguishing agent attacks the
emerging flames, rendering the atmosphere
incapable of supporting the explosion.
3. An explosion requires four elements :
(1) Fuel
(2) Oxygen
(3) An ignition source
(4) A confined space
4. Fuel
Can come from a bulk material that produces dust
clouds, a flammable gas or a volatile chemical that
creates vapour.
Oxygen
Available with atmosphere presence.
5. Source of ignition
Fire
Flame
Hot surface like welding arc
Frictional sparks
Electrostatic
Spontaneous combustion (auto-ignition)
6. Confined Space
Enclosed volumes
Explosive storage room
Industrial processing plant
Flammable liquid mixing or blending room
Chemical plant.
7. Once all the
four elements are
together, the
potential for an
explosion exists.
8. 2 types : Deflagration and Detonation
The difference depends on the speed of the
shock wave originating from the explosion.
9. Suppose a combustible mixture is placed
within a long pipe.
A small spark or ignition source initiates the
reaction at the end of the pipe.
Reaction Zone:
- Energy released
- Chemical mole change
Pressure of Shock Wave
- Un-burnt Gases Compressed
and heated.
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Reacted Gases Direction of Propagation Un-reacted Gases
10. After ignition, a flame and reaction move
towards the other end.
A pressure shock wave created in front of the
flame.
Reaction Zone:
- Energy released
- Chemical mole change
Pressure of Shock Wave
- Un-burnt Gases Compressed
and heated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reacted Gases Direction of Propagation Un-reacted Gases
11. The pressure shock wave is due to the
expansion of gases by the reactions either
stoichiometric effect (change in the number
of chemical moles) or thermal expansion
effect.
Reaction Zone:
- Energy released
- Chemical mole change
Pressure of Shock Wave
- Un-burnt Gases Compressed
and heated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reacted Gases Direction of Propagation Un-reacted Gases
12. If the pressure wave moves slower than the
speed of sound.
The explosion is DEFLAGRATION.
If the pressure wave moves faster than the
speed of sound in the reacted medium
The explosion is DETONATION.
13. For deflagration, the pressure increase is
typical several atmospheres.
For detonation, the pressure increase rise is
typical ten times higher or much more.
14. Deflagration typically a relatively slow flame
and pressure front movement.
Detonation where energy must be released in
a very short time within a very small volume
to produce a significant initial pressure or
shock wave.
15. In brief term, an explosion is a freely
propagating combustion wave.
2 mechanisms are involved :
Thermal mechanism
▪ The gas temperature increase by reaction, leading to
self-acceleration of the reaction rate.
Chemical chain branching mechanism
▪ Reactive free radicals are rapidly occurs where one free
radical participates in a chain reaction, then later
produces 2 free radicals, 4, 8…. & so on.
17. When the four elements come together, an
explosion happens :
(1) Fuel
(2) Oxygen
(3) An ignition source
(4) A confined space
The concept of Explosion suppression is to eliminate
detected ignition and fire immediately, allowing no
chance for fire to survive in minimum seconds of
time period.
18. ECARO-25 suppression agent (DuPont FE-25) works
in 2 ways.
(1) Thermally
▪ ECARO-25’ FE-25 agent is able to absorb heat faster than the
amount of heat generated by the combustion reaction essentially
stops the flame propagation since it can not sustain itself.
(2) Chemically
▪ ECARO-25’s FE-25 agent forming free radicals, which chemically
interfere with the chain reaction of the combustion process. Free
radical generated from FE-25 will eliminate the reactive radicals
generated from explosion elementary reaction.
19. The purpose of the ECARO-25 system is to
protect the room (keeping ammunitions,
explosive finished products, highly
flammable materials) from catching fire and
heating up the explosive containers.
20. HFC-227ea
CF3CHFCF3
170.0
-16.5º C
66 psi
Halon 1301
CF3Br
148.9
-57.7º C
234 psi
Property
Chemical Formula
Molecular Weight
Boiling Point
Vapor Pressure
ECARO-25
CHF2CF3
120.02
-48.3º C
200 psi
21. Molecular Weight
ECARO-25 is 40% lighter than HFC-227ea
Vapor density is lesser
Give over 20% longer holding time
Provide longer and better inerting benefits
Provide protection should a re-flash or re-ignition
occur
22. Boiling Point
ECARO-25 is 3 times lower boiling point than
HFC-227ea. (-48 ºC vs -16 ºC)
Give wider working temperature margin
▪ High altitude by fighter jet
▪ Cold climate
▪ Special refrigerated low temp storage
HFC-227ea is inability to provide protection under
temperature lower than -16 ºC
23. Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure of ECARO-25 is 300% higher than HFC-
227ea. (200 psi vs 66 psi)
Give easy flow as Halon 1301
▪ Longer distance flow than HFC-227ea
▪ Faster flow speed
▪ Flexibility in system design
NFPA 2001 -> discharge time should not exceed 10
seconds for both ECARO-25 & HFC-227ea
▪ ECARO-25 could achieve 6 seconds easier than HFC-227ea for the
same quantity of agent used
24. Extensive research
by US Department of
Defense (DoD)
Preferred fire
extinguishing agent
by DoD
Proven use track
record over 10 years
This table shows a comparison of the physical properties between ECARO-25 and Halon. If you look at the boiling point and vapor pressure, you can see how close Halon 1301 and ECARO-25 are.
This is why ECARO-25 can be used in existing Halon piping systems. It is also why you’ll find working with ECARO-25 in new installations to be so similar to working with Halon 1301.
If you compare HFC-227ea to Halon, you see why it is not as similar.
ECARO-25 demonstrates the closest match to Halon 1301 and offers the easiest, most cost effective option for new installations and to retrofit existing Halon 1301 systems.
It is the best Halon alternative.