The Use Of Coal As An Energy Source In The United States...

The Use of Coal as an Energy Source in the United States...
Energy from Coal: The Nation's Dirty Secret
Abstract
While technology has led the world into such an advanced setting with intelligent machinery and
automated devices, coal has remained a loyal contributor of the energy needed by these various
types of equipment to function properly. Almost half of the electricity in the United States is
produced in coal plants where coal is burnt to produce this energy [1]. Both beneficial and
detrimental factors come with this alternative source of energy, known by the world for centuries.
Background Information
Even with the quantity of fossil fuels dwindling due to human consumption, coal has remained one
of the cheapest, reliable sources of electricity, natural gas, diesel fuel, and steel ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
But there are also many detrimental factors as well, since the production of coal results in air
pollution, sulfur dioxide emission, carbon dioxide emission, acid rain, and hazardous waste [4].
These environmental problems are due to both the mining of coal and coal production plants. Many
issues arise with the mining of coal. Firstly, the safety of miners is put at risk as they descend
hundreds of feet below the surface of the Earth. After many years in this field of work, many miners
develop black lung because of inhaling the coal extensively. Secondly, the extraction of coal is very
costly due to the machinery needed along with the transportation of the coal after it has been mined
to the various factories that are able to extract the sulfur impurities in coal and burn the coal for
energy [5]. New methods have been developed to help with some of the issues relating to coal
production. To rid the surrounding environment of toxic pollution, emission–scrubbing
technology has been installed into coal plants. This is approximately 90% to 95% affective in
eliminating the mercury, sulfur, and nitrogen emissions [6]. As for the deep mining issues, there is
another method to retrieve coal from the Earth, removing the entire mountain–tops covering a
reserve of coal beneath. Although this
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Ethanol Pros And Cons
Fuel prices seem to be the subject that always makes headlines on a regular basis since the United
States is the biggest consumer of fossil fuel in the world. The Central Intelligence Agency reported
that in 2015 alone, the United States consumed over 19 million barrels of refined petroleum
products per day. The data suggests that Americans consumed almost 5 million barrels more than
China and India, the two most populous countries on earth. (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.) High
energy consumption forces Americans to rely on foreign fuel sources since domestic fuel supplies
are simply not enough to satisfy the thirst. Due to this very reason, the U.S. is often subject to
unpredictable fuel prices and fuel shortage scare. It also has to cope with the rise in emission that
contributes directly to climate change, another hot topic of the 21st century. Enter ethanol, an
alcohol addition to gasoline that promises to reduce fuel prices, stretch fuel supplies, and solve the
global warming dilemma. Ethanol, however, has not lived up to its reputation. In fact, it has fallen
short on many occasions and become a subject of controversy.
On the surface, ethanol is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The true cost of ethanol, however, is a different story. The U.S. Government has been heavily
invested in corn–based ethanol for more than 30 years. During this period, it has provided corn
farmers and ethanol makers more than $20 billion dollars in subsidies to pave ways toward energy
independence (Pear, 2012). The incentives are undeniably attractive that many farmers have
converted their crops to grow corn to supply ethanol plants for the lucrative profits on every
taxpayer's nickel and dime. Farm subsidies shield taxpayers from seeing the true cost of ethanol,
without it, the price per gallon would be greatly inflated and become

Essay about Informative Speech Alternative Energy
Alternative Energy
Informative Speech
Attention–Getter: Do you know what this is? This is worsening your asthma at the age of 10 and
you developing lung cancer by the age of 30. According to the Centers for Disease Control there are
1 in 11 children with asthma (Centers, 2012a) and approximately 208,000 people diagnosed with
lung cancer (Centers, 2012b). Fortunately, there is a better way.
Credibility: I'm sure you've all heard about or seen windmills and solar panels. For those of you here
on Okinawa there's no way you haven't seen the giant white windmills and street lights equipped
with solar panels. These forms of alternative energy are a growing trend here on Okinawa as the
island strives to free itself from energy dependence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They include Wind, Solar, Hydro, Biomass, Geothermal, and Hydrogen (United, 2012). However,
I'll only be presenting the 3 most common types. A. I'll begin with Wind, which utilizes a Wind
Turbine or more commonly known as windmill. 1. Modern wind turbines are used to generate
electricity. 2. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving wind. 3. A wind turbine works like
a fan, but in reverse. 4. Also a collection of wind turbines is called a wind farm. B. Next up we have
the power of the Sun, Solar energy. It is certainly the oldest type of alternative energy used. 5.
Photovoltaic (PV) is the most common solar collector used today; an example is the panels people
put on rooftops or vending machines. 6. It produces electricity from the energy of the sun. 7. Energy
of the absorbed light is transferred to electrons of the PV cell. C. Rivers are the source of another
popular technology. Hydroelectric Turbines leverage this hydro energy. 8. Hydroelectric Turbines
are powered by the kinetic energy of the flowing water. 9. Water flows through a turbine and
generators convert the energy into electricity. 10. It's like a water pump but in reverse order, much
like the wind turbine.
Transition: Now that you know a few of the options. You may want to know what the benefits are.

The United States Nuclear Weapons Complex
The United States' nuclear weapons complex is large and complicated. The agencies involved in
varying aspects of nuclear weapons issues include the Departments of Energy, Defense, State,
Commerce, and Homeland Security. The Department of Energy National Nuclear Security
Administration is the principal U.S. Government agency responsible for the design, construction and
maintenance of U.S. nuclear weapons. The Department of Energy was established by President
Jimmy Carter in 1977 in response to the energy crisis affecting the country during his term in office.
While many Americans identify nuclear weapons with the Department of Defense, the role of which
will be discussed, the Department of Energy inherited responsibility for all nuclear ... Show more
Intelligence Community is responsible for gathering and analyzing information on foreign nuclear
weapons programs, as well as on efforts by terrorist organizations to develop, steal or buy nuclear,
chemical or biological weapons. As noted, nonproliferation of nuclear weapons is one of the
government's most important and difficult national security objectives. Monitoring Iranian,
Pakistani, Israeli, Indian, and Chinese nuclear weapons programs, as well as the nuclear energy
industries of other countries, is a full–time task. The imperative of providing timely warnings of
developing threats involving weapons of mass destruction, however, is paramount, and many
agencies within the intelligence community contribute to this

Duke Energy Porter's 5 Forces
Statement of the Business Duke Energy Corporation is the largest electric power holding company
in the United States. They are a leading energy company focused on electric power and gas
distribution operations, and other energy services in the Americas. These services include a growing
portfolio of renewable energy assets. Duke Energy supplies and delivers energy to approximately
7.3 million U.S. customers (Fast Facts). Their market cap for 2014 was $57.5 billion with operating
revenues of $23.9 billion (Fast Facts). Duke Energy's headquarters is located in Charlotte, NC. The
total United States generation capacity owned by Duke Energy is 57,500 megawatts (Fast Facts).
They employ more than 27,000 people. Duke Energy's operations are in North and South Carolina,
Ohio, Florida and Indiana, representing a population of approximately 22 million people (Fast
Facts). Duke Energy stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK. ...
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The first service offering is the franchised electric & gas service division of Duke Energy. A primary
business function needed to produce electricity for its customers. The next area Duke Energy
focuses on is renewables. Duke Energy is a leader in developing innovative wind and solar energy
solutions for its customers through the United States. Their wind and solar farm are in nine states
and produce approximately 17,000 megawatts of emission–free electricity (Fast Facts). The
commercial power business has around 6,800 megawatts of owned non–regulated generation,
primarily in Ohio and Indiana (Fast Facts). Efficient natural gas and coal–fired plants are the main
sources for these megawatts. Duke Energy International (DEI) targets power generation in Latin
America. DEI owns and operates approximately 4,900 megawatts of generation in Latin America
(Fast

Triad
Our nation's nuclear weapons are very complex and large organization system. The main
responsibility falls on the executive branch of the government. There are multiple departments
within the executive branch that handle this. They are the Departments of Defense, Energy,
Commerce, State, and Homeland Security. The Department of Defense oversees all of the nation's
armed forces and this includes those that are specially trained to handle nuclear devices. During the
height of the Cold War the leaders of the Department of Defense, constructed a plan to be able to
fend off any nuclear attack from the Soviet Union. They came up with what is known as the "Triad."
This Triad is a combination of the Navy's ballistic missile submarines, the ... Show more content on
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They are responsible for the negotiation of nuclear armament treaties. The main goal of the
Department is to limit the manufacturing and spread of nuclear weapons, this practice is known as
nonproliferation (White House). This Department has recently been in the news for a proposed
nuclear deal with Iran. The deal has yet to be voted upon by Congress, but it is becoming
increasingly unpopular with high ranking military officers (Washington Post). The Department of
Homeland Security was made by President Bush, in response to the terrorist attacks that occurred on
11 September 2001. The main responsibility of this Department is to monitor the activities of
incoming travelers and cargo. This can lead to stopping the smuggling of contraband and even
nuclear weapons. A subordinate agency of the Department of Homeland Security is the Federal
Emergency Management Agency, better known as FEMA. FEMA is responsible for coordinating a
response to a disaster on U.S. soil; this includes a nuclear detonation (DHS). There are many facets
to the way that the United States handles their nuclear program. It is designed to protect the country
at all costs; may that be a direct bombing or an attack through the airlines. The United States has
covered all points to prevent a nuclear

The United States Energy Information Administration
From the moment we wake up in the morning and turn our alarm clock off, to the moment we turn
the lights off and fall asleep, we are using energy. Throughout the day an average person will use a
cell phone, a computer, a television, an oven or microwave, and many will ride in a car or bus: all of
this takes energy. Energy is even being used while we sleep to power the same alarm clock that
wakes us up each morning. Individuals in first world countries are large consumers of energy, but
where does it all come from? What powers most of our modern day conveniences? The United
States Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that as much as eighty–two percent of the
United State's energy demand is met by using fossil fuels (Fossil Fuels), and in 2012, fossil fuels
made up eighty–seven percent of the energy consumed worldwide (Gonzalez & Lucky, 2013). What
are fossil fuels then?
There is a common misconception that fossil fuels come from dead dinosaurs, and while this is not
actually true, fossil fuels do come from dead plans and animals, however they were dead long before
the dinosaurs roamed the earth (U.S. Department of Energy). The type of animal and plant, as well
as the varied combinations these could create, determine the type of fossil fuel that was formed
(U.S. Department of Energy): oil, natural gas, or coal. The EIA defines fossil fuels as "concentrated
organic compounds found in the Earth's crust" (Fossil Fuels). This means that fossil fuels are formed
when

Department Of Defense In The Military
Department of Defense: gives the military qualities anticipated that would upset war, and to
guarantee the security of the United States. The Department of Defense is America's most prepared
and greatest government office. With our military after its roots back to pre–Revolutionary times,
the Department of Defense has created and progressed with our nation.
Department of Homeland Security: is a prompt outgrowth of the terrorist strikes on September 11,
2001, which highlighted America's weakness to terrorism. In spite of the way that the workplace is
blamed for guaranteeing the "nation" and is in this way unmistakable from the military, which
secures abroad, the Department of Homeland Security later devoured the US Coast Guard, which
heretofore

The Energy Sector Paper
The Energy Sector is one of the most critical infrastructure within the 16 critical infrastructures
defined in Presidential Policy Directive 21 because it contains some of the most basic and essential
infrastructure in the upkeep of the United States of America. The Energy Sector provides the basic
requirement for all of the other 15 critical infrastructures to successfully operate. This does not mean
that the Energy Sector is self–reliant. The Energy Sector depends on the United States'
"transportation, information technology, communications, finance, water, and government
infrastructures" to successfully maintain and operates itself (U.S. Department of Homeland, n.d.–r).
The Energy Sector includes thousands of infrastructures. There ... Show more content on
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Department of Homeland, n.d.–r). The reason for adopting the critical infrastructure goals is because
of the close collaboration with all critical infrastructures sectors during the National Infrastructure
Protection Plan (NIPP) 2013 development process (U.S. Department of Homeland, n.d.–r). Another
reason for using the national critical infrastructures goals as its own is because the Energy Sector
share some of the same interests and goals as NIPP (U.S. Department of Homeland, n.d.–r). The
vision of the Energy Sector states "A Nation in which physical and cyber critical infrastructure
remain secure and resilient, with vulnerabilities reduced, consequences minimized, threats identified
and disrupted, and response and recovery hastened" (U.S. Department of Homeland, n.d.–r). Goals
that the Energy Sector has stated as critical are being able to "assess and analyze threats" to critical
infrastructures, protect critical infrastructures from "human, physical, and cyber threats" all the
while understanding the "cost and benefits of security investment," minimize problem when they
occurred and "ensure the rapid recovery of essential services," share critical information to the
community to raise awareness on how to prevent risks, and "promote learning and adaptation during
and after exercises and incidents" (U.S. Department of Homeland,

Atomic Weapons History
The United States' atomic weapons complex is basic and befuddled. The working environments
joined into moving parts of atomic weapons issues blend the Departments of Energy, Defense, State,
Commerce, and Homeland Security. The Department of Energy National Nuclear Security
Administration is the key U.S. Government partnership responsible for the design, change and
upkeep of U.S. atomic weapons. The Department of Energy got commitment concerning all atomic
giant related matters beginning now allotted to the Atomic Energy Commission set up after World
War II.
The running with government association responsible for atomic weapons is the Department of
Defense, which, certainly, arranges the country's military, including those military units sorted out to
work atomic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Department of State, as the force political arm of the United States, is accountable for the
trading of atomic arms control understandings, amidst which it works practically, if not in light of
current circumstances warmly, with the main up to now conferred Defense Department and military
forces. Inside of the Department of State is the Office of the Under Secretary of State for Arms
Control and International Security, which has essential commitment with respect to the trading of
assertions convincing or banning certain sorts of

Energy Self-Sufficiency in Building through Photovoltaic...
Energy Self–Sufficiency in Building through Photovoltaic Cells ABSTRACT Solar energy is a way
to acquire self–sufficiency of many residential buildings. The different forms of solar cells made
from different materials and in different ways are able to increase the efficiency of the solar cells
and allow solar energy to become more widespread. Due to the possibility of a shortage of fossil
fuels in the near future, solar power can serve as an integral component in solving the energy crisis
through developing energy self–sufficient buildings. However, after researching many already
published materials, the possibility of allowing the world's buildings to become self–sufficient is not
possible unless other solar cells become ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To cause a current to flow through the cells and create an electrical current, the semiconductor
incorporates a p–n junction, which is when p–type silicon is placed next to n–type silicon. The
electrons will then flow towards the positive side of the solar cells instead of in random directions
(see figure 1). These semiconductors are usually made out of silicon, which, when in different forms
can have efficiency from 16% to 32%. The efficiency of a photovoltaic cell is measured by the ratio
of the amount of solar energy it converts to electrical energy to the total amount of solar energy that
hits the cell (Department of Energy 2004). Figure 1: The Photovoltaic Effect, Converting Light
Energy to Electrical Energy Source: Walker 2004 Photovoltaic Cells 4 The idea of photovoltaic cells
is based on Albert Einstein's photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect describes the effect of
certain energies of light on different materials. Photons are able to dislodge electrons from the
material when the energy of the photons exceeds the energy needed to dislodge an electron from the
material plus the kinetic energy of electron. However, if the photon does not have enough energy,
the electron is unable to escape and remains in the material. Bell Labs first put these cells to use in

Jimmy Carter's Foreign Policy Analysis
Before Jimmy Carter, President Gerald Ford had taken over the country in August of 1974 when
President Nixon had resigned the same year. As the first unelected president in United States history,
Ford offered an inflation to those who struggled with the economy and issued amnesty to Vietnam
draft dodgers. Pardon was given along with conditions to serve two years and pledge their allegiance
to the United States. But there had been economical issues and the energy crisis had taken place.
When Carter was running for president as a Democrat in 1976, a close race resulted in 55% of
electoral votes and 50% of popular vote. Then later in 1980 when running for a second term, Carter
only won 9.1% of the electoral vote and 41.01% of the popular vote. ... Show more content on
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This was an act to ensure people of the responsibilities of the Federal Power Commission, Federal
Energy Administration and other energy–related government programs into a single cabinet–level
department. "The responsibility for setting energy policy is now split among more than 50 different
agencies, departments, and bureaus in the Federal Government."It all started in 1942 when, the
United States started the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. It was under the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers supervision and then after the war in 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission was
created to control the progression of the project. It created structure in order to make a plan that
would help save energy and stop the energy crisis of 1970. This act called for an entirely new
department and it helped develop new energy technology, a central energy data collection and
analysis program, and nuclear weapons research, development and production as well. "The
impending crisis of energy shortages has brought about an unprecedented quick action by the
congress in establishing the new Department of Energy." This later created more jobs for Americans,
nearly 14,000 federal workers and 94,000 contract workers were at the Department and its earning
up to $30 billion annually. "At birth, the department has about 20,000 employees. Today, it has
16,000 permanent employees and about 100,000

History Of The Department Of Homeland Security
History of the Department of Homeland Security Marc Gates The Department of Homeland Security
is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to
streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The Department of Homeland
Security states its core mission include "prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and
manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace,
ensure resilience to disasters" (Department of Homeland Security, 2015). DHS employs over
240,000 employees tasked with various responsibilities and in 2016 has a budget of $41.2 billion.
The Department of Homeland Security was created in response to attacks that occurred on the world
trade center on September 11 2001. At the time of this writing there have been four secretaries of the
department of Homeland Security appointed by two different presidents. The attacks on the world
trade center would change the how the United States viewed terrorism and how it organized its
domestic defense. The agencies that make up The Department of Homeland Security, individually
have an immense amount of responsibilities and they all bring a vast amount of expertise to the
DHS. Even though these numerous agencies help make up the DHS the issues of changing
structures and combining multiple agencies in a new agency would prove challenging. The DHS is
consistently scrutinized by the American people as well

Fossil Fuels Are Non Renewable
Fossil fuels were formed 300 millions of years ago before the time of dinosaurs (Energy Quest,
2012). Prehistoric plants and animals formed the fossil fuels millions of years ago (U.S. Department
of Energy, 2013). There are three main fossil fuels that we use oil, coal, and natural gas (Energy
Quest, 2012). Fossil fuels are non renewable because they take many millions of years to make
(Energy Quest, 2012). Also, once the fossil fuels are made, they can never be made again. That is
why many people try to save energy by conserving energy (Energy Quest).
The first type of fossil fuels is oil. Oil is found between folds of rocks and in areas that are porous
and contain oils within the rock itself (Energy Quest 2012). Also companies ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Energy). Coal is hidden beneath the earth surface; it was easiest to find was where it
appeared as one of many layers of material along a side of a hill (U.S. Department of Energy).
Today coal–mining sites can be around 500 feet underground (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012).
Today use coal to generate electricity that's are burned in power plants (U.S. Department of Energy,
2012). There are four types of coal that we mine today: anthracite, bituminous, subbitminous, and
lignite (Energy Quest, 2012).
Natural gas is the third type of fossil fuels we use everyday. Natural gas was found BCE (Before the
Common Ear) (Energy Quest, 2012). This fossil fuel is lighter than air and is made up of a gas call
methane (Energy Quest, 2012). Methane is a simple compound that contains many carbon atoms
and surrounded by four hydrogen atoms (U.S. Department of Energy). Natural gas is found near
petroleum underground and can be pumped from underground traveling in pipelines to where the
gas can be stored (Energy Quest, 2012). Natural gas is used for cooking, heating and fueling other
appliances (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). This type of fossil fuel does not have an odor but
companies add a chemical that smells like rotten eggs (U.S. Department of Energy). Natural gas can
be found in three formations: shale formations, sandstone beds, and coal seams (U.S. Department of
Energy s, 2012).
There are many advantages

Essay On Yucca Mountain
The United States Should Oppose of the Yucca Mountain Repository For years, the State of Nevada
has found the Yucca Mountain project unacceptable because of the obvious logical and scientific
issues that make the site itself unsafe. Additional support for their argument is that other than being
far from the nuclear waste, the repository cannot really separate itself and its dangers from the
environment and humans. Even though Nevada started with just being upset about the state having
the political finger pointed at them to hold the whole nation's nuclear waste but now their argument
is stronger (Adams, 2010). Not only is Yucca Mountains' size not big enough for the entire countries
nuclear waste, but geologic factors could make the waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Institute for Energy and Environment offered and alternative in 1999 for the management of
nuclear waste. For short term storage the Institute for Energy and Research (IEER) recommended
nuclear waste should be stored as near and safely as possible from where it was produced. IEER
suggests that the sites need to be dry and as close as possible to the place where the waste was
generated to avoid a potential terrorist disaster. The funding for the extra storage on the site should
come from the Federal Governments Nuclear Waste Fund. For short term storage the Institute for
Energy and Environment Research (IEER) recommended nuclear waste should be stored as near and
safely as possible from where it was produced. IEER suggests that the sites need to be dry and as
close as possible to the place where the waste was generated to avoid a potential terrorist disaster.
The funding for the extra storage on the site should come from the Federal Governments Nuclear
Waste Fund. Many repositories should be looked and studied for more than a decade and none
prioritized. Finding a permanent and safe solution is very difficult and would require a lot of time
because of the want for good science (Ledwidge,

The Annual Spending On Renewable Energy
"The annual spending on renewable energy by the Department of Defense (DOD) will reach $10
billion by 2030" (Schueneman). Right now the military proves to be one of the highest consumers of
renewable energy. They are also responsible for using and burning the most fossil fuels in the entire
country. The DoD realizes this and that's why they are working so hard to become a greener military.
In order to enhance the security of the American people and to address the every changing
requirements of sustainability, the U.S. military is urgently trying to reduce its footprint on the
world.. The military is constantly trying to produce cleaner power, reduce energy consumption,
minimize waste and most importantly manage water. This covers an ... Show more content on
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A lot of military leaders where already well aware of the sustainability issues going on within the
DoD. Admiral John Nathman, USN (Ret.), former Commander of the U.S. Fleet Forces Command
under President George W. Bush, put it this way: "There are serious risks to doing nothing about
climate change. We can pay now or we're going to pay a whole lot later. The U.S. has a unique
opportunity to become energy independent, protect our national security and boost our economy
while reducing our carbon footprint. We've been a model of success for the rest of the world in the
past and now we must lead the way on climate change" (Schueneman)
The military as a whole has realized that their sustainability efforts haven't been the best and they
are doing enormous amounts of work to change that. Some may argue that the DoD isn't concerned
about sustainability because the Pentagon generates five times more toxins than the five major US
chemical companies combined and is considered the single largest domestic consumer of oil
(Sustainability). In all actuality the DoD and the Pentagon is well aware of this. That is why they are
pushing for these huge sustainability changes. They know that they are a large role model and in
order to change the image of the U.S. they first need to change their own image. The Departments of
the Navy, Army, and the Air Force, are all making big changes to help with this new mission; to

The Federal Government's Effect on Renewable Energy in...
The Federal Government's Effect on Renewable Energy in the United States
In an article posted by Reuters on October 24, 2006, the global conservation group, formerly known
as the WWF, stated that "humans are stripping nature at an unprecedented rate and will need two
planets' worth of natural resources every year by 2050 on current trends" (Blanchard). The report
indicates that, if every other country were to use the same amount of energy as America does, five
planets worth of resources would be needed to support the world. America, as one of the largest
consumer countries of energy, has been making attempts to implement methods for using alternate
energy sources in order to preserve the already dwindling resources of its ... Show more content on
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However, very few realize the urgency in dramatically improving our living conditions in order to
preserve the resources that are diminishing in front of our eyes. In the early 1990s, scientific
researchers began recognizing the shifting experienced in global climate change. Upon
acknowledging the fact that global warming did exist, scientists sought after ways to alleviate this
developing social problem. In order to use sources already existing in our environment, alternative
energy resources, such as solar energy, have come to the forefront in solutions. The implementation
of technologies that use solar energy, that is any form of energy radiated by the sun, date back to
A.D. 100 when Northern Italian summer homes with windowed rooms were constructed using thin
sheets of mica or selenite (Skylar and Sheinkopf 7). From that time forward, inventors have created
ways in which solar energy can be used to fuel our daily lives. Innovations in solar water heating,
solar pool heating, solar electricity, and even solar cooking are currently offered as an alternate
means of energy. The question remains, however, as to why more Americans are not taking
advantage of these accessible energy–saving resources. In comparison to other energies used to fuel
the nation, "solar energy is the cleanest, safest, most environmentally gentle energy option" the
United States has

Using Alternative Energy Sources in the United States
Using Alternative Energy Sources in the U.S. The United States has many directions to choose from
in the oncoming future of energy. "Options for the world's energy future may include surprises,
thanks to innovative research under way around the world" (LePoire 1). History has shown that
surprises can change generations . Since the mid 1900's, experts have been conducting research on
the way our nation has been using energy. The United States have relied on other countries to gain
knowledge with their energy sources. China is one huge partner that helps them out a lot. They have
experimented with many different alternative energy sources and have given the U.S lots of helpful
information for improving our energy demands. Even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. may only import oil from The State Department. The State Department was created in
1789 and is the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies. In
2008, the U.S. imported about 4 million barrels of oil a day from countries labeled "dangerous or
unstable" by the State Department"(Oil Dependence Strengthens US Enemies). The United States
look up to China in order to gain dependence and knowledge to improve the country. Looking into
the future, America really begins to fight for independence. Energy has developed and shaped the
world in many ways. It contains many problems that we have to live with. The United States choices
are looking to change different things. For instance, their main goals are to change national and the
global environment, and the national defense. The U.S. has developed into alternative energy
sources to decrease pollution and make it easier to develop and transport goods. For example, their
goal is to increase food production, decrease dependence on fossil fuels, protect lives and the
environment, and provide science–based solutions to developing markets across the globe"
(Kullman 1). Fossil fuels have been part of production for a long time. Fossil Fuels are mined or
pumped from geological reservoirs where they have been stored for long periods of time (Fossil
Fuels). Many countries have relied on fossil fuels for a long period of

Secretary Of Energy And National Security Related Missions
Secretary of Energy The Department of Energy is an agency that is a cabinet level. The agency has
energy and national security related missions which are very important. Since the World War two
and the Manhattan Project Department of Energy is in the system. It was a secret operation that
launched effort to improve and store nuclear weapons (allgov, n.d). During the Second World War,
after the bombing of Pearl Harbour in 1942 Roosevelt approves to produce atomic bomb. President
Carter establishes the Department of Energy in 1977(energy, n.d). The Department of Energy
originates from the executive branch (archives, n.d). They continue to their strategies, extending
from nuclear power to alternative energy and fossil fuels. Currently under ... Show more content on
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The connection between energy and climate is known, however he states that the main goal is to
succeeding of driving energy investment in a way that advanced our climate objective. Also he
mentions the importance of Asia to this. It is important that countries can see that they can make
investments in different alternative customs of power, which are going to be cost–competitive for
their economies. Asia is important for this because if they cannot find cost–effective alternatives to
coal, the climate problem will not be fixed. However, it can be fixed but this is an important aspect
that needs urgency. These explanations came after John Kerry Secretary of State went to China in
order to sign eight climate change contract. This agreement will require the reductions of
greenhouse gasses and power plants in chine to capture carbon. The U.S.–China partnership is
pushing climate change mitigation will be key for the Obama administration heading into the 2015
Paris talks on climate. It is time for the US to prove its real intention which is fighting against
terrorism. However, we cannot bomb or attack the supporters of the ISIS in the Middle East. Saudi
Arabia and Iraq are the countries that we buy our oils. (globalpost, 2010) We cannot risk the
explosion of oil reserves. If we cannot buy our oils from Middle East, we have to increase the
prices, which will result in opposition from the society and decrease the Presidents

The Department Of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up
of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States
effectiveness in defending our nation. The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security
include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and
administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters
(Department of Homeland Security, 2015). The Department of Homeland Security was created in
response to attacks that occurred on the world trade center on September 11 2001. The attacks on the
world trade center would change the how the United States viewed terrorism and ... Show more
Tom Ridge would be appointed by President George W. Bush to the position of Director of the
Office of Homeland Security. Tom Ridge previously a member of the House of Representatives and
Governor of the state of Pennsylvania. Would serve as the Director Homeland Security until 2005.
The Department of Homeland Security would begin in after the attacks on the United States. The
Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council would be officially created by
President George w. Bush on October 8, 2001 with the issuing of Executive Order 13228
(Federation of american scientists, n.d.). The Department of Homeland security would be made
official by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The bill was passed by congress and signed by
President George W. Bush in 2003. AGENCIES There were 22 agencies that made up the
Department of Homeland Security, This will give a brief overview of the agencies and what they do.
The U.S. Customs Service dating back to the revolutionary war, tasked with collecting tariffs on
incoming goods for from foreign countries. The Immigration and Naturalization Service established
in 1864 as a federal immigration agency. In 1933 the new Immigration and Naturalization Service
was made by Executive Order 6166 signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as member of
the department of justice (LERNER, 2004). The Federal Protective Service origins

Duties Of The President's Cabinet Essay
The Duties of the President's Cabinet
Abstract: This paper will speak to the duties of the cabinet that surrounds the President. In the text I
will identify each cabinet position with a brief description of their role and importance to the
president. The paper will prove that the president him/herself cannot do this job alone, an example
from the Bush administration will also be included following the duties portion of the paper. All in
all, the cabinet will be explored with their operational functions in the United States government.
James Castellano
July 14, 2015
Political Science 510
Prof. Grulke
The Presidential Cabinet
The United States of America has the privilege to select a leader and his ... Show more content on
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His or her position and expertise counterparts with the President to inform him of decisions.
Recently, this position has moved into a more important role than it ever did previously. Department
of State: presently Secretary John Kerry leads the state department. One of the original cabinet
positions, the Secretary of State important for foreign relations. He or she is the main point of
contact for foreign issues and first to advise the president of any issues that may occur. "Under the
Constitution, the President of the United States determines U.S. foreign policy. The Secretary of
State, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, is the President's chief
foreign affairs adviser. The Secretary carries out the President's foreign policies through the State
Department and the Foreign Service of the United States" (US Department of State 2009). When it
comes to handling foreign issues, from treaties to conferences, conflict and resolution, the Secretary
of State is the second most important person in regards to gaining and developing foreign relations.
It is important to understand this vital role in maintaining peace talks, expanding our trade market,
and forming alliances. Though President Washington did not want to be involved with international
issues, President Jefferson served as the first Secretary of State implementing the ground rules for
this position

National Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Prevention Act...
Homeland Security is the intersection of evolving threats and hazards with traditional government
and its responsibilities for civil defense emergency response law enforcement, customs border
control and immigration. Moreover, the term "enterprise" is a national effort that refers to the
collective efforts and shared responsibilities of federal, state local, tribal, territorial,
nongovernmental and private–sector partners as well as individuals ( U.S. Department of Homland
Security, 2010). Since the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the concept of National
Intelligence was arranged by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. As that
was formulated, the IC community was known to be more coordinated and effective. The Act also
made it possible for the integration of domestic and foreign dimensions of us intelligence to
eliminate gaps and understanding national security threats. Also, this brought about the mission of
the Department of Homeland Security and future capabilities of the department (Noftsinger, 2007).
In any organization it is imperative that higher management assess progress from the start of a
program to the current state and what can happen in the future. Many Americans can recall that
Department of Homeland Security is one of the most significant changes in the federal government.
It can be compared to the creation of the Department of Defense after the Second World War. The
beginning of Homeland Security was a challenge due

Information Security For The Energy Sector
Information security for the energy sector is an important and necessary responsibility for the
government institutions in the United States if the nation is to continue enjoying peace. After the
9/11 attacks, every citizen of the United States is always in fear of what could happen if an attack is
waged. Going by the magnitude of the 9/11 attacks, any new attack would catch the country any
time and from any quarters. Having this in mind, the security apparatus tasked with securing
information in the energy sector should be very keen as the different critical infrastructures in the
energy sector could be the next target for a terrorist attack. If a terrorist would have access to critical
information on the energy sector, the waging of an attack on or using the critical infrastructure in the
United States would be rather easy and much more detrimental. Industry players and all concerned
parties that have legal access to sensitive information should work together in implementing highly
proofed security protocol on the access and use of information. Regular and coordinated changes
should be made on levels of access and times of access to sensitive information to reduce the
predictability of information flow in the different energy sectors. There are many things that can be
done to secure information in the energy sector besides what has already been mentioned.
Investment should be done by the government of the United States into threat analysis measures and
the implementation

Nuclear Weapons Roles
Identify all of the Executive Branch departments, agencies, etc., that have a role regarding the
nation's nuclear weapons and what each of their roles is. The agencies that have a role regarding the
nation's nuclear weapons are include the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense
(DOD), Department of Commerce, Department of State, and Homeland Security. The Department of
Energy and National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), through its Office of Defense
Nuclear Nonproliferation (DNN), works closely with a wide range of international partners, key
U.S. federal agencies, the U.S. national laboratories, and the private sector to detect, secure, and
dispose of dangerous nuclear and radiological material, and related WMD technology and expertise
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NNSA's Defense Programs provides the research, development, secure transportation, and
production activities necessary to support the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile (National Nuclear
Security Administration n.d.). Also, inside the Department of Defense is the U.S. Strategic
Command, which is responsible for each branch of the armed forces nuclear weapons. The Office of
the Secretary of Defense includes the civilian Department of Defense officials which are a number
of agencies that handle the nuclear weapons issues from many different aspects, which include the
Missile Defense Agency, whom develop the technologies to take down incoming nuclear missiles,
the Assistant Secretary of Defense are involved in drafting policies for the use of nuclear weapons
and hold the power to negotiate nuclear control agreements with other countries. The Department of
State, is responsible for the negotiation of the nuclear arms control agreements. They work to
control/limit the spread of nuclear weapons to countries that are looking, but have not yet obtained a
nuclear

Solar Energy Incentives
Subject: Financial Incentives to Expand Solar Power Adoption in the United States
Recommended Action
The lack of a nationwide solar power policy, alongside significant technical hurdles, hinders the
progress of renewable energy across the United States of America. Strengthen national policies by
introducing financial incentives for research, development, and manufacturing that tackle technical
challenges to the growth of renewable energy. Incentives such as tax breaks, low interest rate loans,
and grants will allow the renewable energy sector to implement cost–effective solutions and be and
competitive against traditional energy sources.
Issues
The U.S. Department of Energy should implement a federal renewable energy policy of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, expanding the solar energy industry will spur job growth. Consumers want to adopt
solar energy because its price is less vulnerable than many other energy sources, like petroleum, to
global politics. Limited solar energy storage technologies present the main technical challenge of
solar. Current battery capacities are inadequate to store captured solar energy. Moreover, seasonal
variability in solar radiation and power demand peaks require the provision of adequate storage to
make solar power a practical, large–scale energy source. It is also difficult to connect solar energy to
the current grids in America. The regulatory challenges involve governing access to the power grid,
creating and implementing legal structures for local ownership, and protecting local owners against
larger utility companies concerned with their market share.
By focusing on grid parity and technical challenges through financial incentives, the United States
will increase its usage of and benefits derived from solar energy usage. The financial incentives
support both consumers and suppliers to adopt and develop solar energy. If the new solar energy
supplies cost the same or less than previous energy because of these incentives – achieving grid
parity – then consumers will have fewer reasons not to switch to solar energy. If suppliers can
provide the

Lotus Car Rental
Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal
COMM/215
September 3, 2013
Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Proposal
Combustion engine vehicles have come a long way, especially since conventional vehicles are
reaching upwards of 30 miles per gallon. Conventional vehicles have only grown more reliable over
the past few decades, and continue to improve with each passing year. Due to these advancements,
many would agree that there is no reason to switch over to new alternative fuel vehicles. However,
Lotus Car Rental should add 100 alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet, placing 50 vehicles in Boston,
MA and 50 vehicles in Los Angeles, CA. in order to maximize profit.
Alternative Vehicles
There are many types of alternative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The recommended electric vehicle is the Mitsubishi i–MiEV. The manufacturer 's suggested retail
price is $29,125, and it drives for 126 city miles per gallon and 99 highway miles per gallon (Clean
Cities, 2013). Re–charging of the battery can take up to eight hours for a full charge, and with a high
quality charger the battery can charge up to 80% in 30 minutes (United States Department of
Energy, 2013). Recharging locations are mainly located on the east and west coast of the United
States.
The recommended hybrid vehicle is the Toyota Prius c. The manufacturer 's suggested retail price is
$18,950, and it drives 53 city miles and 46 highway miles per gallon (Clean Cities, 2013). This
vehicle is the most similar to the conventional vehicles the company currently owns, and it does not
require any special fuel or charging stations or any operational training.
The recommended flex–fuel vehicle is the Ford Focus with a manufacturer 's suggested retail price
of $16,200. While this vehicle is utilizing regular gasoline it runs for 27 city miles and 38 highway
miles per gallon; however, when it is utilizing E85 the miles per gallon drop to 20 city miles and 28
highway miles per gallon (Clean Cities, 2013). E85 refueling locations are mainly located in the
north central United States.
After conducting thorough research, purchasing the Toyota Prius c hybrid vehicle would be most
beneficial to Lotus Car Rental, due to its ability to run on

Case Study : Legal And Ethical Issues
Solyndra: Legal and Ethical Issues Barbara Zimmerman BUSN311–D003 American Military
University Professor Teresa Knox Solyndra: Legal and Ethical Issues Dr. Chris Gronet founded the
Solyndra Solar Company in 2004. Gronet is prominent in the Silicone Valley for being a
technological genius, celebrated for his innovations in alternative energy (Weiner, 2012). Less than a
year later Solyndra was solicited by the United States Department of Energy, who was very
interested in investing in the "clean" alternative energy that Solyndra promised, and the business
soared. Solyndra's practices made headway and even caught the attention of President Obama. But
by 2011 Solyndra had declared bankruptcy and became the core of one of America's largest business
scandals. Throughout this paper I will discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding Solyndra's
business practices and offer examples as to how the philosophy of Milton Friedman may have
influenced the company's executives. Dr. Chris Gronet was the epitome of a Silicon Valley high
achiever. After receiving his decorate in semiconductor processing from Stanford's School of
Engineering, Dr. Gronet founded a startup and jointly filed multiple patents in semiconductor
manufacturing (Hull, 2011). Solyndra began as a thriving solar energy company, earning the
company a $535 million loan guarantee from the Department of Energy within a year of its
conception. It may have been the ferocious competition, the drop of silicon

ECQ 5: Building Coalitions
There is an intersection between career and political executives in the Federal government. As
discussed in Chapter 2, career and noncareer senior executives are subject to the same executive
core qualifications (ECQs) and performance criteria, even though some of them serve at the pleasure
of the President. However, their respective spans of control and expectations associated with
performance differ.
The most significant qualification is ECQ 5, "Building Coalitions." This is where the challenges and
opportunities identified previously are critical. The performance metrics and political savvy come
together in this ECQ. Some definitions and techniques to facilitate senior managers' success are
important to consider at this juncture.
Building ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Professionalism
It is important that executives exhibit professionalism in dealing with their stakeholders. Again, this
is not to suggest that executives do not know how to comport themselves with their stakeholders.
Senior executives are sometimes accused of being too "familiar" with their stakeholders. Executives
get to know their stakeholders very well after engaging with them through: written instruments,
one–on–one meetings, group meetings and events, and comments others involved in the issue(s) of
interest make. While executives know their audience, that audience–their stakeholders–sometimes
views their collegiality as a way to brush them off in a nice way. This perception is also wrongfully
viewed as an executive attempting to curry favor as a "friend" and to, thereby, co–opt their response
to the issue(s) being addressed.
Executives are also misconstrued as cold and bureaucratic on occasion. Thus, the bureaucratic
behavior fuels the perception that executives are unprofessional in the manner in which they treat
stakeholders. The report that an executive is curt or has talked down to stakeholder, thus, is
misconstrued as the executive is being purposefully confrontational or

The Manhattan Project Essay example
During World War II, the Americans fought a two–front war, with pressure from both Japan and
Germany. The United States, aware that Germany was threatening to build an atomic weapon,
created a secret project to develop the technology first. Under the codename, the Manhattan Project,
leading scientists carried out top secret research on fission and the technology needed to create the
first atomic bomb. The immediate impact of the Manhattan Project was the dropping of two atomic
bombs on Japan, ending the war in the Pacific. However, more important influences of this project
can be seen following the detonation of the first bombs. The emergence of the United States as a
world superpower following World War II, the tensions derived from the ... Show more content on
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This committee decided that the United States should retain nuclear superiority, in the event that
international relations deteriorated following World War II (US Department of Energy). This
decision is a foreshadowing of the Cold War, and nuclear arms race which followed the dropping of
nuclear weapons on Japan. The interim committee also decreed that a regulatory system should be
created to control the development of nuclear weapons, since other nations would inevitably obtain
the technology needed to develop weapons. Possibly, the most influential decision made by the
interim committee was to keep the details of the atomic bomb a secret, to maintain the shock effect,
until after it had been dropped on Japan. Two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first bomb dropped was a uranium bomb, nick–named Little Boy, was
untested before its detonation (US Department of Energy). The second, dropped after the Japanese
did not surrender, was a plutonium bomb, nick–named Fat Man. The dropping of these bombs
propelled the United States to a seat of world power, as they were the only country to obtain a
weapon of mass destruction. The Manhattan Project became scientific and engineering feat,
employing over 100,000 individuals. The exceptional organizational model the Manhattan Project
provided, allowed for great scientific achievements in the later part of

Clean Coal: A Case Study
Any technology that reduces the environmental impact of burning coal falls under the clean coal
technologies umbrella (Halber, 2008, para. 1). The two most common categories of these
technologies deal with the removal and storage, most commonly in subterrestrial caverns, of carbon
dioxide before or after the burning of coal or the removal of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, the
cause of acid rain (Seeker, 2016, 1.36), from coal before it is burned. Clean coal technologies that
focus on the former category have one main advantage over the traditional methods of burning coal;
the amount of pollution released is greatly decreased. If all coal was burned using these technologies
CO2 output could be reduced by up to 85% (Monbiot, 2009, p. 84). However, according to Mary
Anne Hitt, director of the Beyond Coal campaign, the coal industry primarily employs technologies
that fall into the latter technology category as the removal of CO2 is currently too costly (Cho, 2013,
para. 4). The United States Department of Energy claims that the current cost for the removal of
CO2 from coal is $60 per ton while the target price is $40 per ton (United States Department of
Energy, n.d., para. 3). Furthermore, many environmentalists cite concerns that the CO2 may leak
from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Department of Energy's Annual Energy Outlook 2015, by 2020 clean coal will be
more expensive than most alternative sources including wind, hydro, geothermal, biothermal,
natural gas and nuclear (Cost of electricity by source, n.d.). Furthermore, most of the alternative
sources emit little to no environmental pollution when compared with clean coal. Therefore, I would
recommend the overall reduction of the nation's reliance on coal, clean or otherwise, in favor of
increasing the availability of renewable

The Energy Consumed By The United States
Roughly 81% of the energy consumed in the United States in 2015 was produced by fossil fuels
including coal, natural gas, and petroleum oil (EIA, "U.S. Energy Facts Explained"). A study on the
consequences of coal revealed that the burning of coal produced over 100 million tons of solid
waste, and the readying of coal to be burned creates nearly 90 million gallons of slurry, a muddy
waste product, in the United States every year (Sierra Club 2011). In 2015, 2,413 petroleum oil
spills were reported to have spilled a total of just over 300,000 gallons in U.S. waterways (U.S.
Department of Transportation). Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, for oil and natural gas can
contaminate groundwater, induce earthquakes, and release air pollutants. ... Show more content on
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Wind energy, one of the oldest forms of renewable energy used by humans, is produced simply by
harnessing the power of the wind with wind turbines and generating electricity. Geothermal energy
is energy from the heat of the Earth, and is drawn from locations with naturally heated water like hot
water reservoirs and geysers or areas deep within the Earth accessed by drilling (NREL, "Learning
About Renewable Energy"). Hydroelectric power, in simplest terms, uses the power of water
rushing downwards to rotate a propeller attached to a generator that in turn produces electricity
(Perlman). Another form of renewable energy is biomass, such as wood, biofuel, and bio–waste,
which is burned to produce energy; however, it is not clean energy.
Shifting the majority of energy consumption in the U.S. to clean energy would affect people and
businesses both in and outside of the nation. This inevitably creates concern surrounding the topic
and causes delays due to necessary controversy and questioning. While plenty of concerns are valid,
others have been answered by studies and reports by various organizations but have yet to reach the
public in masses.
One of these concerns is that the cost transitioning to clean energy would be too expensive. It is true
that shifting to green energy would have notable start–up costs; however, generating energy from
these

The Department Of Energy's National Nuclear Security...
The United States nuclear weapons complex is complicated and very large. Because of this, there
are certain government agencies that help to regulate, or control, the nuclear weapons. Those
agencies that have a role regarding the nation's nuclear weapons are the Department of Energy
(DOE), Department of Commerce, Homeland Security, Department of State (DOS), and most
importantly, the Department of Defense (DOD) (whitehouse.gov).
The Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), is the principle
U.S. Government agency responsible for the construction, design, and maintenance of U.S. nuclear
weapons. The Department of Energy, which was established in 1977 by President Jimmy Carter as a
response to an energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
companies seeking to ship goods to certain foreign destinations that have legitimate commercial
applications, but which also have military uses. Many such items involve nuclear weapons
technologies. Certain types of metals and electronic devices that can be used for seemingly benign
purposes can also be used in the manufacture of nuclear warheads and ballistic and cruise missiles
used to deliver those warheads to their targets (nrdc.org). It is the responsibility of the Commerce
Department to examine all applications submitted by American companies to export sensitive items
and either accept or reject those applications. It does not do this alone, as the Departments of
Energy, Defense and State all play a role in that process as well, but Commerce is the lead agency
and final arbiter

Theu.s. Army Corps Of Engineers
During the early 1940s President Franklin D. Roosevelt commissioned "the Manhattan Engineer
District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers" to start the creation of the United States wartime atomic
bombs (Findlay & Hevly, 2011, p. XI). Dubbed the Manhattan Project, the area of Hanford,
Washington became the new plutonium factory after the federal government acquired "670–square–
mile reservation" (Findlay & Hevly, 2011, p. XI). This reservation was made up of private land
holdings, but became condemned for the government to start its build. Near the mid–1940s the first
reactor, Hanford's B, started producing plutonium, then was shortly followed by three more
plutonium reactors (Findlay & Hevly, 2011, p. XI). In order to keep the secrecy of the ... Show more
On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb is used in war on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, followed
by Nagasaki on August 6, 1945 (Findlay & Hevly, 2011, p. XI). Both atomic bombs were fueled by
the plutonium from the Manhattan Project. Death counts from Hiroshima ranged from 99,000 to
166,000, and 60,000 to 80,000 for Nagasaki from the debris, blast, heat, and radiation (Listwa,
2012). However, these counts did not factor in the rescue workers who entered the areas breathing in
radioactive dust, nor had appropriate clothing and radiation gamma readers like present day to view
levels of radiation. Between the United States and the Japanese government research and continued
healthcare are conducted by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. This foundation estimates
that after the bombings between the second and sixth year there was an increase in leukemia cases,
especially children (Listwa, 2012). Research continues to follow leukemia incidences, cancer in
registries, and children of the survivors.
Plutonium production continued through the Cold War, with a new reactor built in 1959 (United
States Department of Energy, 2016). From the start of creation to postwar there were no governing
"federal or state standards of tolerable radiation exposure levels" that could be enforceable by law
(American Public Health Association, 2017). Instead the companies that were placed in

Preventing Terrorism Through Providing Nuclear Security
Preventing Terrorism through Providing Nuclear Security
The Department of Homeland Security was initiated as a result of the worst terrorist attack in United
States history, September 11th, 2001, with the purpose of providing protection for the American
people from a wide variety of terrorist threats. On March 24th and 25th, 2014, President Barack
Obama along with 52 other world leaders travelled to The Hague, Netherlands for the 2014 Nuclear
Security Summit. While there the President stated in the U.S. National Progress Report, "Nuclear
terrorism represents the most immediate and extreme threat to global security, requiring a strong and
enduring commitment to domestic and worldwide action." (Department of Homeland Security 1,
2014, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nuclear Forensics and the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
Nuclear forensics is one of the two key elements of nuclear security. Nuclear forensics is the
analysis of seized contraband nuclear or radioactive material and any corresponding material in
order to provide evidence that will assist in identifying the source of the nuclear or radioactive
material and determine its point of origin (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006). Nuclear
forensics also covers the use of the information gathered by the original analysis to determine the
routes of transit and any corresponding equipment. The process of nuclear forensics and evidence
gathered can ultimately to be instrumental in the prosecution of all those responsible (International
Atomic Energy Agency, 2006).
Domestic Nuclear Detection Office is the primary entity for nuclear detection in America. Detection
is another of the key elements the Department of Homeland Security focuses on improving
constantly, through the use of its Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, in order to continue to strive
towards fending off terrorist attacks, and providing protection for the American people as well as
assist in the international effort to enhance global nuclear security (Department of Homeland
Security 2, 2016). The DNDO's mission is to, "Prevent nuclear terrorism by continuously improving
capabilities to deter, detect, respond to, and attribute attacks, in coordination with domestic and

Executive Branch Essay
The Executive branch is under the power of the President of the United States, who also acts as head
of state Commanding chief of the armed forces. The President appoints the heads of the federal
agencies. The agencies involved in .... of nuclear weapons include the Department of Homeland
Security Department of Defense, Department of State, Department of Commerce, and the
Department of Energy. The Department of Energy National Nuclear Security is the ........U.S.
Government agency responsible for national economic, and energy security as well as the
construction, design and maintenance of U.S. nuclear weapons. The Department of Energy is
responsible for all nuclear energy affiliated affairs. The Department of Energy promotes the
development of clean, reliable, and affordable energy for all American's. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. Strategic command which is established in Omaha, Nebraska is also responsible for
correlating the operation's of each branch of the armed forces nuclear weapon's. Within the Office of
the Secretary of Defense a number of agencies that deal with nuclear weapons ... including the
Missile Defense Agency, who's mission is to develop technology in order to successfully shoot
down incoming nuclear missiles fired by hostile country's. The office of the Assistant of Defense for
Policy, is involved in negotiating nuclear arms control agreements with foreign governments, as
well as guiding the use of nuclear weapons. The Department of State (DOS) serves as the President's
top foreign policy advisor, and is the official diplomatic arm of the United States, The DOS is
responsible for the negotiation of nuclear arms control agreements, which works closely with the
Defense Department and military

Analysis of Clean Coal Technology
A Report on Clean Coal Technology in Today's Society
As the world we live in today continues to become more focused on "going green" and doing more
to protect the environment, clean coal technology is one of the key focal points to look at. In 2003,
each person in the United States consumed, on average, 3.7 tons of coal (Ristinen, and Kraushaar
19). This number has obviously increased year by year, and today it looms as a massive number.
Coal usage has some well–documented detriments to the environment. Atmospheric problems,
sulfur dioxide and acid rain, and global warming issues all can be directly linked to the heavy usage
of coal burning. We Americans use massive amounts of coal each year, so naturally finding more
clean and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allows for the coal which is burned up and used to provide energy to be filled with much less of
the harmful toxins that affect people and the environment. One simple way that this can be done is
by crushing the coal into tiny particles upon arrival at the power plant. After this, simply "washing"
the goal will do the trick and remove many impurities from it. This method causes what is called the
"pyritic sulfur" to be washed out. During the "washing" process, specks of iron are sent through the
coal, bonding with this pyritic sulfur, which can then be easily disposed of (United States
Department of Energy). Usually, during the actual washing process, larger chunks of coal are placed
into a massive water tank. The coal will rise to the top of the water, whereas some of the other
common impurities, namely sulfur, will sink to the bottom. Facilities around the country which
clean coal in this manner are referred to as "coal preparation plants" (United States Department of
Energy). While some methods, such as the two explained above, are effective in removing
impurities like sulfur from the coal, some sulfur simply cannot be taken out. This is what we call
"organic sulfur," which actually is chemically combined with the carbon molecules in coal. This will
prevent any aforementioned cleaning processes from taking out this sulfur. The only feasible way
that this sulfur would be able to be removed is through a chemical reaction, but so far experiments
with this type of

Impact Of Fossil Fuels On Our Planet
THE IMPACT FOSSIL FUELS HAVE ON OUR PLANET
Oil reserves are found all over the world. Some reserves produced more oil than others. Saudi
Arabia, Russia, the United States, Iran, and China are the top oil producing countries (U.S.
Department of Energy, 2013). Petroleum is produced in 31 states throughout the United States (U.S.
Department of Energy, 2013). Texas, Alaska, California, Louisiana, and Oklahoma are the states that
produce the most petroleum (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It is used to fuel most cars in the
United States, but petroleum is also used to make many more products that we use on a daily basis
(U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). A majority of petroleum is turned into an energy source.
Petroleum can be used to make heating oil, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and propane, in addition to making
gasoline (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It can also be turned into petrochemical feedstock,
which is derived from petroleum principally for the manufacturing of chemicals, synthetic rubber,
and plastics (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). It is used to make many common household
products, such as crayons, dishwashing liquids, deodorant, eyeglasses, tires, and ammonia (U.S.
Department of Energy, 2013).
The United States ' need for petroleum surpasses the amount it can produce; meaning, a majority of
our oil (roughly 60 percent) must be imported from foreign countries (U.S. Department of Energy,
2013). Canada is the country we import the most oil from, followed by Saudi

Renewable Energy : Renewable Resources
Renewable energy: energy in which comes from natural resources that are naturally replenished,
such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat (Bhatia, 2014). This essay is focused on the
main three renewable energies, wind, sunlight, and water. Renewable resources are well on the way
to out rule the fossil fuel industry because of the diminishing amount of fossil fuels left in the world
and increase of renewable resource use, the damage fossil fuels do to the environment, and the
various positive aspects that renewable resources bring.
Fossil fuels will run out in the world with time, these fuels take millions of years to form, the supply
simply cannot meet the demands of the world forever. According to the Colorado River Commission
of Nevada, the amount of petroleum left in the world is 2,686 billion barrels left, annually, the world
uses 27 billion barrels (2002). Natural gas has 14,006 billion left and the world uses 84 billion
barrels a year (The Colorado River Commission of Nevada, 2002). Coal has 1,089 billion barrels
left with 5 billion used a year (The Colorado River Commission of Nevada, 2002). This may seem
like a lot of fossil fuels, but with the population continuing to grow, this is not a very large quantity.
As stated by the Colorado River Commission of Nevada, "All together the fossil fuel resources is
estimated to be gone between 2050 and 2075" (2002). It is certain that fossil fuels are limited, and
will eventually run dry. This may not seem to

The Use Of Coal As An Energy Source In The United States...

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