History Of The Internet

History of the Internet
Internet
The Internet is a child of the 1960s. 1969 was when the first network of computers, ARPANET,
communicated with one another. I took a full decade before the Internet was developed. In 1984,
domain names were introduced, bringing with them, the familiar suffixes of "com" and "org"
(Anonymous, 2013).
It didn't become widely used until the 1990s when two significant developments arrived. In 1991,
the World Wide Web (Web 1.0) was released, along with hyper–links, which made navigation easier
than in previous years, and, in 1993, the first Web browser, Mosaic, arrived, making for a graphical
user experience. By the mid–1990s, an estimated 45 million people were using the Internet
(Anonymous, 2013).
However, today's internet use isn't a side activity, it's quite the opposite. It's the main. Everyone is
now connect to the internet around the clock
While yesteryears websites were static, todays are quite dynamic. This vast medium that is the
internet allows users to engage with one another, shop online, bank online, connect with
friends/family/colleagues, create media, do business online, and this list just keeps on going.
The internet affects the way we live our lives today.
Mobile technology
In 2003 we didn't have what we now class as a 'smartphone' but we had indestructible phones and
slow changes in mobile technology such as the colour screen [Blackberry 7210] (Newman, 2013)
2005 was the year Nokia release what would become the best–selling mobile device of all time,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

History Of Internet On The World
Josh Margolis
EMF140
November 2, 2015
History of Internet
Before the the Internet was created, linking the world, human beings were already thinking with a
connected mind. While messages obviously were unable to be transferred electronically, humans
invented different ways to trade information and news with other people. Firstly was the post. In
order to send a friend a message, a letter would have had to been written and mailed. Mailing
messages was a long process, often taking days to get one message to another person. This method
(still used today) was not the most convenient because there is no urgency or speed in mailing a
letter. Luckily in the mid 1800's the telegraph was invented. Sent for the first time in 1838, the
telegraph was the first instance of sending a message (4). A telegraph is defined "as the transmission
of textual or symbolic messages without the physical exchange of an object. This is the first instance
of a message being sent in a "virtual" sense (2). While messages could be delivered through the mail
within a matter of days, a telegraph could be transmitted live. At the time this was quite a feat.
When studying the creation of the internet, it is important to remember that not one single man
directly created the web that we know today. Rather, many brilliant minds, over time, added and
refined the experience for the greater good. Originally, the earliest version of the internet was
constructed as a tool for US warfare. The United States

History Of The Internet Essay
History of the Internet
Works Cited
Buick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran. Introducing Cyberspace. New York, NY: Totem
Books, 1995.
Crick, Prof. Rex E. E–Mail History. [Online] Available
http://www2.uta.edu/geology/compulit/mailhist.html, December 20, 1999.
Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Mathew. Where Wizards Stay up Late. New York, NY:
Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996.
"Internet." Encyclopedia Britannica, 1999 ed.
Kristula, Dave. The History of the Internet. [Online] Available
http://www.davesite.com/net–history.html, November 19, 1999.
Network Solutions, Inc. What is the History of the Internet. [Online] Available ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data is then sent back through the system to the original user. The information that is on the data
coming back could have came from a wide array of sources such as books, financial markets,
embedded chips or even made up by someone trying to fool the user. The History? The Internet is
first
Johnson 2
conceived in the early '60s. "Under the leadership of the Department of Defense's Advanced
Research Project Agency, it grows from a paper architecture into a small network (ARPANET)
meant to promote the sharing of super–computers amongst researchers in the United States."
(Kristula, pg 68). Through the next couple years there were talks of about how this network could
come into the cooperate world. In 1969 researchers at four US campuses created the first hosts of
the ARPANET. They connected the Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the
University of Utah. The ARPANET was a success from the very beginning. Although originally
designed to allow scientists to share data and access remote computers, email quickly became the

most popular application. The ARPANET became a high–speed digital post office as people use it to
collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. In 1971 the ARPANET
grows to 23 hosts connecting universities and government research centers around the country. In
1972, the Inter–Networking Working Group becomes

Participatory Culture Paper
It's no secret that people are engaging more and more with the Internet and social media everyday. A
simple Google search can lead you to various discussion forums, Tumblr blogs, and a plethora of
hash–tagged Tweets. The Internet is an interactive medium, and as users of that medium, we have
access to innumerable amounts of data and information previous generations could only dream of.
With the rise of an interactive, communicative platform, people and companies can send and receive
messages instantaneously. Take the phenomenon of live tweeting for example: audience members
(particularly fans) watching a television show in real time can provide instant feedback of their
responses, and using particular hashtags, can have their responses appear ... Show more content on
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392). In other words, people are acting as "prosumers," a term coined by Alvin Toffler, by
consuming and producing media texts of their own (Toffler, 1989). The Internet provides a space
where this participatory culture can thrive. Discussion–based forums and boards are especially
active places where fans can interact. According to Jenkins, "message boards and forums become
knowledge communities that structure and organize the fans' knowledge about a particular text"
(Booth, 2010, pp. 37–38). From these interactive online hubs, fans can work together to create
distinct meanings unique to their fan culture and themselves, according to media scholar Paul
Booth: "Dialogue through forums and listservs create meaning for the members of the community
separated from the meaning contained (or read) within the extant media object" (Booth, 2010, pp.
37–38). Discussion boards and forums aren't the only places where this type of interaction occurs;
blogs are another place where fans can engage in this participatory culture. Blogs, and more
importantly, their ability to comment and provide feedback are integral to the interactivity and
productivity of online fandom. According to Booth, "Comments become a way for the blog to elicit
feedback and participation by members of a community." This ability to provide instantaneous
feedback fulfills the desire of instant gratification and fosters the ability to communicate more
effectively as a collective

The Importance Of Technology In Education
The United States education system has evolved a remarkably since there were minute school
houses on the prairie. In modern times, today the school systems continue to evolve in various ways.
This includes the integration technology into the curriculum and instruction of the schools.
However, this can come at a great gain and cost so the factors that contribute to technology in
school should be taken into account.
Schools need to think about the long–term effect of adding technology into classrooms because the
school system has one purpose and that is to educate the kids of today to prepare them to be the
adult of tomorrow. However, the schools today are not being held to this responsibility anymore;
they are more focused on small steps for man and not large leaps for mankind. Schools no longer
focusing on improving itself, to make it easier for teachers to teach and for students to learn, but are
simply changing itself to put "focus on test results" (Source C) so they can have a better school
ranking being disinterested to the quality and usefulness of the information being taught. Schools
need to use the same reasoning that is applied to defining a book as a good book to defining a piece
of technology useful; will it stand through the test of time? And the fact is, technology is the future,
but only some will stand that test of time. Schools need to invest in that technology such as
computers. Steven Johnson in source D is proof that computers are useful because he

The History of Computers and the Internet
With the invention of the internet in the late 1960's and early 1970's, no one had a clue what it
would one day develop into. When computers started becoming an everyday household appliance
and the internet became more widespread, social networking sites (SNS) were developed as a means
of communicating with people across the world. Friendster was launched in 2002, and grew rapidly
over the course of three months as people started connecting and networking over the internet
instead of in person. Myspace came out in 2003 as a competitor to Friendster, however Friendster
later crumbled due to the increase in the production of new SNS. Xanga, Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, and LinkedIn all followed shortly after, making SNS incredibly popular, with more than
half of the world's adults using these sites. A social networking site is described as a service that
connects people from different areas and builds relations with them based off similar careers,
interests, beliefs, etc. These social networking sites (SNS) have become incredibly popular for due
to its ability to connect people worldwide. Older individuals use it for reuniting with old family and
friends that they haven't seen in years, but SNS popularity lies primarily with young–adults. These
young adults, especially college students, use SNS as a means of communicating with people, both
new and old, and use it for a variety of reasons. However, the big question we asked pertains not
only to these SNS and its use, but

An Analysis Of Nicholas Carr 's The Shallows : What The...
Nicholas Carr published The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains in 2011 as a result
of his own personal experiences and observations of his own behavior. The book was published by
W.W. Norton & Company with ISBN 978–0–393–33975–8. Carr began working on the book after
he noticed that since the birth of the internet, he did not think in the same ways that he used to think;
he was easily distracted and had trouble concentrating on tasks requiring a lot of thought (2011).
This effect, he noticed, was not unique to him. Many of his colleagues reported that they too had
lost a lot of interest in reading books, had trouble concentrating and were easily distracted (Carr,
2011). What if, Carr wondered, everyone doesn't just prefer to do their reading on the internet for its
inherent convenience and speed but rather, what if the internet was actually changing the way we all
think? I have noticed these same effects as Carr noticed in the last ten years and they may be more
pronounced for me and others who are considered digital immigrants. I've observed that my
thinking has become flattened, distracted and I have noticed that I have trouble working on tasks
that require deep concentration. While reading The Shallows, I could relate to Carr's difficulty in
sitting down to do a lot of uninterrupted deep reading or focusing on a task requiring a lot of
concentration when reading on the internet is so much more enjoyable. The central theme of the
Carr's book is that

Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?
Since the beginning of time humankind has been revolutionary in the arts of technology. The
invention of the wheel in cavemen times to the iphone in today 's world, human beings are always
inventing new gadgets to help our society or destroy. For instance, since the breakthrough of
Facebook millions of users have subscribed to this social media, with it comes with "friends"
however most of them are strangers. It is important to realize society has been so engrossed in the
social media and internet that there has been a lost of human contact.
In the first place, social media is a an extraordinary way to stay connect with friends, relatives,
acquaintances, and significant other in reality this is not the case in real world, not electronically,
but human contact world. According the article, " Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?" by Stephen
Marche states how we as people have been dependent on the use of social media thus making us
more lonely than before. As well we don 't know about people's lives until posted on the social
media one example, is the tragic death of Yvette Vickers who died in her home and was not found
until months later due to the celebrity 's disconnection from the world. Marche states, "[Vickers] had
long been a horror–movie icon, a symbol of Hollywood 's capacity to exploit our most basic fears in
the silliest ways; now she was an icon of a new and different kind of horror: our growing fear of
loneliness" (60). Marche states about our dependence on

The History Of The Internet
The history of the Internet starts with the making of electronic computers in the 1950's. After a
bunch of rabble The first concepts of the Internet were invented in the 1960's who saw much use in
allowing computers to share information. It was mainly used for scientific and military purposes,
research, development, and sorts. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT first suggested the idea of a global
network of computers in 1962. He moved to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to
develop the Internet. A while later, the Internet was brought online in 1969, but was previously
known as ARPANET. It was done under contract with the renamed Advanced Research Projects
Agency. At first, It connected four major computers, which were located in different universities.
The mystical Internet was designed to provide a communications network that would still function
even if some dominant sites were down. The early Internet was used by computer experts,
engineers, scientists, and librarians. There were no personal computers back in the day, and
everyone who used it had to learn an extremely complex system. Two scores and three years ago,
(1972) Email was adapted by Ray Tomlinson. He selected the @ symbol from the available symbols
on his teletype to link a username and address. Some time later in the 70's, the Internet developed
further, thanks to TCP/IP architecture initially proposed by Bob Kahn. In 1986 the National Science
Foundation funded NSFNet as a cross country 56 Kbps fortitude for

The Cost Of Computers And Television 's Impact On Society
Computers have been around for what seem like decades, it's a way of life if nothing else we rely on
it so much in our daily life. It wasn't always like this our computer technology has been advancing
astronomical. When once computers were seen as a simple calculator for simple calculations. We
valued them as they were specialized machines for each person and each person could have a
different experience with the computer, recently computers have skyrocketed with improvement in
the early 20th century due to new discoveries in technology. Which has changed society in a drastic
way.
The availability of these computer and TV's have a huge impact on the society as well. In later years
not too many people owned a computer as they were only used ... Show more content on
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Some people think that this is just a simple matter of getting off the computer, it's much more than
that. I can become a disorder or an addiction, so you can expected someone to just "get of the
computer" it takes time and help. The Computer effect on children is also another study that should
be looked over as the exposure to computer can have effects on our children's health. A Study in
2000 saw that "people from the age of 2 through 17 were only on the TV /Computer for an average
of 34 min a day." Not too bad you would think yet the answer lies where "when the children have
access to those technologies, those children spend an average of 5 hours a day watching a screen."
(Behrman) This has been linked to obesity as well the study found. Showing that with more hours of
the day sucked into watching a screen kids are less active. No activity mean that kids eat and don't
burn the necessary calories they need to burn to grow properly. To help the harmful side effects that
the computer can do to a child's young mind the government as well as some other agencies have
issued media exposure limits to show parents how much time to limit on their child's time watching
TV and being on the computer. This limit was set at only 2 hours a day on the basis that parents
could influence kids to go outside and play to get the exercise and other activities like games and
sports.
As it happened to me I thought that it must have happened

The History Of The Internet Essay
The internet has come a very long way in the past 50 years. New inovations such as integrated
software and hardware has changed the way that poeple view and obtain information today. The
internet is a global computer network connecting millions and millions of users throughout the
world. "It is a network connecting many computer networks and is based on a common
addressing system and communications protocol."It has become one of the fastest growing
forms of communication today(Encyclodpedia Britannica 1999).
The Internet got started by the Defense Department as a Cold War experiment in the 1950's. The
government needed a way to relay information between tanks and ... Show more content on
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When it first started ARPAnet was limited mainly to military business by the ARPA but soon
scientists began to use it to work on research through e–mail. Not long after the first mailing list
appeared called SF–LOVERS. The ARPA repeatedly shut the growing number of mailing lists down
but gave up after a while calling it a way to "test the networks mail capacity." The
ARPAnet as it was now called began to grow and by the '80's it began to link to other college and
government networks. "NSFnet (national science foundation network) and the newly founded
usenet were among the first to be connected. These links began the "ARPAinternet"
later called just the internet." The internet grew rapidly over time and began to ease out of
government ownership and into privately owned routes. In 1990 ARPAnet was shut down but by
this time the internet had become completely public and no longer relied on the original ARPAnet. It
however still used the TCP/IP technology developed by Cerf(Buick, Joanna and Jevtic, Zoran).
"Usenet was a network similar to ARPAnet created by graduate students and faculty

The Internet History, Development And Forecast
Homework Assignment #1
Name: Suraj Bhatia
Subject: TELE5330 15890 Data networking
Topic: 'The Internet History, Development and Forecast' by Dr. Leonard Kleinrock
Internet. Interconnection of networks. But it's the former term millions of users use for probably the
greatest invention in the field of technology. Well, that's my opinion. After viewing Dr. Leonard
Kleinrock's speech on 'The Internet History, Development and Forecast' at Infocom 2006, it was
really hard to believe that it took almost a decade for people then to realize its importance. As
mentioned in his speech, though the ground work for Internet was initiated in 1957, it was not till
1966 that ARPA needed an Internet–like network for their functioning. It is quite unimaginable to
think of today's world without having access to the Internet. People are connected to the Internet for
accessing their professional and social content while organizations may have their entire foundation
built on it. It is definitely worth looking into something this huge and important, discussing its
history, assessing the present and preparing for its future. In the next two paragraphs, on the basis of
Dr. Klienrock's presentation I have discussed the impact, be it good or bad, right or wrong the
Internet has had on the way our daily business is conducted.
I like the way Dr. Klienrock has put it, 'It is the people and the culture that has kept the Internet
going on'. He has stated many positives, so let's discuss each one with an

The Good Old Days are Blurred Essay example
From time to time those that have come before us such as our moms, dads, and grandparents will
reminisce on the good old days. A time when there was no Internet so one had to read the newspaper
for updates, write rather than type during class, go to the library for research, knock for a friend, use
snail mail, etc. For me such thoughts have made the understanding of the phrase, "the good old
days" quite blurred. The fact is the so–called "good old days" was a time that seems astronomically
different, slow paced, and quite frankly dull compared to today. That is, since I can remember the
Internet has always been apart of my life, practically advancing its growth as I have grown. The
Internet has revolutionized today's society changing our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Communication and networking for any purpose such as work, friendship, relationship, interests,
employment, business, etc. has drastically changed with the Internet. It has become a much easier,
quicker, and more effective process.
Another example of the benefits of the Internet is that of information acquisition and preservation.
Back in the "good old days" acquiring information about an unfamiliar subject, or learning anything
for that matter required a knowledgeable individual, a class, or a trip to the library. However, since
the birth of the Internet and the development of Google by Larry Page and Sergey Brin all that has
changed drastically. With Google we now have the ability to search for anything we desire at the
click of a button. At a blink of an eye we are then instantaneously connected to thousands of
pictures, articles, videos, books, etc. about our subject of choice such as sports. Furthermore, we not
only have the ability to learn from educational documents; but from each other as well. That is,
Individuals throughout the years have become more comfortable with sharing their experiences and
voicing an opinion such as blogs, reviews, and testimonials. The fact is the Internet provides so
many helpful sources for individuals to learn that one could practically teach their self.
In conclusion, the Internet has changed the

Evaluation of Will the Web Kill Colleges Essay
Evaluation of Zephyr Teachout's Article "Will the Web Kill Colleges?"
The article brings to some interesting views on the futures of colleges and the experience that goes
along with that first important step into adulthood. He brings some serious points to the argument.
First, the traditional college experience versus an online college experience. Next, the quality of the
online course information, as well as, having a tenured professor or an average non–degreed person
teaching/monitoring a course. Then, he asks the question "Will employers take a person with an
online degree just as serious as a traditional means degree?" Will they hold the same water so to
speak? And finally, he weighs the pros and cons of the cost of ... Show more content on
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You can order anything from books, movies, dinner, household items. You can even do our banking
and manage your finances over the web. Eventually accountants are bound to evaluate the medium
and experiment with providing their current and expanded services over the Internet (Kogan, Sudit,
Vasarhelyi. 2009). The challenge for the profession is to offer a balance of services that are sound,
that eventually will be profitable, and that satisfy the needs of e–commerce
and of society at large. As specific new offerings like online tax consulting, and remote auditing
evolve, demand for the electronic version of traditional services, such as accounting/bookkeeping
services on the net will follow (Kogan, Sudit,
Vasarhelyi. 2009). With these challenges to accountants, they will have to change their current
methods of calculating, writing, storing, and talking to the client from on paper and in person to all
done over the computer and internet. Historically, accounting was performed in columned ledger
books and required hours to record relevant information. Each transaction was recorded in daily
activity, then summarized into monthly results and quarterly, annual and comparative reports. One
or more clerks were responsible for recording this data legibly by hand, many using ink pens that
would lead to reworking a page with too many accidental ink blots. Those using pencils and erasers
had some flexibility and could then "ink over" final reports, making the

The Use Of The Media In Media Democracy And The Internet
Throughout the years, the Media has contributed to the dissemination of information that sways
public opinion. Media Democracy is understood as a group of reforms that makes the information
more accessible to the society. These reforms include providing a better service of public service
broadcasting and encouraging people to participate in different types of Media by sharing their
opinions (Torbert). Its main goal is to promote and establish democratic values by providing
transparent information to the communities and avoiding corruption (Torbert). Therefore, Media
Democracy uses the different platforms that compose the Media to achieve its goal. One of these
different platforms is the Internet. This platform provides a huge amount of information to the
people through learning websites such as Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia created by
Jimmy Wales. It uses a Wiki software, which allows anyone to create, edit, share and copy articles.
Wikipedia is run by thousands and thousands of contributors from all around the world who write
articles in many languages and post them live on the Internet. Thus, the use of the Internet in Media
Democracy allows the society to have a broad and quick access to the information through learning
websites. However, the use of Wikipedia in Media Democracy reduces the development of critical
thinking skills and encourage the autodidactism making the classrooms obsolete. The principal role
of Wikipedia in the community is to

Nicholas G. Carr's 'Is Google Making us Stupid?': Summary...
Garrett Mastin English 1010 Instructor Renaud 6 February, 2013 Is Google making us Stupid: An
article by Nicholas Carr Over history technology has changed mankind's overall culture. From
clocks to computers the use of electronics and tools is occurring every day in almost all situations.
In Carr's article "Is Google Making us Stupid?" he introduces the idea how the internet is changing
our lives by making us mentally process information differently from the past, based off previous
changes in history. Carr explains how we think less deeply and rely on quick facts, versus using
critical thinking and research. Also he explains how our brain is malleable, and may be changed by
the internet's impression. Lastly Carr talks about what the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Carr could be correct, society may become more and more simple minded and leave extended
thinking in the past with paper text. In "Is Google Making us stupid", Carr explains how the brain is
malleable and how the internet might be shaping it by literally rewiring the brains network. Carr
gives a brief example of how neurons can be made and broke depending on what things shape the
way things are done. By being used to instant searching and internet preferences, the brain
reprograms itself in being used that certain way. He thinks by using the internet so much, we will
become more and more objective and quick thinkers, and ultimately emotionless computers. He also
gives examples of how the clock and typewriter changed our way of thinking in the past. Adapting
this way will rewire thought processes and continue to dictate how we act. Carr's theory may be
more obvious as we continue to be reliant on technology. (Carr) Again I agree with Carr's theory on
changing the brain's thought processes because the proof is in the history of mankind. When Carr
stated the fact of how the clock had made a huge impact on how we go about our day, I realized its
significance. Modern culture is completely shaped by time, when we eat, sleep, work, and much
more. I have seen this first hand when I worked with Native Americans. They do not rely on time
frame, and kind of live, work, and do as they feel and the setting of day. Knowing the clock has
made such a huge impact on our lives, I

The History and Development of the Internet
To start with, we have to discuss the historical backdrop of the Internet and its development. The
Internet developed out of improvements in bundle exchanging and circulated machine systems
intended to be secure in time of war. Throughout the last few decades, the Internet has had
monstrous developing. Several years back, numerous individuals completed not have machine
information and were not mindful of how to utilize it. Today, the Internet is utilized regularly for
just about every errand. A huge number of Americans have a workstation at home and the vast
majority of these managers have admittance to the Net. It has gotten to be so easy to take a seat at a
machine and only click starting with one page then onto the next for quite some time. This has made
it a pastime to simply surf the Internet for quite some time. It is entertaining to any distinctive
paying little mind to age. There are numerous kids that have admittance to a machine either at home
or in their schools and they know how to utilize it to surf the net. School learners have more
presentation than most age assemblies for a few reasons. This is on account of most colleges issue
an email location to each understudy that is enlisted for classes. Various colleges incorporate the
expense for the Internet benefit inside their educational cost rates, so full time people have ensured
access. Numerous teachers urge scholars to utilize the Net to keep learners redesigned with the
innovation that is accessible

General Electric
Mini Case Study
Can GE Remake Itself as a Digital Firm? General Electric (GE) is the world 's largest diversified
manufacturer. Fortune named GE "America 's Most Admired Company" in 1998, 1999, and 2000.
Jack Welch, GE 's CEO and Chairman since 1981, is often cited as the most admired CEO in the
United States. Headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, the company consists of 20 units, including
Appliances, Broadcasting (NBC), Capital, Medical Systems, and Transportation Systems. With the
acquisition of Honeywell, announced in October 2000, GE became a company of $155 billion in
revenue and 460,000 employees in 100 countries. Despite GE 's size and old–economy businesses,
Internet Week awarded GE its e–Business company of 2000. Did GE ... Show more content on
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Reiner ordered GE units to "come back with alternative approaches that enhance value to the
customer and reduce total costs." The Internet initiative started by changing GE 's culture at the very
top. GE 's internal newsletters and many of Welch 's memos became available only online. To give
blue–collar workers access to the Net, GE installed computer kiosks on factory floors. One thousand
top managers and executives, including Welch (who also had to take typing lessons), were assigned
young, skilled mentors to work with them three–to–four hours per week to make them comfortable
with the Web. They had to become able to evaluate their competitors ' Web sites and to use the Web
in other beneficial ways. Every GE employee was given training. Welch announced in 2000, that GE
would reduce administrative expenses by 30–to–50 percent (around $10 billion) within 18 months
through use of the Internet. Many projects came out of the initiative. For example GE Medical
Systems, which manufactures diagnostic imaging systems such as CAT scanners and mammography
equipment, identified its DYB threat as aggregators, such as WebMD, which offered unbiased
information on competing products as well as selling them. GE products on these sites looked like
just another commodity. The unit 's major response was iCenter,

History of Internet Essay examples
Without a doubt, the Internet is undergoing a major transition as it experiences a tremendous influx
of new users. Due to the anarchic, distributed nature of the net, we cannot even begin to enumerate
the population of the Internet or its growth. As more of the world's population moves on–line, new
concerns will arise which did not confront the earlier generations. The new culture will demand
different resources, services and technology than the old generations expected and used. Already we
can witness a clash between the emergent culture and the entrenched culture. The largest conflicts
occurring now are about sharing resources, the impending commercialization of the net, and the
growing problem of computer crime.
The Internet was born ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is only in the past year or two that we have begun to see the explosion of the new generation on
the Internet. Businesses have begun connecting themselves to the net, especially with the prospect
of the NSFNET backbone changing hands to permit commercial traffic. Public access nets run by
communities or businesses are springing up in cities all over the world, bringing in users who know
little about computers and are more interested in the entertainment and information they can glean
from the net.
Commercial providers like America Online and Compuserve are beginning to open gateways from
their exclusive services to the open Internet, specifically allowing their users to access email,
netnews and soon ftp and telnet services. The explosion of BBSs and the shared Fidonet software
has brought many users who were previously unable to get an account through a university to the
world of email and netnews. At this point, anyone with a computer and a modem can access these
most basic services. Several state s, such as Maryland, have begun efforts to connect all their
residents to the net, often through their library system. The city of Cambridge,
MA now offers access to the world wide web for short segments of time in its public libraries, and
even several progressive coffeehouses in the San Francisco Bay area and soon in the Boston area are
offering public net access.
In the last 20 years, the net has developed slowly, adapting comfortably as its

Member Of Organization That Operated Online Marketplace...
Cybercrime is a crime that is done using the internet (Burton, 2007). Cybercrime is growing as the
internet has grown in popularity. We now use the internet to conduct business, to do banking, for our
healthcare, and to communicate with our friends and family. The internet holds an amazing amount
of information on people and businesses. The internet gives those who want to use this information
for illegal purposes, a tool to access unlimited information. As the growth of the internet has
exploded, so has cybercrime. Understanding how these crimes are committed, and how to protect
information on the internet is vital.
Cybercrimes
An organization called Carder.su, was being investigated by the United States government for credit
and debit card fraud ("Member of Organization that Operated Online Marketplace Sentenced",
2014). Members of this organization were trafficking compromised credit card information using
the internet ("Member of Organization that Operated Online Marketplace Sentenced", 2014). There
were around 5,500 members, and 40 of these members were caught and charged in 2012 ("Member
of Organization that Operated Online Marketplace Sentenced", 2014). One of those caught was
Camez, who was sentenced to twenty years in prison for his part in a cybercrime group (German,
2014). He was convicted of racketeering charges for his part in cybercrimes that reached across the
world (German, 2014). This is the first time that the Justice Department used a

The History and Future of the Internet Essay
The History and Future of the Internet
Many believe the internet was an over night sensation, that one day, someone invented the internet
and it spread in popularity faster than Tickle Me Elmo or the Macarena. Although the internet did
have a surge of commercial popularity, with the invention of Mosaic and later with e–commerce, it
was created many years ago with the development of military networking technologies. Also, the
internet, unlike many pop culture fads of the nineties, will continue to see a growth in popularity
and usefulness as a form of media throughout the information age. Sure, the internet became
overambitious to the point where many internet start–up companies lost their businesses in the
recession of the past few ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mosaic, created by Marc Andreessen, is described as the killer application for the internet. Because
it was the first program to provide a slick multimedia graphical user interface, people had a reason
to logon and download their free version of this monumental application. Mosaic soon turned into
Netscape Navigator and the rest is history (dictionary.com).
Through the internet was original used to support the development of the military many years ago, it
became a commercial commodity in the nineties and into the new millennium. The internet grew
and grew as an explosion of people logging on and creating their own personal website. Companies
could advertise their products, people could freely send emails; there was no limit or bounds to its
never ending content. Competition between internet providers increased the speed of the internet
from dial–up to DSL/Cable to Ethernet. However, despite an enormous increase in availability and
internet traffic in the early years of the new millennium, a decrease in consumer confidence saw to
the death of many start–up companies. It was hard to keep up with the expansion of the internet
during its turbulent growth in the late nineties. Many companies that started a retail or service
business made a lot of money in a short amount of time and then lost it all. This volatile market saw
the quick decline in the consumers' loyalty in internet

History, Development, and Societal Impact of the Internet
AO2 Drivers for continued development
Technological
Advances in technology have encouraged progression of the internet and have sometime been a
drive of development. The advert of broadband has allowed communications to be faster, which has
facilitated the transfer of larger file such as sound and video. This ability marked the beginning of
the modern era of sites such as YouTube and iTunes. When looking at the technical side, the internet
is developing rapidly. The reason for this would be that the technology today. Such as windows 8,
this has appeared on msn advertisements, which shows us a sneak peak of what is different about it
from the previous windows 7. Because the internet has new ideas that are getting more and more to
a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the internet has a long way to go before meeting the standards. Many years ago, the
political process was not used within the internet. It has been said that the General Election would
become a success if the internet could hold the answer to solve its problems. However, this does
have its disadvantage because the internet could maybe cause political standards to collapse. Also to
the point that Stuart MacLennan was fired from being a Labour Candidate because of unpleasant
posts, he made on social network site Twitter. However, it had been said that these sort of problems
needed to be dealt with when it comes to the web, because they can "come back to bite you".
Due to the internet growing and increasing more and more by the minute, those political
organizations have tried to deal with it by getting people online to listen; this is because of the
changes that are happening within different communication over the internet. Even through social
network sites like twitter, Facebook had helped Barack Obama to gain more assistance and
supporting with financial support to becoming president of United States of America in terms of
getting more votes. However, is a disadvantage because when it came to Labour Mr MacLennan's
remarks over the network site Twitter and that this had been the case that had been explained by
well–acknowledged people that things within the internet could be easily retrieved once deleted. In
addition, those users should think many times

I Want Read a Content from This Website
http://www.dgt.uns.ac.rs/pannonica/papers/volume4_07.pdf http://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/518–
2013–11–05–42_garin–munoz.pdf The Role of the Internet in the Development of World Tourism
ABSTRACT: Tourism industry is considered as one of the largest and the mostdiverseindustries in
the world. After the machinery and oil industry, this industry as a modern service industryandthe
device to create connectivity among nations and various people in the world have been under public
attention. Attention to this industry especially in the countries which are rich in historic, cultural and
natural attraction resources is more considerable. Due to the lack of marketing, the role of this
industry in the developing countries is paler than before. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They opened their own web–sites. In January 1996 there were about 5000 sites connected with
tourism, nowadays this figure has reached 80000 sites (O'Konner, 1999). Tourist sites are different
not only in content but in the character of their management as well. In some cases suppliers of
tourist services carry it out, sometimes intermediaries.
The importance of Internet for the travel and tourism industry has increased rapidly over the last few
years. Understanding how travellers behave is of critical importance to travel suppliers and tourism
authorities for formulating appropriate marketing strategies so as to fully exploit the potential of this
channel.
Nowadays, the Internet is a very important engine for Global Economy. In 2007 the number of
Internet users attempted more than 1.250 billion (La Documentation Française 2007). And
nowadays the Internet not only allowed to communicate, it also allowed to advertized a product, to
market this product and ultimately to sell it/buy it. So the Internet become a new market and creates
a new way to consume: the "Electronic commerce, commonly known as e–commerce consists of the
buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other
computer networks" (Webster's online Dictionary 2010).
Actually, 40% of web users are also online buyers and this market was estimated in 2001 at more
than 1 trillion dollars (Z. Zhou

Military Drone Strikes
GPS, drones, spying, and nuclear war are all capabilities of the everyday items around us. These
"normal" devices such as an iPhone or computer are all part of an enormous web infrastructure
called the internet of things (IOT). The internet of things is a link between the online world and the
physical world through connected devices which can achieve physical accomplishments such as
taking a pulse. The Internet of things was said to have been discovered in 1999 during a presentation
at Procter and Gamble. When Business moguls were trying to find a way to make the internet
profitable, they manufactured the term internet of things. Ironically, IOT tracked its usage of term
online through "Google Trends". According to Google, since 2004 IOT was ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Further implication of the internet of things will destroy the American culture that was built upon an
innovative but cautious society. IOT is essentially creating an internet stock bubble full of subprime
security and the fallacy of a more connected world. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next step in
IOT to complete a fully connected environment between conscious life and technological
advancement. "Stephen Hawking himself recently posted that when true artificial intelligence is
achieved, humankind is finished" (tripwire). The slippery slope of innovation is clearly shown when
IOT reaches artificial intelligence because where do humans draw the line when AI is building its
own race? The American society would inevitably be controlled by a dystopian nervous system of
IOT devices similar to that of the Borg from Star Trek: The Next Generation. Human–kind would
innovate itself out of the equation in order to satisfy the unending human urge for discovery. The
U.S would not conduct foreign affairs in the same way as it does currently because our country
would be more susceptible to hacking and large scale cyber attacks from enemy countries. The right
of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects is covered by the U.S
constitution's fourth amendment. This amendment becomes virtually useless because of the
logistical nightmare that IOT

Impacts of Computer
Effects of Computer on Society Everyone knows that this is the age of computer and majority of
people are using computer. Development of science and technology has direct effect on our daily
life as well as in our social life. Computer technology has made communication possible from one
part of the world to the other in seconds. They can see the transactions in one part of the world while
staying in the other part. Computer development is one of the greatest scientific achievements of the
20 the century. Computers are particularly good at performing repetitive tasks at speeds far faster
than any human or team of humans can. Small computers like home and personal computers can
also perform menial tasks much faster than human beings. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Computer has both negative and positive impacts on our daily lives. The Internet can also affect our
jobs. Computers can calculate and figure out things much quicker than the average person. This
process cannot only save time, but money too. Stock trading is now on the Internet, along with
banking and any other type of business you could imagine. The world wants thing to be quick and
easy. The best answer to that is to have a computer do it for you. In the future, hundreds of millions
of jobs will be taken away from honest hard–working employees and will be given to computers.
No matter what choices we make, or what plans we change, these outcomes are going to become
real. Now people do not need to attend schools in public because they go to school online which
saves money and time. Every day computers are getting more advanced and some day it will be
computers ruling our world. Computers and the Internet are definitely affecting the way we entertain
ourselves. The most basic example is card games. If the computer can deal out cards on a screen
with the click of a button, why would anyone want to deal out a deck of cards manually and have to
clean them up afterwards? On the Internet, you can gamble with on–line casinos, place bets on a
horse race, or even watch movies. People can do all of these activities in the comfort of their own
home. No gas money is wasted or time spent driving around to find entertainment so people are

Censoring the Internet
Censoring the Internet When most people think about the internet, they think of it as a super
highway system that has the capability to transfer information. The internet grew up to become an
expanding source for amusement and intelligence; in a way that we have never seen before. Since
there isn't anything like the internet, as more people become more recognized with the internet, the
information that surrounds the internet develops as well. Anyone can post ideas about whatever they
want at any time of the day. The internet allows us to debate or discuss our personal or social
thoughts willingly. With the use of spreading information, without buying additional materials to
post information, the internet seemingly grew into the power hub of information. There has been a
thriving dispute over whether there should be restrictions to the material we post. Some believe that
the internet should be censored, which would have the ability to block any content that is believed to
be a danger for society. I believe that some information should be censored like the promotion of
weapons and pornography to children, but that should be the parents' issue. Since the internet grew
up to be such a huge part of our world, I believe that censoring the internet would create more
problems for the future. The internet belongs to everyone, so we should all have the ability to post
anything we want to say. Censoring the internet is like having a prison guard monitoring everything
you are

Social Security Threats
The Internet today is used by people of various ages. Although the internet is a great and useful
resource, yet internet dangers are around every corner. The use of technology has turned from
educational resources or connecting with family across the globe to negative threats. Identity theft,
cyberbullying, inappropriate content, sexual predators, and negative reputation are a few of the
threats lurking on the internet. In the past years, social media has been immensely popular such as
Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and WhatsApp. In the beginning of the internet age, the concern of
internet safety was to block inappropriate content, but now it also about saving people from being a
victim of the dangerous hackers and fake scams. Follow these guidelines to help stay away from
these dangerous.
When an anonymous individual acquires one's personal data, such as Social Security number or
driver's license number or credit card, to execute a fraud is known as identity theft. "Fraudsters stole
$16 billion from 12.7 million U.S. consumers in 2014, with a new identity fraud victim popping up
about every two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The general online rule is to not add any strangers and unfortunately this generation measures
"coolness" to a number of followers or friend's one has online. In order to be "cool," people add
random strangers to the accounts. Although not everyone online is a predator, but there are some, so
it is better to be safe than sorry. One of the best ways to stay safe on the internet is to never give out
any personal data, for example, home address, school name, phone number, and inappropriate
pictures. Another way to stay safe is to not meet a random online stranger in a random place.
Predators flatter the victims to start conversations, don't be suspicious of everyone because of that
but just be aware. If a problem occurs online, contact a trusted individual for

Rhetorical Analysis Of Is Google Making Us Stupid By...
Rhetorical Analysis of "Is Google Making Us Stupid" by Nicholas Carr Technology has rapidly
developed and became a dominant factor in our society in the United States today. This essay's
purpose is to examine the effectiveness and relevance of the argument whether or not the
convenience of the Internet has negatively affected people's way of read and think by Nicholas Carr
on his article, "Is Google Making Us Stupid". Despite the challenging title, Carr successfully raised
his concern using anecdotes, research studies, and analogy between the Internet and the press in a
neutral voice without denying the advantages of the Internet. Even though being published in 2008,
the article's argument is still a tricky question. This essay will discuss the background of the author
and article, the main claim of the article, the rhetorical tools are used to support the main claim, and
how it is still relevant to our society today. Nicholas Carr, who has a M.A in English and American
Literature and Language from Harvard University, has written for many periodicals including The
Atlantic, the Wall Street Journal, and the New York Times. One of his essays, "Is Google Making Us
Stupid?", published in 2008, was awarded as one of The Best Technology Writing. Carr's intended
audience was American since his essay was published by The Atlantic, an American magazines
provides news and analysis on many areas including politics, business, and technology. In addition,
Carr starts his essay with a scene from a popular science fiction movie by Stanley Kubrick, "2001: A
Space Odyssey." His intended audience were well–educated and had certain interests on technology
and its effects on people's lives. As a writer who has been observing his own reading habit, Carr
notices that the instant access to information makes him form a new reading habit that is skimming
instead of deep–reading. That not only happens to him, but also to his friends who are bloggers who
used to read and write very often. "Scott Karp, who writes a blog about online media, recently
confessed that he has stopped reading books altogether. The way I read has changed, i.e. I'm just
seeking convenience, but because the way I THINK has changed?" (Carr par. 5). Another

History Of The Internet Essay example
The year is 1957 and the USSR has just launched the first artificial earth satellite. In response
America launches the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DOD) to create America's lead in science and
technology. The Internet had its humble beginnings here, within ARPA's many projects.
The Internet has become one of the key symbols of today's pop culture: everything has a "dot com"
address; people do not say "call me," but instead its
"I'll E–mail you;" and the new word on the stock market is "E–business." The
Internet has not always been such a key figure in American life; in fact it was mostly unheard of
until recently.
The theory for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The final problem that ARPAnet came across was the fact that most computers did not run exactly
the same hardware or software as another. Their solution to this was to build smaller computers
(called Interface Message
Processors or IMPs) that were in direct contact with the main computer and also in connection with
the other IMPs on the network. All of the IMPs were built to the same specifications so that one
could easily communicate with the other5.
In 1968 all three of these developments were put into action when ARPA sent out proposals and
requests for contractors. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman,
Inc. (BBN) were awarded the contract to build the IMPs, University of California,
Los Angeles (UCLA) was awarded the Network Measurement Center contract, and the Network
Working Group (NWG) was formed to develop host protocols for the soon to be developed
ARPAnet. Nodes are set up as soon as BBN builds the IMP for that location. The first node was at
UCLA and installed on
August 30, 1969. It was the Network Measurement center and ran on the SDS
SIGMA7 operating system. The second node was setup on October 1, 1969, at
Stanford Research Institute. It was the Network Information Center (NIC) and ran on the
SDS940/Genie operating system. Node three was installed
November 1, 1969, at University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). It served as the
mathematical

History of the Internet Essay
What we know today as the Internet began as a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA) project in 1969, which was designed to connect several research databases across the
country. However, until the end of 1991, the advances were almost completely technical, as the
goals set by those responsible in its growth were beyond what the hardware was capable of
providing. In 1988, the Internet began to receive attention in the popular press, when the first
documented computer virus was released at Cornell University. 1991 marked the beginning of the
transition of the Internet as we know it today, with the National Science Foundation's
reinterpretation of its Acceptable Use Policy to allow for commercial traffic across its network, the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surratt in 2001 notes that some use the internet as a lawless zone to tout online hate, shielded by
claims of free speech, others who have failed to grasp the technology form a sort of lower class of
"have–nots". The Internet is frequently considered as the great meeting ground for people of
different cultures. Whether these interactions are considered synergistic or simply collisions is very
dependent on who the parties are, what context they meet in, and the overall social context, both
online and offline that exists at the time of their interactions. One anecdote of praise from Valvovic
is that the "core values of humanity seem to get hammered out at ground level rather than in the
stratospheric soarings of detached thinkers." Indeed, the Internet serves as a central hub of dialogue
among all class levels, but Valvovic points out that there is a very real danger in old and new value
systems will fail to meet within cyberspace, instead "quietly exchang[ing] places in the chaos of a
transitional society 'distracted from distraction,' in the words of T.S. Eliot. As the internet becomes
an increasing more accessible academic tool, it also is becoming more and more polluted with
inaccurate information. Common criticism of the information on

Internet History, Security And Technology
Internet history, security and technology are one of our generations technological advancement that
influences and moving the world more in to a globalized system. This is my own personal
perspective that showed and clearly stated about the benefit of this development and what is the
positive and the negative that potential influence the world.
What is an advantage of internet technology globally ? Surprisingly an internet history, security and
technology have been over twenty–year's sins actively existed and become a popular around our
great world for good. The internet technology and World Wide Web seems to have changed
dramatically since then and money things has been changed around internet technology
development globally. It seems great development around world trade that run every business any
place in the world without boundary because of globalization. We buy and sell a product from any
corner of world we want online and we can even have a trade deal with a small and big corporate
business online nationally and or internationally. Have a great interaction among different country's
government, businesses organization, and society in globally. Internets technology developments
allow the world global trade an outstanding role, gave a chance to industries and trade system
actively reached all over the world and helped the global trade system where it belongs today. This
development is allowed world societies to have had 'a great interaction' and

The Internet : The History Of The Internet
History of the Internet Chances are you know someone right now that was alive before the internet
was even in the works. In just thirty four years the internet has advanced further than anyone ever
expected it to. The internet is everywhere and being in things such as computers, phones, tablets,
televisions and many other pieces of technology, it has an endless amount of uses. Before the
internet, news would not travel as fast and less things were known about the world and the people in
it. During the early age of the computer, computers were expensive to produce and operate, and
were separated by distance and purpose, forcing a single person who wanted to access multiple
functions and information to physically travel to a site where multiple computers were located. The
internet which in its early stage was known as ARPANET was created by the US Department of
Defenses Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The concept of ARPANET was first thought
of in 1962 when a man by the name of J.C.R. Licklider who attended MIT wrote a series of memos
in August 1962 discussing his "Galactic Network" concept. He imagined a world wide system, all of
which was connected by computers where everyone could quickly access data and programs from
any site at any time. His idea very was much like the Internet of the world we live in now. Licklider
was the first head of the computer research program at ARPA, starting in October 1962. While at
ARPA he convinced his successors, Bob Taylor,

The History of the Internet Essay
The History of the Internet
When one thinks of the internet, one may think of America Online, Yahoo!, or of Sandra Bullock
being caught up in an espionage conspiracy. For me, it is a means of communication. A way to talk
to some of my friends who live off in distant places such as Los Angeles, New Jersey, and the
Philippines. The U.S. Defense Department originally had this intent in mind when they connected a
computer network with various other radio and satellite networks.[1 Krol] They wanted a means of
communicating within the U.S. military that could withstand partial outages, such a bomb attacks,
and still function.[2 Krol]
In this paper I will cover the internet's experimental beginnings, the commercialization of this ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the governing body who takes care of operational
and near–tearm technical problems of the internet.[7 ibid]
Along with all conveniences, there is a price to pay. Though information could be obtained from the
internet for free, everyone has to pay for their own access to it.
Just like NSF pays for NSFNET and NASA pays for NASA Science Internet, individuals pay their
Internet Service Provider and their telephone company for access to the internet.[8 ibid] As Ed Krol
in said in The Whole Internet User's Guide, "everyone pays for their part."
The internet, just like the light bulb and the airplane, started out as an idea. In August 1962, a
researcher at MIT by the name of J.C.R. Licklider wrote a series of memos that outlined a "Galactic
Network" of interconnected computers whereby everyone could quickly access information and
programs from any site.[9 Leiner] Another researcher at
MIT, Leonard Kleinrock, published a paper in July 1961 that would make communication on the
internet more feasible.[10 ibid] Kleinrock's paper on the packet switching theory convinced MIT
researcher Lawrence Roberts to set up an experiment that involved connecting a TX–2 computer at
MIT to a AN/FSQ–32 computer at System Development Corp. at Santa Monica, California.[11 ibid]
This experiment resulted in the first computer

Nicholas Carr Is Google Making USupid Summary
Jet Ski or Scuba Dive Reading texts, emails, tweets, articles, and web browsing in general have us
reading more today than at any time in our history. The question is if reading all of these short
snippets of information is nearly as valuable to us as reading whole texts was to us in the past.
The internet that so many of us have come to depend on is a vast trove of information that is readily
available to all of us. Having access to all of that information is an amazing thing but we should also
consider what we may be loosing because of the way that we consume that information. Is reading
these short bites of information one after another causing us to loose the ability to actually focus on
one longer piece of text and contemplate its meaning? This is the question that Nicholas Carr looks
at in his article "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carr writes articles and books on technology, business, and culture, and has written for the
Guardian, the New York Times, and the Wall Street Journal. He is a well established writer and was
a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in 2011. Carr wrote this article because he found himself having a hard
time focusing on any type of deep reading, something that he feels is very important to having a
well rounded mind. He emphasizes that because the internet is structured to be a massive amount of
information read one small piece at a time, our minds are starting to reflect that. He is writing for an
intellectual audience who are probably for the most part highly educated. His audience would be
those who can see the importance of the way that we consume information, and how our brains use
that information. His writing in this article does a very good job of reaching that audience thanks to
his obvious knowledge on the subject, and how he relates to his

History of Internet
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET
OUTLINE
1B
MODULE
Steps Toward Modern Computing 31 First Steps: Calculators 31 The Technological Edge:
Electronics 31 Putting It All Together: The ENIAC 36 The Stored–Program Concept 36 The
Computer's Family Tree 37 The First Generation (1950s) 37 The Second Generation (Early 1960s)
38 The Third Generation (Mid–1960s to Mid–1970s) 39 The Fourth Generation (1975 to the
Present) 41 A Fifth Generation? 44 The Internet Revolution 45 Lessons Learned 48
WHAT YOU'LL LEARN . . .
After reading this module, you will be able to: 1. Define the term "electronics" and describe some
early electronic devices that helped launch the computer industry. 2. Discuss the role that the
stored–program concept ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A calculator is a machine that can perform arithmetic functions with numbers, including addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.
The Technological Edge: Electronics
Today's computers are automatic, in that they can perform most tasks without the need for human
intervention. They require a type of technology that was unimaginable in the nineteenth century. As
Figure 1B.1 shows, nineteenth–century inventor Charles Babbage came up with the first design for a
Figure
1B.1
Steps Toward Modern Computing: A Timeline
quipa (15th and 16th centuries) At the height of their empire, the Incas used complex chains of
knotted twine to represent a variety of data, including tribute payments, lists of arms and troops, and
notable dates in the kingdom's chronicles.

( abacus (4000 years ago to 1975) Used by merchants throughout the ancient world. Beads represent
figures (data); by moving the beads according to rules, the user can add, subtract, multiply, or
divide. The abacus remained in use until a worldwide deluge of cheap pocket calculators put the
abacus out of work, after being used for thousands of years.
(
(
Jacquard 's loom (1804) French weaver Joseph–Marie Jacquard creates an automatic, programmable
weaving machine that creates fabrics with richly detailed patterns. It is controlled by means of
punched cards. Pascal's calculator (1642) French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal, the
son of an accountant, invents

Essay on Singapore
How might the Singapore society differ were it not for these technologies – would the society be
more or less heavily regulated? Lee recommends analysing politics and society by addressing how
power struggles and relations were played out in the pre–Internet era, namely the maintenance of
political control via public support (2005: 74). Foucault defines 'governmentality' as the point of
contact where the technologies of power interact with the governed. This spurs Lee to postulate that,
in order to retain power in the Internet era, 'governments need to be actively involved in shaping the
design as well as the societal, cultural and regulatory environment in which the Internet and other
new media technologies operate' (2005: 75). One ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are examples of society being shaped by government via technology, but Castells maintains
that society shapes technology according to its needs and desires, not vice versa (2005: 3). However,
Singapore is a society that has a history of being heavily influenced by government policy. As such,
there is less resistance to technologically–governed control, which supports the idea that the
relationship between society and technology is a co–constituted one. Singaporean society in the
context of ICT is perhaps unique because it is different from other countries that readily adopted and
promoted similar technologies. Ragnedda believes that 'new digitalized surveillance allowed a new
form of social control that tries to direct and influence the behaviour of people', but the technologies
themselves are merely tools (2011: 180). As Lee affirms, Singapore considered itself as having a
legitimate right to influence and manage the citizenry (2005: 79). Therefore, it is little surprise the
Singapore government has considerable surveillance capabilities and does not require a court
warrant for monitoring (O'Hara, 2008: 15). Lee asserts that the relatively low level of online public
engagement in politics is a product of the PAP's intolerance for political dissent (2005: 78). In many
respects, society itself has not changed,

Phones And Internet's Impact On The Devices Of Teenagers...
Our phones and internet have definitely turned our society upside down. They've been come so
addictive to the point where most people say they can't live without them. Whether you want to text
your friend to find out what she's wearing today or find out what the homework was because you
forgot to copy it down. While phones have made communication so much easier this may lead to a
dangerous situation where you find yourself chatting with an anonymous user who might be a
predator. Harlan Coben a New York Times bestseller author of fiction novels, warns parents that this
might be their child's fate and doesn't want you finding your child in this situation. In the article
"The Undercover parent" Coben suggests that parents should monitor their kid's device and internet
activity. With the technology we have today a spyware should be installed on the devices of teens
and children With the technology we have today anyone can access the internet whether you're
young or old. Teens have access to apps that allow them to talk to strangers like; Tinder, Kik,
Instagram and Snapchat. All these apps have one thing in common, they allow teens to talk to
anyone online even random strangers. Coben mentions an example of an online experience gone
wrong "The young boy unknowingly conversing with a pedophile..."(1) People online might act
very young to get teens to open up to them and get comfortable but in reality they might be as old as
their dad or even older. Some teens that use these apps

The Tipping Point By Malcom Gladwell
In The Tipping Point by Malcom Gladwell, Gladwell discusses how ideas are spread as a result of
social epidemics. Through his concepts of The Law of the Few, The Stickiness Factor, and The
Power of Context, we can examine how certain 'sticky' trends spread through our society. The trend
I will be examining now is the current 'man bun' epidemic. The so called 'man bun' came to be the
latest fashion trend for men due in part to the internet and to other factors as discussed in Gladwell's
The Tipping Point. 2015 was a year of many different trends spreading throughout society, but
arguably none more polarizing than that of the man bun. Men growing their hair out long is nothing
new, but 2015 was populated with men of all ages pulling their hair into buns at the top of their
head. We have now reached a point in history where a Google search for 'man bun' will reveal
headlines such as "Official Site for Manbuns and Long Hair" or "Am I Man Enough for a Man
Bun?", and advertisements for "Clip On Instant Man Bun." How did we get to this point? A few
years prior to this and such a search may have revealed nothing more than an ironic desert recipe.
How did our society get to this point, then? According to Gladwell, trends like this that become
popular overnight due to their ability to spread like the flu. Such trends can be labeled 'social
epidemics' and Gladwell uses three rules to describe their ability to spread so rapidly. The first rule
Gladwell describes is termed The Law of

The Negative Effects Of The Shallowss
Throughout the book The Shallows, by Nicholas Carr, he explains the history of mankind and their
evolution of communications. As time progressed, humans' forms of communication advanced from
pictures and hieroglyphics to spoken language to written language. As we created a form of written
language, Johannes Gutenberg was able to invent the world's first printing press. After this
invention, written pieces of information became able to be printed onto paper and bonded together
to form a book. Once books began being made, it allowed readers to begin reading in depth and start
to understand the concept that the book's author is trying to convey. But when the internet was
developed, it had taken a toll on individuals' capability of storing long term memory and made
humans into people who are constantly distracted by the internet, lacking attentiveness and focus.
The internet and the way we chose to make use of it made us into "shallow" people. One of the
internet's negative effect on humans is that we are now incapable of storing long term memory.
Before the internet was incorporated into the daily lives of humans, they developed a habit of deep
reading. As a result of deep reading, people's extensive concentration was "combined with the
highly active and efficient deciphering of text and interpretation of meaning," (Carr 64). Since deep
reading called for much needed concentration, deciphering, and interpretation, the brain of the
reader was shaped into "a literary brain"

History Of The Internet

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