Rainbow Warrior Research Paper

Rainbow Warrior Research Paper
The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior was an event that truly began when Greenpeace first formed, almost two decades before the bombing in Auckland
Harbour occured. In the late 1960s, the United States government planned to carry out nuclear testing on Amchitka, an unstable island in Alaska which
had a dangerous fault line and was prone to earthquakes and tsunamis after the serious earthquake in Alaska, 1964. A group known as the 'Don't Make
A Wave' committee formed to protest against the nuclear testing on the island. The committee began to make plans for other campaigns against nuclear
testing elsewhere, as well as establishing their first office in Vancouver, Canada. Many of the members then decided to take the next step with their
committee,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although Greenpeace's campaign in the early 1970s had created positive change for the environment and people by forcing the French government
to move their testing underground, it caused serious conflict between France and Greenpeace. This led to France taking action against the
organisation, by planting two bombs on Greenpeace's 'Rainbow Warrior' when it was docked in the Auckland Harbour before its upcoming journey
into the Murorua Atoll in 1985. The bomb was supposedly intended to make a point and end Greenpeace's protests as peacefully as possible, without
harming anyone. However, Fernando Pereira, a photographer on board the boat, was killed by the second bomb's explosion, and the vessel was sunk.
This outcome led to the event being labelled a 'terrorist attack', both on Greenpeace and New Zealand, as it was initially unclear who the attack was
aimed at. The bombing and its disastrous results would alter the relationships between France, Greenpeace and New Zealand
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Lyndon B. Johnson 's Foreign Highlights
Lyndon B. Johnson's Foreign Highlights
Lyndon B. Johnson became president in 1963, a time period in which the United States was engaged in two battles on both the domestic and the
international fronts. At home the President was faced with growing Civil Rights issues and abroad he faced some of the greatest challenges of his
political career. Internationally the United States was already undergoing a Cold war with the Soviet Union and the newly adopted policy of
containment had become the answer to all of the rising Communist movements all over the world. In Vietnam a massive Civil War was underway as
the Pro Communist Regime of the North invaded the Pro American Regime of the South. The North, which was led by Ho Chi Minh, was backed by
the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies invaded the South backed by the United States and other anti–communist allies. Minh's army
consisted of North Vietnamese forces and the Viet Cong, a South Vietnamese communist common front aided by the North. NgГ
ґ ДђГ¬nh Diб»‡m, the
leader of the South, had forces that consisted of South Vietnamese Soldiers and US Soldiers. Amidst these conflicts Johnson rose and took initiatives
that would define American Policy in Vietnam for the rest of his presidency. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was one of the incidents that increased United
States influence and intervention in Vietnam. The USS Maddox, was in the Gulf Of Tonkin when it reported to be fired upon by a North Vietnamese
motorboat. Following this

Was Iraq Responsible For The Usa's War In Iraq?
On March 19, 2003 the USA began the military operation in Iraq. The American government suspected Iraq in oppressing the ethnic minorities,
development of the mass–destruction weapons and cooperation with the international terrorist groups. The war did not last long and there are many
reasons to believe that the USA was preparing for this military campaign for long time.
One of the main reasons of the war in Iraq was a long lasting Iraq disarmament crisis. In the 1990s Iraq was suspected in producing the
mass–destruction weapons, including chemical and nuclear weapons. After the Gulf War in 1990, Iraq and international organizations cooperated with
each other, but starting from 1998 the international inspections were no longer allowed in Iraq and Iraq became the opponent of the western countries
including the USA. In response, Iraq Liberation Act was signed into law by President Clinton, and the toppling of Hussein's regime became one of the
key priorities for the American foreign policy.
Secondly, there were multiple allegations that Saddam Hussein communicated with the international terrorist group Al–Qaeda, which was responsible
for the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the USA, and Islamic Jihad group, which is a big threat to the stability in the Middle East. Despite the fact that there
was not any reliable proof that these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It passed several Acts in the U.S. Congress in order to avoid the opposition at the international level, persuaded the allies to form a coalition and acted
very quickly to reach their goals in Iraq. In just three weeks the USA and the coalition obtained the control of the largest Iraqi cities, and Saddam
Hussein was eventually overthrown. The major military operations ended on 1 May 2003, though in the next years the insurgency led to 150,000 –
600,000 casualties mainly among civilians in the key Iraq

Nuclear Disarmament Persuasive Speech
In April 2009 President Barack Obama made a speech in Prague in which he pledged to work towards achieving worldwide nuclear disarmament. He
called for the banning of nuclear tests and the strengthening of the Nuclear Non–proliferation Treaty and declared that the United States would lead by
example and take considerable steps towards achieving a nuclear weapon free world. This vision of a nuclear weapon free world falls in line with
"Global Zero", an initiative launched in Paris in December 2008 by George Shultz, Henry Kissinger, William Perry, and Sam Nunn campaigns for
complete nuclear disarmament. (Global Zero, 2016)
The speech evoked mixed responses from both advocates and critics alike. It can be argued, that although the President's aspirations are both honorable
and praiseworthy, there are ground realities that make the execution of this plan, as well as wide acceptability of the project rather challenging.
First and foremost, it is important to explore what steps the Obama administration have taken themselves in order to work towards achieving nuclear
disarmament and if these have been substantial.
It has now been seven years since the President gave his speech in Prague. A year after his speech, in April 6 2010, the Obama administration released
a Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). The NPR emphasizes on the need to counter nuclear proliferation and terrorism and stresses on keeping other
countries from acquiring Nuclear weapons. It also reduces the role of Nuclear

Is There A Need For A Nuclear Deterrent?
Is there a need for a nuclear deterrent?
The United Kingdom has found itself at a pinnacle point in its impending security needs with regards to its nuclear deterrent. There have been various
debates held by the government, to date, no decision has been made by the Prime Minister and Parliament with regards to nuclear deterrent, in respect
to the Trident nuclear weapon system and its replacement (the Successor programme) that is needed to maintain the United Kingdom's nuclear security.
It is a responsibility of the Government to provide for the continuous security of the United Kingdom and its citizens, not only in the present day but in
the future; but does a nuclear deterrent have a place in the Governments future security plans. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Trident nuclear deterrent has been the only nuclear weapon system that the United Kingdom has had in operation, since it replaced Polaris which
was in force June 1968 to December 1994. The Ministry of Defence state the purpose of the Trident is to "deter the most extreme threats to our
national security and way of life, which cannot be done by other means".
Each section of Trident has like anything mechanical; a usage span and Trident is expected to last until the middle of the next decade. As the
Successor programme could take around fifteen years, an agreement on the United Kingdom's next move with nuclear security needs to be resolved
soon as construction, if it is to go ahead, will need to begin shortly.
According to the statistics the United Kingdom holds only two hundred and fifteen war heads in total, with only one hundred and fifty of those active.
This is a very small amount in comparison to the remaining major powers, but could the United Kingdom survive without a deterrent in place in an age
of uncertainty. Is all monies spent so far on our nation's nuclear deterrent wasted if the United Kingdom does not carry it on, is the future expenditure
acceptable to maintain our nation's security against a changing world.
In 1980 the United Kingdom declared, its intent to replace its current submarine launched nuclear weapons programme and the Polaris missile, by

Cultural Impact Of The Scientific And Political Effects Of...
Although nuclear weapons have obvious scientific and political effects, cultural effects on society can also be observed. Since the world first saw the
power of nuclear weapons in 1945, their role in culture (in America and across the world) has grown as time went on. Nuclear weapons have bred fear
across the world, and the threat of mutually assured destruction still ominously hangs over us, even today. In popular culture, nuclear weapons remain a
popular theme, and many highly rated films or other forms of media, such as Dr. Strangelove, revolve around nuclear weapons. Post–bomb society has
shown a desire for peace, and the de–nuclearization of countries in possession of nuclear weapons, and culture has reflected this. However, society
has also expressed a desire for nuclear weapons to remain, for fear of other countries' nuclear capabilities. Although both sides have a point, through
mutual understanding and an expressed desire for peace around the world, denuclearization can be a viable option for peace. Since the first atomic
bomb was used on Hiroshima in 1945, various parties have sought to use its power for their own purposes. Most recently, the Kim regime have
harnessed the power of nuclear weapons for the preservation of their control over North Korea. In the past, however, the fear that nukes inspired in
society was used even by Americans. Most infamously, the "Daisy" ad, created by the Lyndon B. Johnson campaign, which depicted the nuclear
consequences of

Nuclear Weapons And Nuclear Proliferation
Committee 9
Nuclear Proliferation
Vanuatu
(A)Brief Background of the Topic
1.)What is the historical background of this topic?
Nuclear Proliferation is defined as the rapid spread or increase of nuclear weapons. Nuclear Proliferation has been a conflict worldwide for years. It all
started during the Cold War, when the Soviet Union and the United States competed to obtain more nuclear weapons. As the Cold War continued,
France, Britain, and China all began to develop their own nuclear technology. On July 1, 1968, the Treaty on the Non–Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
was signed and entered into force in 1970. Under this treaty, a total of 190 parties have agreed to help prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. A few
years later, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks non–proliferation act (SALT 1) was signed on May 26, 1972 and entered into force on October 3, 1972.
After several years of struggle, the Cold War ended in December 1991.
2.)What nations are directly involved in this issue?
The top "contributors" of nuclear proliferation include countries like the United States and Russia (formerly Soviet Union). These two countries were
the first to obtain and test nuclear weapons. They are responsible for more than 93% of all operational nuclear warheads. United Kingdom, France,
China, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea all created nuclear arsenals to attain these weapons of mass destruction. The United States currently
possesses approximately 7,650 warheads, Russia has

The Social and Cultural Life of Americans during the Cold War
The threat of nuclear war in the 1950's was real and was one that was on the mind nearly every person in both the United States and the United
Kingdom. After the end of the Second World War the world can be seen to be split into two sides, the East and the West, Communism and Democracy.
After the Second World War the Soviet Union became paranoid with the West as well as the United States become paranoid of the Communist East,
and after the Soviets had made their first nuclear bomb this created massive friction between the NATO alliance and the Soviet Union and the eastern
bloc. Only after the soviet union had obtained the hydrogen bomb and began to stockpile nuclear warheads in the 1950's did the real fear of nuclear
annihilation begin to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This sense of paranoia that can also be accredited to the culture or nuclear preparedness. Families were advised to build fallout shelters and in
schools children were told to duck and cover in the case of nuclear disaster. This sense that nuclear annihilation could happen at any moment was
well established in American culture. However in Britain the fear on the bomb can be seen as lesser than that of the USA. As Peter Hennessy
expresses in his book Having it so good, Britain in the fifties 'The wider, personal implications of the bomb perhaps burnt their way into the
collective British psyche more slowly than might have been expected'3. Towards the beginning of the nuclear arms race, a lot of information was
not disclosed to the public, such as the amount if casualties caused if the Soviet Union dropped bombs on Britain which was around 1,378,000
people, and the size of the bombs used was around 1.6 megatons of TNT. Although there were some civil defence films that tried to paint a picture of
nuclear war none of them captured the threat of war and many films trivialised it as Spencer R. Weart writes 'the stage was dominated by tales of
mutant tribes and so forth'4 this caused many people to downplay the threat of nuclear war due to the lack of decent portrayal of nuclear war, Weart
writes 'Nearly three decades passed without any technically

A Proposal for the International Elimination of Nuclear...
The Non–Governmental Organizations (NGOs) set out a model of the Nuclear Weapons Convention (NWC) in 1997. The model underwent revision
and reforms in 2007. The text puts a proposal that international law completely eliminates and bans the use of nuclear weapons. The proposal has
general support from the international system. Over the years, security at the international level has faced opposition when it comes to the
disarmament of nuclear weapons. Discussions that are concerned with the risks of nuclear weapons and the options for disarmament have been
featured in several international law conferences with the increase in the back up for a world free of nuclear weapons.
The end of Cold War did not bring an end to the threat of nuclear... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shortly afterwards, there was a comprehensive report that called for a world free of nuclear weapons by the Canberra commission. The abolition of
nuclear weapons was supported by former presidents, military officers, among others (Jurgen, Wolfgang, & Kalinowski., April, 2005). Due to increased
public pressure, the NPT–recognized nuclear powers stopped their programs for nuclear testing. The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) was
finalized in 1996, but has not been implemented due to the lack of ratification by the necessary states.
From that time onwards, the disarmament conference in Geneva has not had progress. However, there have been discussions about the reduction in
production of materials for nuclear weapons. Since 1998, the disarmament conditions became worse. There have been several nuclear tests by North
Korea, Pakistan, and India, the re–introduction of defense missiles, space weapons, nuclear tactics, the 2001 terrorist attacks and the war on terror.
There was abandonment of the foes for negotiation on disarmament as well as the Anti–Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABMT) agreements to control arms.
Other regimes for control were under threat like the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the Outer Space Treaty. Even the 2002 Moscow

Atomic Bombs: A Literary Analysis
In 1949, president Truman announced that Russia had successfully developed an atomic bomb, marking the beginning of a nuclear arms race; a
competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons typically derived from political motivations. In this
particular scenario, the U.S. and Russia each developed their own arsenals of nuclear weapons in an endeavor to gain dominance as the political
mindsets of the countries were polar opposites; a capitalist United States in opposition to the communist Soviet Union. This political divide dragged in
other countries such as Great Britain, France, and China, who also developed nuclear storages so they would be on an even playing field with those
who already own nuclear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The creature wears clothes and a small knight's helmet upon its head. Block places the knights helm on top of the bomb creature's head placing an
ironic twist on what knights typically represent. In classic literature, a knight, typically signifies honor, loyalty and nobility. However, Block wants
the viewer to realize atomic bombs are not in any way honorable, noble or loyal. Clothes are on the creature to display that atomic bombs are not
some alien technology, but created and controlled by man and they will kill us all if we let our governments continue to develop these weapons. In
essence the drawing portrays our own creations will eventually lead to our demise. The cartoon represents the concern of many who believe
containment of the development of nuclear arsenals is vital. Those against the development of nuclear arsenals either advocated for non–proliferation,
restricting the countries with a nuclear arsenal from producing more nuclear weapons and keeping the countries that don't have nuclear supplies from
obtaining these weapons, or instead, complete disarmament of nuclear weapons. Eventually some government leaders started to realize the concern
their people had and started negotiations for

This Essay Will Mostly Outline A Proposed Solution To The
This essay will mostly outline a proposed solution to the never–ending worldwide problem of nuclear weapons. The paper will use of relevant sources,
with logic, and a humanitarian appeal to show the reader why nuclear weapons must come to end. It will show the reader how the solution will
work and why it's the very best solution to put a halt on the worldwide epidemic we are faced with each and every day within various countries.
The paper will also give the reader a sense of urgency to go out and try and make a difference, so we can make this change described. They get this
sense of urgency because the essay illustrates a proposal that is simple, logical, and sound. Also, the paper will show how this solution is the very best,
and all... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mainly for nationalistic reasons or for warfare purposes. Which is precisely the problem; innocent citizens get killed and evaporated because another
country's military used the lethal weapon of nuclear power to gain an edge on an enemy. Which, one can go on to find out, will create ever more
problems than it actually intended to solve. Now that we can see, as nations, the underlying problem with nuclear weapons, what can we do to ensure
this problem doesn't persist? There are many possibilities, but really only one solution. To understand how a nuclear ban or abolition could actually
happen, one must understand that it would virtually take a unanimous vote. All the countries would have to agree on banning weapons so that it would
ensure fully that no nuclear weapons would be usable. So what possibly could be a solution? Well, firstly it's not rocket science; just following
governmental procedures, and knowing how a bill becomes a law, it's quite simple. First, a convention must be held with every country, and then an
official document, most presumably a treaty, must be signed into law stating the worldwide disarmament of nuclear weaponry. This is just a
constitutional process, and has great potential to be successful, but if this is not convincing enough, try taking Tom Sauer's word on it. Sauer (2016), an
Associate Professor at the Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium), says "first a Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Proliferation In Canada
Given the progress of globalization, international security has become an entailment that all countries must work on in order to guarantee the perennity
of world peace. However, this quietude is threatened by the growing menace of nuclear proliferation. Canada, as a party to the Non–Proliferation
Treaty (NPT) since 1969, leads anti–proliferation campaigns to ensure global disarmament.
As a NNWS, Canada has conducted a national non–proliferation and disarmament policy throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. After ratifying the
Convention on Nuclear Safety in 1994, Canada published the Nuclear Safety Control Action (NSCA) in 1997, thus establishing the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission, which aims to monitor Canadian nuclear activity as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Besides being a signatory to the NPT, it is party to the Comprehensive Test–Ban Treaty (CTBT) since 1998, and it takes part in numerous international
coalitions that work on nuclear issues, such as the G7 bloc and the Nuclear Supply Group. Moreover, Canada has firmly supported the elaboration of a
Fissile Material Cut–off Treaty (FMCT) conducive to the prohibition of fissile material for nuclear weapons. It has also sustained the Statement of
Interdiction Principles emanating from the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) in 2003. Subsequently to the events of 2006 and 2009 that led to the
adoption of the UNSCR 1718 and 1874, Canada has imposed economic and commercial sanctions on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Those sanctions were reinforced after the DPRK's 2016 nuclear test, which Canada's Foreign Affairs minister StГ©phane Dion has condemned, as a
violation to international agreements.
Canada strongly recommends enforcing the Non–Proliferation Treaty as well as related treaties and amending them to fit the rational requisites of
hesitant non–signatory states. Furthermore, Canada believes that the negotiation and elaboration of the proposed FMCT agreement is necessary, as it
would restrain the spread of nuclear weapons. Canada also urges the International Community to establish a coalition fit to mediate talks between the
DPRK and concerned countries, in order to find a solution that would be advantageous to all

John F. Kennedy 's President Of The United States
John F. Kennedy When John F Kennedy served as the 35th president of the United States his overall goal was to issue civil rights for everyone.
Fortunately, he was very successful in doing so when he achieved this goal before being assassinated. Many people would argue his presidency was
a failure due to the Cuban missile crisis that almost started a nuclear war, however, due to Kennedy 's leadership we were able to come to a peaceful
agreement. John F Kennedy was successful in office because he prevented nuclear armageddon, established the Peace Corps to help struggling
countries, and achieved his goal of civil rights in America.
After World War II ended in theCold War was on the brink, it was the beginning of the nuclear age ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kennedy supported a band of nuclear testing, believing it would prevent countries from obtaining nuclear weapons. "He envisioned of the test ban as a
first step to nuclear disarmament." (Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 2)
President Kennedy announced before Congress the "dramatic and ambitious goal of sending an American safely to the moon before the end of the
decade." (Steve Garber) The overall goal was to be rushing to the moon. "Kennedy felt great pressure to have the United States catch up in overtake the
Soviet union in the space race." (Steve Garber) his goal was achieved July 20, 1969 after his assassination, when Apollo 11 Commander Neil
Armstrong stepped foot on the moon. Many argue the event was staged in just a pressured attempt to beat Russia to the moon, however proof using
satellite video showed the US successfully made it to the moon within Kennedy set timeframe. This is using inherent powers because
James Meredith was the first black man to attend the segregated school of Mississippi University. On September 20th 1960 Meredith arrived to enroll
at the University of Mississippi, only to find that when he arrived governor Ross Barnett was there to cease this from happening, "physically not
letting James in." (Ole Miss: James Meredith) On September 29th president Kennedy called Barnett to persuade him into letting James into the
University of Mississippi. On a recording over the phone Kennedy says, "I

How Did John F Kennedy's Influence On American Culture
During the 1960s, few people were more influential on American culture and values than President John F. Kennedy. His young and adventurous
personality shaped his decisions through his almost three–year presidency. While his presidency was short compared to most, his effect on America is
still felt today. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald
Kennedy. He began his political career in 1946, as a Representative, quickly becoming a Senator, then thePresident of the United States. During his
campaign, "Promised to lead Americans to a 'New Frontier.' He charged that, under the Republicans, theUnited States had lost ground to the Russia
during the Cold War"... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Congress turned down a cabinet–level Department of Urban Affairs and Kennedy's plan for medical care for the elderly. Johnson,
however, later had these passed. Kennedy changed around the United States's national defense policies and increased conventional weapons. He wanted
to prepare for a non–nuclear war and wanted to avoid a nuclear exchange. In his own words, "Now in the thermonuclear age any misjudgements on
either side about the intentions of the other could rain more devastation in several hours than has been wrought in all the wars of human history"
(Kennedy). In October of 1962, nuclear missiles were discovered in Cuba, as supplied by Russia. This, following the April 1961 Bay of Pigs failed
invasion, were a recipe for an apocalypse. Kennedy ordered the US Navy to quarantine Cuba, turning away any ships carrying missiles. "For some
days a handful of men, operating largely in secret, held our destinies in their hands" (Alsop 2). Thankfully, the nuclear war of our nightmares never
came, as Khrushchev ordered all Soviet missiles to be removed from Cuba. This event became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. In 1961, Kennedy
held a conference with Khrushchev about easing up on military threats against West Berlin, but nothing was solved and the Berlin Wall was built, not
to fall till 1989. Russia began testing nuclear bombs again in 1961, breaking an official test ban. The United States began testing their bombs soon after,
but did it underground, so as not to create dangerous fallout. "In July, 1963, Russia, the United States, and Great Britain signed a treaty banning atomic
testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater. Testing was permitted underground" (World Book 212j). Kennedy said that he wanted an
"Indispensable condition of disarmament – true inspection – and apply it in stages proportionate to the stage of disarmament"

Peace Movement In The Vietnam War
"Critically discuss how the peace movements played important roles in signifying the end of the Vietnam War".
To what extent did the role of the peace movements prompt the US withdrawal from the Vietnam War?
Since the start of the Vietnam War in 1955, there have been a range of valiant efforts involving peace and disarmament. A peace movement is a social
uprising that has the aims of ending wars, riots and general violence while possessing the ultimate goal of peace. Media played a very interesting role
in terms of achieving peace and there have also been numerous events and self–assigned spokespersons who have greatly assisted and influenced a
large amount of the public.
Throughout history, there have been artists who opposed the government's choices and specifically, in theVietnam War, artists like The Beatles, Jimi
Hendrix, The Doors and Bob Dylan have made music that united people and fought the government's aggressive tactics towards those who were
affected. Around this time, young people that belonged to the "Flower Power" movement were called Hippies and they had a way of life that was
devoted to peace and love. There were concerts that were held with various musicians and they all had the same intent in terms of spreading their ...
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This forms part of how the media heavily publicised the war. With disturbing images depicting scenes of Vietnamese people strapped down, and their
eyes, mouths and ears, completely enveloped in heavy duty tape. When encountering visuals of this nature, one can't just sit back and be complacent;
In turn, the general public were justified with engaging in anti–war protests. Before the end of the Vietnam war in 1975, there was already a high
mortality rate for the soldiers. By the late 1960's, there was a shocking 500,000 deaths and over 30 thousand in

Was The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Ethically...
Was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ethically justified? – Why Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan – By Grace Kelsall World
War 2 saw the emergence of America as a new world power on August 6th 1945, also internationally known as the traumatizing day for Hiroshima;
after an American B–29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb. World War Two is considered a great turning point in modern history, it being
one of the bloodiest and horrific wars; exposing all countries around the world to the nuclear age. Many key events, battles and campaigns have led up
to President Truman's decision, which ultimately brought the surrender of Japan and subsequent end of World War Two. Nevertheless, the ethical
implications of this act are still being debated today. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was ethically justified to a significant extent. Conversely,
the motives from President Truman is evident that he had logical reasoning behind his decision to bomb Japan, however from a perspective outside
America his actions are portrayed as disgusting and "inhumane". While the bombing immensely affected Japan, there were also various factors that
have impacted America. These two perspectives have exhibited to change over time, both showing sympathy towards each nation; predominantly
America, now bringing them even closer together in present day time. Many significant individuals played a monumental role in the bombing of the
populous cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki. On

John Fitzgerald Kennedy 's Politics And World Affairs
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, nicknamed Jack, was born on May 29, 1917. He was the second of 9 to be born to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and Joseph
Kennedy Jr. While Jack was at Harvard in 1937, his father became the United States Ambassador to England. That sparked Jack's interest in politics
and world affairs. From then on, he strived to learn more about government and current events. When Jack was a senior at Harvard, WWII began. He
wrote a thesis about why Great Britain was not ready for the war with Germany, which went on to be published as a book called Why England Slept.
Jack's career in politics, though, began after college in 1946 when he was elected to the eleventh congressional district in Massachusetts. As a
Democrat, he then served six... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of Kennedy's accomplishments was the creation of the Peace Corps on March 1, 1961. During his presidential campaign, Kennedy gave a
speech at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor to a crowd of 10,000. In his speech, he asked how many of the aspiring doctors, technicians,
and/or engineers would be willing to work in the Foreign Service and travel the world. After the speech, 1,000 students wanting to live and work
abroad signed a petition saying such. This event was the inspiration for the Peace Corps. Kennedy spoke of "a peace corps of talented men and
women who would dedicate themselves to the progress and peace of developing countries" two weeks later in a speech at the Cow Palace in San
Francisco. A response of more than 25,000 letters encouraged Kennedy to make the Peace Corps a reality. When Kennedy became president, he
decided he wanted to put his brother–in–law, R. Sargent Shriver, as the director of a Peace Corps Task Force to organize it and get everything together.
Shriver did so by creating seven steps to follow in forming the Peace Corps in February of 1961. During the first trip after the Peace Corps was
established, leaders from India, Ghana, and Burma were asking for Peace Corps volunteers to be placed

Global Pollution
Global warming may be the most critical and controversial issue the world faces in the twenty–first century. Throughout the years, society has divided
itself into two different groups, there is those of who believe in global warming and those of who do not. Whether people may believe in global
warming or not, pollution has become a very costly environmental problem in terms of human/animals lives and in term of overall destruction dealt to
our planet earth. For over four decades, Greenpeace (an independent global campaign organization) which was established in 1971, Vancouver, Canada
by Patrick Moore, Robert Hunter, and David McTaggart, has strived to change society's outlook towardsglobal warming. The purpose of this
environmental organization is to protect/conserve the environment and to promote global peace. If pollution persists to be a problem, however,
humanity along with any other living organisms, will experience pollution's unpleasant aftermath. While people may argue that pollution does not have
anything to do with global warming, pollution alone is still responsible for the high number of deaths caused every year. According to an online article
posted on TIME.com on October 19, 2017, by Alexandra Sifferlin, health and environmental experts have estimated that sixteen percent of all deaths
were linked to pollution in 2015. The study (originally published in the Journal The Lancet) was written by over 40 international health and
environmental experts. The

Olzhas Suleimenov Raised Awareness for the Need of Nuclear...
I am an international student from Republic of Kazakhstan. This country is located in between Russia and China, and takes the 9th place by its area
in the world. More than twenty years ago my home country was a part of the Soviet Union. It is worth to mention that we as a nation and an
independent country have experienced a great influence from the Russian Empire that had reflected on our culture, economy, literature, science, and
other aspects of life. However, being under the Soviet pressure has brought a lot of negative consequences as well. One of them was nuclear weapon
testing conducted on Kazakh land during the harsh opposition between two powerful countries such as the Soviet Union and the United States of
America. Therefore, I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to failed attempts, tremendous amount of radioactive gases was released to the atmosphere. As a result, the region (eastern part of the Kazakhstan,
primarily Semipalatinsk region) and nearest areas had become radioactive and not suitable for further living conditions. Fortunately, there was one
person who was able to prevent inadequate exploitation of the environment and consistent emissions of the radioactive waste into the atmosphere. His
name is Olzhas Suleimenov. He is an influential and widely admired figure in my country and the former representatives of the Soviet Union. He
turned to politics in the 1980s by founding the Nevada–Semipalatinsk antinuclear movement of 1989. This international environmental movement was
considered as one of the first large–scale grassroots protests against the actions of the Soviet government. Moreover, it played a major role in
promoting the eventual denuclearization of the Central Asian region. Nevada–Semipalatinsk campaign targeted to close nuclear sites in Nevada and in
the Semipalatinsk Province of Kazakhstan.
Suleimenov was among the first Eurasian intellectuals who raised awareness of global climate change, non–proliferation, and environmental challenges
posed by nuclear disarmament. Eventually, the Nevada–Semipalatinsk movement galvanized support for the closure of all nuclear testing facilities in
Kazakhstan and contributed to trends in nuclear disarmament, non–proliferation, environmental awareness,

It's Time to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons Essay
Imagine, if you will, that you are the title character in the book "Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes," a young Japanese girl suffering from the
devastating "atom bomb sickness." Sadako was a vivacious eleven–year–old with dreams of becoming a track star. Sadly, that ended when doctors
diagnosed her with leukemia, An atom bomb had been dropped over her hometown of Hiroshima during W.W. II, poisoning her with its radiation.
Sadako's friend Chizuko tried to cheer her up by saying, "If a sick person folds 1000 paper cranes, the gods will grant her wish and make her well
again." Each day, Sadako folded as many cranes as she could and hung them from the ceiling. They formed a colorful rainbow over her bed, watching
over her while she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of all this despair comes a ray of hope. Abolition 2050, a global network aiming to eliminate nuclear weapons, hopes for an international treaty
halting proliferation by the new millennium. Already, more than 110 states of the Non–Aligned Movement have called for the elimination of nuclear
weaponry by the next century. Several countries have given up their nuclear arms in hopes of promoting worldwide peace. Activist groups affiliated
with Abolition 2050 are working to make a nuclear–free world. Their success or failure hinges on the involvement of today's youth.
First, young people can aid Abolition 2050's cause by forming "peace clubs" on school campuses. Cynicism is so pervasive in our world today
that we believe a few voices can never make a difference. I say to you that a few voices can make all the difference. A few people start the ball
rolling. A few people's tongues can spread the word to millions. And a few hearts can relieve the suffering of many. A peace club's primary goals
would be to educate the public about the dangers of nuclear weaponry and to support programs aimed at passing legislation against proliferation. An
effective way to bring the message home is by visiting every classroom with a speech about the dangers of nuclear energy. Such a speech should
include the history of nuclear devastation, its effects on people and the environment, a survivor's tale, and action

Nuclear Weapons And The United States
Since the nineteen–forties nuclear weapons have been used to help end, or have caused problems between countries. The dangers of using nuclear
weapons have increased over the many years since they were first used. Either way, the fight over nuclear weapons have become more and more
common because of the new developments in science and technology. The use of nuclear weapons have been used to threaten many different countries
around the world which include the United States and many more. Nuclear weapons have become an overall issue in the world today, yet the issue has
been ignored. Just recently this issue has been noticed, yet we still ignore the problems that have happened. As the world of technology has become
more educated new nuclear weapons have been created, but they have not been tested or used. The United States should aggressively promote nuclear
disarmament because of reprocessing, exaggerations, and waste management. The United States should aggressively promote nuclear disarmament
because of reprocessing. According to an article written by Union of Concerned Scientists in 2013, "Moreover, commercial–scale reprocessing
facilities handle so much of this material that it has proven impossible to keep track of it accurately in a timely manner, making it feasible that the theft
of enough plutonium to build several bombs could undetected for years" (Union 2). Overall, the scientists are saying companies that hold on to
chemicals used in nuclear weapons can

Essay Effectiveness of Legal and Non Legal Measures in...
Evaluate the effectiveness of legal and non–legal measures in resolving conflict and working towards word world order.
Introduction
World order are the activities and relationship between the world states, and other significant non–state global actors, that occur within a legal, political
and economic frame work. The need for world order has arisen due to the past historical conflicts, colonialism, greater interdependence between nations,
and the increased impact of the activities of nation states upon other nation states. Legal measures such as the UN, as well as non–legal measures such
as the media and Non–governmental organisations, show a mixed effectiveness in response to resolving conflict and working towards world order. ...
Under the UN Charter, the Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and is argued to have
power to intervene in the most serious issues which disrupt world order.
At the end of the 1990–91 Gulf War, the Security Council passed Resolution 687, which set out the terms that Iraq's leader Suddam Hussein was to
comply with. The resolution required the destruction of all chemical and biological weapons, and ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150
kilometres and required Iraq to submit to a rigorous UN inspection system. Inspections were conducted by United Nations Special Commission
(UNSCOM) and later the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) throughout the 1990s to the US–led
invasion 2003. The UNSC has proved to be an effective legal response to monitoring conflict and maintaining world order as no 'weapons of mass
destruction' were found after the American invasion in 2003.
However the UNSC has also shown to be ineffective in some cases. In 1993 North Korea was referred to the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) for violating its safeguards. The following year North Korea and the United States signed an 'Agreed Framework between the United States of
America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea'. This framework was a non–binding political commitment, noted by the

Nuclear Weapons Should Be Carried Out
The definition of a weapon of mass destruction is a chemical, biological or radioactive weapon capable of causing widespread death and destruction
(Farlex).Nuclear weapons are the most destructive weapons the world has ever seen. They get their explosive power from transforming matter into
energy. Nuclear weapons are classified as chemical, biological and radioactive weapons of mass destruction (FBI). Many people have venture in that
their sizable power used during wars could destroy human development as we know it. The nations of the world have long request ways to standstill,
limit, and slaughter these weapons of mass destruction and keep the use of them out of wars. The program of abolishing nuclear weapons should be
carried out. I want nuclear weapons abolish so we won't destroy ourselves, and stop terrorist from getting their hands on these weapons of mass
destruction and destroying civilization as we know it and to prevent further damage.
There are two types of nuclear weapons. Fission weapons, also called atomic weapons or atomic bombs, do so through the splitting of the nuclei of
certain isotopes in the elements uranium and plutonium (Fission Device). When a neutron hits the nucleus of a uranium or plutonium atom in a certain
way, the atom splits and releases a large amount of energy and two or three other neutrons. These neutrons then split other atoms, causing an explosive
chain reaction (How Does It Work). The second type ofnuclear weapon is the thermonuclear

Was The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Morally Justified?
Was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ethically justified? – Why Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan – By Grace Kelsall World
War 2 saw the emergence of America as a new world power on August 6th 1945, also internationally known as the traumatizing day for Hiroshima;
after an American B–29 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb. World War Two is considered a great turning point in modern history, it being
one of the bloodiest and horrific wars; exposing all countries around the world to the nuclear age. Many key events, battles and campaigns have led up
to President Truman's decision, which ultimately brought the surrender of Japan and subsequent end of World War Two. Nevertheless, the ethical
implications of this... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"It is an awful responsibility that has come to us...My object is to save as many American lives as possible but I also have a human feeling for the
women and children of Japan" (The National Interest, 2015, online). From this statement, it is evident that Truman is acting in an official capacity as
president of the United States, doing the best he can to protect his nation. He did not seek to destroy Japanese culture or the inhabitants, the goal was to
destroy Japan's ability to make war. There is a vast amount of contributing factors behind Truman's decision; some include:–The United States wanted
to force Japan's surrender as quickly as possible to minimise American casualties –US needed to use the atomic bomb before the Soviet Union entered
the war against Japan to establish US dominance afterwards (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, n.d, online) –The belief, subtly reinforced by racist
stereotypes, that the behaviour of Japanese forces, from attacks on Chinese cities in 1937 through Pearl Harbour to the Bataan death march...nullified
any humanitarian consideration for the Japanese people (Kyoko + Mark Selden, 1989, book) "I realise the tragic significance of the atomic
bomb...having found the bomb, we have used it. We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbour...We have used it in
order to shorten the agony of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy

Alternative Press In Vietnam War
t first my paper was going to be around what happen to the Vietnam people after the Vietnam war and their struggles to migrate to other countries.
This seemed to be a very interesting topic to cover to know where are they now and how they feel about the war. Located a woman in her late 40s
from Vietnam, her family has migrated to American when she was just 5 years old. This topic seemed to be very sensitive for her to talk about, I
brought to much pain to talk about her parents that didn't survive the Vietnam war. After this failed attempt to interview a Vietnamese migrant, I
wondered how the press was reporting out to the world of what was really happening in Vietnam.
I have decided to do my paper on the Alternative press in Vietnam.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I just do not agree with the government hiding facts to help get what they want. In today's age more then 30 years from the Vietnam War, our local
and national leaders still employ the tactics to keep the public in the dark in order to achieve their agendas. Bush jr told the American public that
Iraq had 'weapons of mass destruction' however no such weapons were ever found. This conflict stretch over several years and while it did
dismantle the Iraqi government, we were still over there for reasons not disclosed to the general public. This year alone we have dropped bombs on
areas and were told whatever the government wanted us to hear. The fact is, we have no idea what happened in the nights were we riddled cities
with bombs. The media came back and said there were minimal civilian casualties, but what defines 'minimal'? One innocent life is one too many in
my opinion, I just feel as though if there is a chance of families being casualties, we as a country should have a say on our

The Doomsday Bomb : The End Of Nuclear Weapons And The...
On July 16, 1945, at 5:29 AM, in Alamogordo, New Mexico, the world was irreversibly changed. This was day when scientists working on the
American–created Manhattan Project detonated the first atomic bomb, that used the nuclear fission of plutonium to create a massive explosion.
Less than a month later, the same technology was used to level everything within a mile in the cities of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
Today, nine nations are in possession of a total of 9,220 nuclear weapons, some of them being thousands of times more powerful the the bomb used
on Hiroshima. Keeping this in mind, it is imperative that all nuclear weapons should eventually be abolished because they threaten to destroy the
world as we know it, they cost an extremely high amount to maintain, and they increase the risk of terrorism. One of the major reasons as to why
all nuclear weapons should be eliminated is due to much they put at risk the world at risk of mass destruction. Just their existence alone puts
everyone on the planet in danger of being completely wiped out. Ever since its creation in 1947, almost every year the Doomsday Clock has been
set closer to Midnight as a result of the development and creation of nuclear weapons. The Doomsday Clock is set by the Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists and is a representation of how close the world is to "Doomsday," which is represented by the minute hand moving closer or farther away
from 12:00. The closest the Clock has ever been to 12:00 was 2

Australian Greens Research Paper
The Australian Greens represent the progressive face of Australian politics and have formulated their policy positions with a reformist framework.
Whilst the Greens origins and expansion are primarily a consequence of new social movements, splits within the ALP and its supporter base have
enabled them to expand their political voice. The Greens can trace their origins to local party branches across Australia that have merged together to
become Australia's the nationally recognised party Greens Party. The Nuclear Disarmament party and the Franklin River campaign bought the Greens
onto the national stage and revealed the power of social movements in elevating the Greens into a political force. However, the ALP's failure to present
themselves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ALP has taken a back seat to accommodating new social movements as it seeks to take whatever measures necessary to achieving government.
In response, the Greens have used social movements as a platform for the party's campaigning. The dynamics of election campaigning has evolved
in Australia and has seen the major parties produce less emphasis on traditional ideology (Katz and Mair 2009:762) in their attempts to winning
elections by targeting swing electorates. Therefore, the Greens have emerged as a party of principle in the face of blurring distinctions between the
two major parties who seek to freeze out the minor parties and maintain their electoral dominance. Minor parties have fallen victim to elements of
Cartelization in Australian politics which aims to prevent any challenges to the dominance of the two major parties. Furthermore, the Greens have
garnered support through the belief that the Liberals as well as the ALP have become "indifferent to the desires of ordinary citizens" as policies
become part of 'the state than they are policies of any particular party or coalition' (Katz and Mair 2009:759). The Cartelization of Australian Politics
justifies how divisions within the ALP have played a significant role in the origins of the Greens as voters seek to challenge the dominant two–party

In the novel, Passing Time, Ehrhart experiences change....
In the novel, Passing Time, Ehrhart experiences change. For instance, Ehrhart begins to realize that the war was a huge mistake on the government's
behalf. Ehrhart believed that the government shouldn't have taken part in the Vietnamese war due to the innocent deaths that developed over the years.
Many of the soldiers, including Ehrhart, were traumatized by the killings during the war. Ehrhart often questions the events that take place during the
war. For example, when Ehrhart witnessed innocent civilians being killed from both Korea and America. In war, Ehrhart, was taking part in some of
the killings because of a "kill first and ask questions later" mentality. Reflecting on that mentality is what lead Ehrhart towards the notion... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The police treated the protest as if it was a riot. The police didn't give a reasonable warning, but insisted on beating civilians to death because the
police didn't agree with the anti–war members protest. For instance, Ehrhart describes that one woman was being beaten to death by a police officer
and Ehrhart tackled the police officer to the ground (Ehrhart 166). A man had to help Ehrhart drag the woman to safety after the woman was saved
from being beaten to death. Another event that showed the effects of the anti–war movement well after Ehrhart returned from the war was when
Ehrhart was at another anti–war protest. Ehrhart was explaining to the public why he decided to go against the war. Ehrhart explained that he couldn't
support something so pointless (Ehrhart 177). Ehrhart believed the government had made the people believe that they were trying to stop the vast
spread of communism. Ehrhart believed that the government was lying and that President Nixon wanted to start and win another war (Ehrhart 169).
Ehrhart often expressed his anti–war movement views to his crew mate, Roger. When talking to Roger, Ehrhart explains his theory on why he feels
lied to by the government. Ehrhart explained to Roger that Vietnam is nothing but a way for the United States to express their dominance and control.
For example Ehrhart says, "what we want is freedom to do business on our own terms and as much of the damned pie we can grab" (Ehrhart 181).

The World War II Ended And The Cold War
Once World War II ended and the cold war started to surface, tons of nations felt renewed anxiousness over peace across the United States and all the
other countries around the world. Norman A Graebner preached that because of the Soviets actions following World War II, they brought back up
visions of "Munich Syndrome." The comparison symbolized how effectively the Nazi's military was able to spread through Europe. Due to the
maneuvers of the newly developed Soviet Union, the United States and other allies in Europewere ready to stop the spread of communism and to make
sure we did not live in a communist world. In order to stop the spread of communism, the Eisenhower administration developed a campaign called the
Atoms of Peace. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speech to help promote the peaceful use of the atom was conceived by pragmatism, dedicated to being used in realism, and promoted by the
government using an ideal setting. At each stage of the speech and campaign many rhetorical purposes were used, some good, some bad, but both
motivated by words and deeds. The speech that Eisenhower's administration developed had three parts. First, despite American protestations to the
contrary, Eisenhower 's "Atoms for Peace" speech was, in fact, a carefully crafted piece of Cold War rhetoric. The speech was specifically designed to
gain a psychological victory over the Soviet Union. It was part of the American peace offensive launched, in part, as a response to an ongoing Soviet
peace offensive. Second, the speech creates one audience on the level of explicit argument, but a much different audience when the implicit arguments
are examined. Specifically, the speech is directed to the world at large, particularly those nonaligned nations in the midst of industrialization. It is aimed
at that amorphous animal called world opinion. Implicitly, it is addressed to the Soviet Union, partly as warning, partly as a challenge. Third, the
language is intentionally structured to invite the world at large to understand "Atoms for Peace" as a step toward nuclear disarmament. In addition to
the internal structure, the

Essay about Anti-War Movement in the United States
Anti–War Movement in the United States
During the late 60s and early 70s, anti–war movement was steadily progressing in the United States. The peace movement was directed to stop all
forms of war. As the sixties wore on many anti–war groups began to form in the United States to protest for peace. These included the Black Panthers,
the SDS, Woodstock, music and flower power, and the Hippy Movement. Theanti–war movement attracted people from college campuses, middle
class suburbs, labour unions and government institutions. Pacifists were also against the war on moral and religious grounds as they believed all war
is wrong because it is against Christian teaching. By the end of the sixties, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The source portrays a negative image for the war in Vietnam as it shows young children running from their homes which have just been bombed. This
may have been one of the reasons for the anti–war movement because the distraught faces of the innocent children brought a feeling of guilt to the
American people. However this source is biased and may have been used as propaganda to try and persuade the American people that taking part in the
war would result in the loss of many innocent lives.
Source C is by Richard Hamer, an American journalist, writing in 1970 about the widespread opposition to the American presence in Vietnam. This is
a primary source which explores the difficulties of fighting guerrillas. 'Should you kill of them or none of them?' This suggests the American soldiers
weren't killing the people they wanted to. The source is very negative towards U.S involvement in Vietnam and suggests reasons for the anti–war
movement. 'A couple of guys are dead, others are screaming in agony with a leg or arm blown off, or their guts hanging out'. This is a shocking
sentence which made American people feel that the U.S involvement in Vietnam was resulting in many gruesome and pointless deaths. This source is
fairly reliable, however it may have been biased if the journalist Richard Hamer supported the anti–war movement and wanted to persuade the
American public into not

The And Non Proliferation Education
This is how, through reports from 2002 to 2014 the advances in the field can be observed in two concrete points, first Mexico leadership, advocacy
and voice in the regional and international stage in the promotion of DNPE has solidified. Second, the incorporation of training courses and outreach
activities at a local level reinforces the interest of educating the decision makers and raising awareness within the society. Which ultimately contributes
to the regional advocacy for peace by becoming a point of reference in the region where new generations can receive education in the field. It is
important to highlight that Mexico has brought in to the debate NPDE and had encouraged states and international organization to introduced DNPE in
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As well within OPANAL Mexico pushed forward a resolution that calls on member states to implement the recommendations of the UN Study on
Disarmament and Non–Proliferation Education and to continue the task of disseminating the essence and importance of Tlatelolco Treaty. In a
subsequent resolution of OPANAL, the General Conference expressed its satisfaction with the work done by the organization in the matter of DNPE
and calls the General Secretary of the organization to continue with the diffusion of the treaty within civil society and academic institutions as a way of
contributing with peace education. But due to financial restrictions some of the activities in the field as the course The Nuclear Challenge had to be
postponed. Mexico has play a relevant role in the working group which seeks to review and analyze the future implementation on educational activities
through OPANAL, and further more in recent years has complemented OPANAL work and even filled the vacuum left by the regional organization in
the matter of DNPE. Within the framework of the Organization of American States, Mexico has introduced an encouraged the members states to
implement the recommendations made by the UN Study on disarmament and nonproliferation education. As well Mexico had presented three drafts
resolution in 2006, 2008 and 2010 to implement concrete measures for the promotion and spread of DNPD in the hemisphere. In that sense, Mexico
has proposed to

Mutually Assured Destruction: in Theory and Practice
By definition Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy in which full–scale use of nuclear weapons by both sides would
effectively result in the destruction of both side. It is not a complicated concept. An elementary school child could understand that the two biggest kids
in the class don't openly brawl because both would suffer unacceptable damage as well as put third parties in the danger of the crossfire. The concept
of MAD is not the complicated part; it is everything else that pertains to it that has baffled policy makers and theorists for generations. Mutually
Assured Destruction is a complex but precarious balance that dominated the Cold War Era. The stability can easily be disrupted by actions taken by ...
Credited with first use of the phrase "assured destruction", McNamara did much to outline the dilemma that both the United States and the United
Soviet Socialist Republic faced. Secretary McNamara proved to be highly influential on the Cold War, such as the Kennedy Administration actions on
the Bay of Pigs Operation, (although it ended up backfired on the Administration). He was also a member of the Executive Committee of the National
Security Counsel that advised President Kennedy on the Cuban Missile Crisis. He is famous for his Athens and Ann Arbor speeches in Greece and
Michigan respectfully, which suggested picking military targets rather than cities, as well as "indivisibility of control" which stressed a united nuclear
deterrent against the communist forces. The idea of a change in targets was however dropped when it was realized how difficult it would be to make it
an effective strategy. 9
Central to the employment of mutually assured destruction as a military doctrine is a belief that neither side would attack for it would ensure its own
death. This delicate balance exists only while conditions remain stable. Different actions each side takes in the conflict effect the stability in different
and often unexpected ways. How it effects the stability depends on the perception each country takes. One action intended by one country to help

Second Wave Of Feminism In Canada
Feminism has been discussed throughout the last century as women are began to prioritize their rights within their society. The first period of
significant feminist activity was the first wave of feminism around 1850–1900, primarily focusing on women's suffrage. It was not until the 1960s that
second wave of feminism came to be. This wave of feminism achieved visibility for women in Canada and played a significant role in the liberation of
women while contributing to other causes. The concentration on disarmament, misogyny, sexual violence, reproductive and equal rights were vital to
the emancipation of women and minorities.
The second wave of feminism concentrates on liberation, although it played a significant role in anti–war and environmental ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women worked tirelessly to challenge misogyny in education. The formation of 'women's studies' introduced women to disciplines like language,
philosophy, psychology, and history and opened doors for female STEM majors (Encyclopedia). Women campaigned for educational reforms
throughout education careers, and demanded changes in curricula and teaching forces to ensure that women were getting the same education as
men. Some changes include home economics and survival courses not being gendered courses and the same curriculum for physical education
classes. These changes in the education system made sexism in the new generations less common, a significant change from the previous
generation. Women also demanded to be equal in men within the work environment. Domestic labour remained their responsibility in society, and
if women are working they would be given incredibly lower wages than their male counterparts and little to no benefits. In 1951, women and men
were able to get equal pay, yet there were no significant changes to the wage gap. Over the years women "condemned the gendered pay
gap"(Encyclopedia) as well as other issues such as separation and divorce rights, discrimination in labour codes and restriction on married women.
During a divorce, women were not entitled to an equal share of property until 1980, where the "legislation recognized an equal division of property
upon separation or divorce" (Heritage). According to UFCW Canada, it was not until 1971 that women in the military were able to keep their jobs
when they got married, as the changes to the labour code prohibits sex discrimination. As second wave of feminism came to an end, women across
Canada were making more money, receiving benefits and were equal to men in the

The Atomic Bomb Changed the World Forever Essay
Introduction
The development and usage of the first atomic bombs has caused a change in military, political, and public functionality of the world today. The
bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki revolutionized warfare by killing large masses of civilian population with a single strike. The bombs' effects
from the blast, extreme heat, and radiation left an estimated 140,000 people dead. The bombs created a temporary resolution that lead to another
conflict. The Cold War was a political standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States that again created a new worldwidenuclear threat. The
destructive potential of nuclear weapons had created a global sweep of fear as to what might happen if these terrible forces where unleashed again. ...
During the first minute of the explosion many injuries where caused by the instantaneous penetrating radiation from the nuclear explosion (3). Other
casualties came from burning fires that had ignited throughout the cities from the tremendous heat of the blast (3). The pressure of the blast waves
created flying debris, collapsed buildings, and forcibly hurled people to their death (3). Undoubtedly those who survived the initial effects of the blast
were very lucky. The amount of deaths caused by the blast itself was incomparable to the number of lives lost to the other effects after the initial
explosion ("Summary of Damages and Injuries" 3). The inferno created by the bomb wasn't from the explosion itself, but the after effects of fires,
collapsed buildings, and flying debris (3). "In Hiroshima fires sprang up simultaneously all over the wide flat central area of the city;" these fires
combined to form immense fire storms which continued to destroy anything that had not already been destroyed by the blast. Buildings that had
encountered considerable structure damage collapsed and continued to take even more lives (13). In the end both cities were left totally obliterated
with nearly all of their residential districts and businesses flattened and most of their citizens dead (14). The technology that had built the atomic bomb
helped the "world [get] a glimpse of its own mortality" (Lanouette

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on the World
Nuclear weapons are the most dangerous weapons on earth. One can demolish a whole city, potentially killing millions, and exposed the natural
environment and lives of future generations through its long–term catastrophic effects. According to the UNODA– United Nations Office for
Disarmament Affairs (2011), "Although nuclear weapons have only been used twice in warfare– in the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in
1945–about 22,000 reportedly remains in our world today and there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted to date." Nuclear weapons have
been viewed as a threat to peace by world leaders. There have been debates of whether to let Iran and North Korea acquire nuclear weapons, leaders
all around the world along with Liberals believe that it is a threat to peace and should limit the spread whereas neo realist have another belief that
nuclear weapon can make the world a peaceful place. Because states would fear to attack each other. For example the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 and
cold war– there were only threats and war did not happen because of nuclear deterrence. The Cuban missile crisis has frequently been portrayed as the
only time where the world stood in the point of nuclear war between the superpowers. This is an example of how nuclear weapons were used to
threaten the rival. Another examples would be that of India and Pakistan before they acquire nuclear weapon , they fought three bloody wars after
having their independence but since 1998, after acquiring

Questions And Answers From A Troubled Peace
Four questions and answers from A Troubled Peace
1. Why President Reagan had a good relationship with President Chun, and what incidents make this relationship stronger?
в†’ President Reagan had basic ideas about the danger of appeasement and the evils of communism. He regarded South Korea as a stalwart ally and a
valiant symbol of resistance to communism. Therefore, Reagan ignored President Chun's record of antidemocratic activities (p.113). In Reagan's view,
Chun resembled former President Park in terms of his strong political leadership, anti–Communist commitment, and emphasis on economic
advancement. Also, Reagan administration was satisfied with the consolidation of a stable situation under President Chun (p.116). In addition, two
accidents strengthen the Reagan administration's support to South Korea. First, on October 9, 1983, North Korean attack in the Martyrs' Mausoleum of
Rangoon, Burma, killed 17 South Koreans and four Burmese. Even though President Chun saved his life, South Korea lost many high ranking officials
(p.119). Second, on September 1, 1983, the Soviet Union attacked Korean Air Lines Flight 007 because the flight had intruded into Soviet territory to
gather military intelligence for the U.S. After the incident, Reagan assailed Soviet's massacre and savagery in his public addresses and launch a
vigorous anti–Soviet campaign (p.117). After these two events, President Reagan visited South Korea three days in November 1983 and expressed the
U.S.

Nuclear Weapon Production Of Nuclear Weapons Essay
Nuclear Weapon Production Apocalypse
Hunter Honeycutt
Western Kentucky University Glasgow
Nuclear Weapon Production Apocalypse
If the production of nuclear weaponry is not diminished, it will cause the end of everything. With the production of nuclear weapons increasing, it will
only be a matter of time until a nuclear war breaks out. When a nuclear weapon is used, it has three killing modes. The first would be the impact, when
the bomb first hits. The second would be the shockwave that extends outward a good deal. Thirdly, the radiation effect would kill several more after that.
How does a nuclear weapon work you might ask? Well there are two ways a nuclear weapon can work. One is nuclear fission and the other is nuclear
fusion. In nuclear fission, the nucleus of an atom is split in two by a neutron. To do this, isotopes will need to be present such as uranium
(uranium–235, uranium–233) or plutonium (plutonium–239) (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament). An isotope is the same element but with different
numbers. Nuclear fusion is kind of how the sun works. According to Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, two small atoms are fused together to create
one large atoms. This typically requires hydrogen or hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, tritium), to form a larger one (helium isotopes) (Campaign for
Nuclear Disarmament).
As stated in a previous paragraph, a nuclear weapon will kill on contact. According to a website article by History.com, the first bomb that was

How Did Joseph Rotblat Cause Mass Destruction
Joseph Rotblat was a polish physicist that helped create the first atomic bomb in the 1940s. The first test explosion of a hydrogen bomb was done
by the USA in 1952, the year that Britain exploded its first test atomic bomb. The Soviet Union exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1953. In the
1950s by the end of world war в…Ў the united states decided to launch the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Nagasaki. Joseph Rotblat then devoted his life
on the banning the usage of nuclear weapons and testing. Rotblat does this by joining groups like the pugwash conference on science and world affairs
and also having a part in the Russell–einstein manifesto. Rotblat did this because he did not want his own work to cause mass destruction but to help
create peace.

The Spread Of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate
Two main theorists of international relations, Kenneth Waltz and Scott Sagan have been debating on the issue of nuclear weapons and the proliferation
of nuclear weapons in the 21st century. In their book The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate, they both discuss their various theories,
assumptions and beliefs on nuclear proliferation and nuclear weapons. To examine why states would want to attain/develop anuclear weapon and if
increasing nuclear states is a good or bad thing. In my paper, I will discuss both of their theories and use a case study to illustrate which theory I agree
with and then come up with possible solutions of preventing a nuclear war from occurring.
Kenneth Waltz is a renowned international theorist who has a neorealism view. Waltz believes that nuclear weapons can be seen as a positive thing. In
the book he is associated with the belief that "more may be better." He talks about states creating their own sense of security to ward off internal and ...
Nuclear weapons are like the latest toys for state actors. It's something that everyone wants to have because it shows your strength, wealth and power.
Trying to deter people away from that will be a very difficult task. However, I believe that it is achievable to prevent future states from nuclear
proliferation. I believed that if we get all the nuclear states on board with a campaign for nuclear disbarment policy, it could be achieved. That would
entail involving the U.N and the IAEA and of course major funding to start this campaign. In addition to having a campaign for nuclear disarmament, it
would also be very important to stress how they're other ways to protect ones country other than nuclear weapons. Options, which include other
technologies similar to nuclear weapons without nuclear waste being involved, biological weapons, chemical weapons and the old fashion

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