After WWI, art in France explored new directions as artists reacted against traditional styles. Painters like Picasso, Braque, and Matisse incorporated modern elements like geometric shapes and new perspectives in their works. Meanwhile, the Bauhaus school in Germany combined crafts and fine arts to create functional yet beautiful designs. Under the leadership of Gropius and Mies van der Rohe, the Bauhaus pioneered new approaches to architecture, products, and art that emphasized simplicity and integration of art into daily life. These innovative styles from France and Germany signaled a shift to modern aesthetics in the early 20th century.

1. Art in France after
WWI
left side

2. Amedeo Modigliani
Portrait of Jeanne Hebuterne
with Hat and Necklace
1917
Oil on Canvas
54” x 65”
Private Collection

4. Suzanne Valadon
Blue Room
1923
[Fig. 03-37]

5. Henri Matisse
Music Lesson
1917
Oil on canvas
8’ 1⁄8” × 6’ 7”
The Barnes Foundation,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[Fig. 11-08]

6. Henri Matisse
Interior with a
Phonograph
1924
Oil on canvas
39-3⁄4 × 32”
Private collection
[Fig. 11-10]

7. Raoul Dufy
Indian Model in the
Studio at L’Impasse
Guelma
1928
Oil on canvas
31-7⁄8 × 39-3⁄8”
rivate collection
[Fig. 11-13]

8. Pablo Picasso
Ambroise Vollard
1915
Pencil on paper
18-3⁄8 × 12-9⁄16”
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York
[Fig. 11-14]

9. Pablo Picasso
The Pipes of Pan
1923
Oil on canvas
6’ 6-1⁄2” × 5’ 8-1⁄2”
Musée Picasso, Paris
[Fig. 11-17]

10. Pablo Picasso
Three Musicians
summer 1921
Oil on canvas
6’ 7” × 7’ 3-3⁄4”
The Museum of Modern
Art, New York
[Fig. 11-19]

11. Georges Braque
Woman with a Mandolin
1937
Oil on canvas
51-1⁄4 × 38-1⁄4”
The Museum of Modern Art, New
York
[Fig. 11-24]

12. Fernand Léger
The Great
Parade
1954
Oil on canvas
9’ × 13’ 1”
Guggenheim
Museum
New York
[Fig. 11-26]

13. Amédée Ozenfant
Guitar and Bottles
1920
Oil on canvas
31-7⁄8 × 39- 1⁄4”
Guggenheim
Museum
New York
[Fig. 11-27]

14. De Stijl
&
Geometric
Abstraction

15. Piet Mondrian
Apple Tree
Pointillist Version
1909-09
Oil on Composition
Board
22 3/8” x 29 ½”
Dallas Museum
of Art
[Fig.12.1]

16. Theo van
Doesburg
Card Players
1916–17
Tempera on canvas
46-1⁄2 × 58”
Private collection
[Fig. 12-05]

17. Theo van
Doesburg
Sophie Taeuber
& Jean (Hans)
Arp
Interior, Café
l’Aubette
1926–28
Strasbourg,
destroyed 1940
[Fig. 12-07]

18. Gerrit Rietveld
Living and dining
area
Schröder House
with furniture
by
Rietveld
[Fig. 12-12]

19. Bauhaus

20. Walter Gropius and Adolph Meyer, Fagus Shoe Factory, 1911–25.
Alfeld-an-der-Leine, Germany. [Fig. 13-01]

21. Walter Gropius and Adolph Meyer, Design for the Chicago Tribune Tower, 1922.
[Fig. 13-03]

22. László Moholy-Nagy, Light Prop for an Electric Stage (Light–Space Modulator), 1922–30.
Kinetic sculpture of steel, plastic, wood, and other materials with electric motor, 59-1⁄2 × 27-1⁄2 × 27-1⁄2” (151.1 ×
69.9 × 69.9 cm). Busch-Reisinger Museum,
Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, MA. [Fig. 13-05]

23. László Moholy-Nagy, Untitled (looking down from the Radio Tower, Berlin), c. 1928. Gelatin-silver print, 14-1⁄4 × 10”
(36.2 × 25.6 cm).
The Art Institute of Chicago, Julien Levy Collection. [Fig. 13-07]

24. Paul Klee, Um den Fisch (Around the Fish), 1926.
Oil and tempera on primed muslin on cardboard;
original frame, 18-3⁄8 × 25-1⁄8” (46.7 × 63.8 cm).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Fund. [Fig. 13-09]

25. Paul Klee, Ad Parnassum, 1932.
Oil and casein paint on canvas; original frame, 39-3⁄8 × 49-5⁄8” (100 × 126 cm).
Kunstmuseum Bern, Dauerleihgabe des Vereins der Freunde des Kunstmuseums Bern (Society of Friends of
Kunstmuseum Bern). [Fig. 13-11]

26. Vasily Kandinsky, Composition VIII, 1923.
Oil on canvas, 55-1⁄8 × 79-1⁄8” (140 × 201 cm).
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. [Fig. 13-13]

27. Oskar Schlemmer, Study for The Triadic Ballet, c. 1921–23.
Gouache, brush and ink, incised enamel, and pasted photographs on paper, 22-5⁄8 × 14-5⁄8” (57.5 × 37.1 cm).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. [Fig. 13-15]

28. Gunta Stölzl, Tapestry, 1922–23.
Cotton, wool, and linen, 8’ 4-13⁄16” × 6’ 2” (2.56 × 1.88 m).
Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University Art Museums, Cambridge, MA. Association Fund. BR49.669. [Fig. 13-17]

29. Herbert Bayer, Bauhaus Dessau, 1926.
Letterpress, 8-1⁄2 × 5-7⁄8” (21.6 × 14.9 cm).
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. [Fig. 13-19]

30. Naum Gabo, Linear Construction in Space, No. 1 (Variation).
Lucite with nylon thread, 24-1⁄2 × 24-1⁄2” (62.2 × 62.2 cm).
The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C. [Fig. 13-21]

31. Anton Pevsner, Monde (World), 1947.
Bronze, 29-1⁄2 × 23-2⁄3 × 22-3⁄4” (75 × 60 × 57 cm).
Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou, Paris.
[Fig. 13-23]

32. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Model for a glass skyscraper, 1922. [Fig. 13-25]

33. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German Pavilion, International Exposition, 1929.
Barcelona, Spain. Reconstructed 1986. [Fig. 13-27]

34. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, German Pavilion, 1929. Interior view. [Fig. 13-29]