The document summarizes the history and specifications of NASA's Space Shuttle program. It describes key aspects of the shuttle including its 135 missions from 1981 to 2011 which launched satellites and parts for the International Space Station. It details the major components of the shuttle - the orbiter, external tank, solid rocket boosters, and main engines. It provides specifications for components like height, mass, payload capacity. It outlines a typical mission profile from launch to orbital operations to re-entry and landing back on Earth.

1. Prepared By sanusi jibrin

2. Introduction
• Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth
orbital spacecraft
• Its operated by NASA.
• The Space Shuttle was the most complex space
vehicle design of its time.
• Its Launched from the Kennedy Space Center
(KSC) in Florida.
• Its official program name was Space
Transportation System (STS).

3. History
• Total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011.
• Launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes
also participated in construction and servicing of the
International Space Station.
• Total flight duration: 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes
and 23 seconds.
• Total 6 orbiters: Enterprise, Columbia, Challenger,
Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour.
• Challenger and Columbia were destroyed in
mission accidents in 1986 and 2003.

4. Space Shuttle Orbiters

5. Specifications
• Height 56.1m
• Diameter 8.7m
• Mass 2030 tones
• Crew 7 (max)
• Payload to LEO
• Payload to GTO
•
•
24 400 kg
3810 kg
Payload to Polar orbit 12 700 kg
Payload to Landing 14 400 kg

6. The last space shuttle
 The last space shuttle Atlantis is a U.S. Manned
space shuttle which was liftoff on july 8, 2011 at
11:29 a.m. the name of the mission was STS-135.
 The crew of four(4) veteran astronauts aboard the
Atlantis. commander Chris Ferson, pilot Dough
Hurley, mission specialist Sandy Magnus and Rex
Walheim set off the STS-135 mission to deliver a
stockpile of supplies and parts to the station. The
mission lasted for about 12 days as the Atlantis
drop out of the predawn darkness and landed at
kennedys shuttle landing facility runway at 5:57
a.m on july 21.

7. crew

8. Space Shuttle Launch Configuration

9. • ORBITE
R• The orbiter resembles a conventional aircraft.
• Carries Astronauts and payloads
• Space Shuttle Main Engines are mounted on the
orbiter.
• Made from Aluminum alloy.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Length:
Height:
Empty weight:
37.237 m
17.25 m
78 000 kg
Maximum payload capacity : 25 000 kg
Operational altitude:
Average Speed:
190 to 960 km
7.743 km/s

10. Space shuttle orbiter

11. • ENGINE
S
• Space Shuttle Main Engine
(SSME):
• Provides thrust for Liftoff
•
•
•
•
•
Engines:
Thrust :
Burn time:
3
5.255 MN
480 sec
Made from Titanium alloy.
Fuel: LH & LOX
• Orbital Maneuvering Engine:
• Provides thrust for orbital insertion
• Engines: 2
• Thrust: 53.4 kN (combined thrust)
• Typical burn time: 150–250 sec
• Deorbit burn time: 1250 sec
• Fuel: N2O4

12. Space Shuttle Main Engine

13. • EXTERNAL
TANK• The main function of the external tank was to
supply the LOX and LH fuel to the main
engines
• The external tank was the only part of the
Shuttle system that was not reused
• The External Tank contains two internal
tanks—one for the storage of LOX and the
other for the storage of LH
• Length:
• Diameter:
• Propellant volume:
46.9 m
8.4 m
2025 m3

14. .
A Space Shuttle External Tank (ET)on its way to the Vehicle Assembly Building

15. • SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS
(SRB)
• 2 Solid Rocket Boosters
• Length:
• Diameter:
• Empty weight (each):
•
•
•
•
45.46 m
3.71 m
68 000 kg
Thrust (by each):
Burn time:
12.5 MN
124 s
Provide 83% of the total thrust at liftoff.
Fuel: Solid Fuel(Ammonium perchlorate propellant)

16. Solid Rocket Boosters separation

17. Mission profile
• A last shuttle mission last for twelve days
• A typical shuttle mission is as follows:
• 1. Getting into orbit
o 1.1 Launch
o 1.2 Ascent.
o 1.3 Orbital maneuvering burn.
• 2. Orbital life in space.
• 3. Re-entry.
• 4. Landing.

18. Mission summary

19. liftoff

20. Space shuttle leaving the lower atmosphere

21. STS-135 ducked to the ISS

23. RE-ENTRY AND
LANDING
• Usually Performed under computer control.
• However, the re-entry could be flown entirely
manually if an emergency arose.
• Begin re-entry by firing its OMS engines.
• Orbiter flies in the opposite direction to orbital
motion for approximately three minutes

24. Roll over

25. Mack down STS-135 in upper atmosphere

26. • This will lower shuttles orbit down into the upper
atmosphere.
• Vehicle enters upper atmosphere at around Mach 25 at a
40-degree nose-up attitude, producing high drag
• Atmospheric friction produce a temperature of about
1650 °C during re-entry
• This high temperature will heat up the orbiter

27. • By the end of the flight the orbiter reaches lower
atmosphere
• The shuttle now glide through the atmosphere like a
glider
• The vehicle level its wings, lower its nose and began
its approach to the landing site
• Approach and landing phase begin when the orbiter
was at about 3000 m altitude and 12 km from the
runway

28. • The Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System
protect the shuttle from this high temperature
• The heat shield is made mainly from Silica

29. Re entry

32. • The pilots apply aerodynamic braking to help slow
down the vehicle.
• Orbiter's speed is reduced from 682 to 346 km/h
• The landing gears were deployed while the Orbiter is
flying at 430 km/h
•

33. • To assist the speed brake a 12 m drag chute is
deployed.
• The chute was jettisoned once the orbiter slowed to 110
km/h
• Finally the orbiter comes to a Stop.

35. Reference
1.Space Shuttle -Afuture Space Transportation System
Robert.F.Thompson
2. Kyle, Ed. "STS Data Sheet". spacelaunchreport.com.
Retrieved July 2014.
3.Jenkins, Dennis R. (2006). Space Shuttle: The History of the National
Space Transportation System. Voyageur Press. ISBN 0- 9633974-5-1.
4. "INTRODUCTION TO FUTURE LAUNCH VEHICLE
PLANS [1963–2001] Updated 6/15/2001, by Marcus Lindroos".
Pmview.com. June 15, 2001. Retrieved 2012-04-17.