Qualitative Analysis

2. Qualitative
Analysis

3. Qualitative
- relating to how
good something
is.
Analysis
- a careful study
about something
Qualitative Analysis
- is a securities analysis
that uses subjective
judgment based on
unquantifiable
information.

4. Qualitative Research
- a primarily exploratory research. It is
used to gain an understanding of underlying
reasons, opinions, and motivations. It is also
used to uncover trends in thought and
opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.

5. Some common methods include focus
groups, individual interviews, and
participation/observations. The sample size
is typically small, and respondents are
selected to fulfil a given data.

6. Purpose
Share ways in which we have used
Qualitative data to strengthen our work.
Not all topics in language nor literature can
be measured statistically. Viewpoints,
actions and characteristics can’t always be
represented numerically and so need a
qualitative approach.

7. Share ways in which we have
used Qualitative
Qualitative inquiry allows us to ask
different types of questions that
surveys alone might not
be appropriate for.
An accessible introduction to this
type of research might allow for
your offices to expand their
thinking to more deeply explore
student needs.

8. For example...
● A survey question might present a
statement such as: “Attending event enhanced
my understanding of diversity.” Then the
respondent would fill in their answer on a scale
(strongly agree to strongly disagree).
However, a qualitative question might ask:

9. “How was your understanding of diversity
affected by attending event?”
Categories of
Approaches
1.Reflection
- This approach is aimed at gaining an
insights into the thinking processes and
opinions of the test taker.

10. 2. Verbal reports or verbal protocols
- are a way of collecting qualitative data.
They offer an insight into the thought
processes of informants.
Types of Verbal Reports
► Think aloud - asking learners to verbalize their
thought processes while they are involved in
processing language, typically reading a text or
writing an essay.

11. ► Retrospective- learners verbalize their thought
processes immediately after they process the
language.
3. . Diary Studies
- informants keep a diary which allows
researchers to get an insight into their
thoughts. Diaries are not often used in test
validation research, but they have proven their
worth in research into learning processes.

12. Advantages and disadvantages of Diary
Studies
■ Advantages
- greater coverage of types and
locations of participants.
- participants classify their activities,
rather than an observer who may not have
the technical knowledge.
- All time can be recorded, rather than
when an observer is present.

13. ■ Potential problems
- selecting participants who can express
themselves well.
- providing encouragement over the
record-keeping period.
- risk of recording bias by participants.
- comparison may be difficult if sample is
not homogeneous.

14. TECHNIQUES FOR
MONITORING STUDENT
PROGRESS
 Make video and audio recordings of a
variety of formal and informal oral
language experiences, and then assess
these according to pre-determined criteria
which are based upon student needs and
curriculum objectives.

15. Use checklists as concise methods of
collecting information, and rating scales of
rubrics to assess student achievement.
Record anecdotal comments to provide
useful data based upon observation of
students’ oral activities.

16. Reasons to use Qualitative methods to Assess
Student Learning
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences(
1993 ) reinforced the notion that learning goals,
curriculum, instruction, and related endeavors
should be integrated as part of assessment and
accountability system. The theory specifically
states that students need to be able to show
their understanding in many different ways and
that institutions should develop modes of
assessment that “ contribute to enlightened
educational goals”( 1993 p.163)

17. The reason is that often quantitative measures
such as test examine specific domains that may
or may not represent the knowledge or abilities
of individual students. One of the arguments in
favor of quantitative assessments in their
capacity to effectively predict future student
performance and outcomes. However, the
predictive usefulness of quantitative
measurement often extends no more than the
next year of course work. Therefore, these
measures not only fail to properly assess the
ability and skills of different intelligence types.

18. A qualitative asessment approach that centers
students and their experiences while measuring
their skills and abilities in deep and meaningful
ways.
Portfolios are one of the best-
known qualitative techniques
used to evaluate student learning
in higher education.

19. Good types of
qualitative wording
for research
questions Meaning
Outline
How
Generate
What
Identify Describe

20. Examples of effective qualitative research
questions
Good Example
How much time do you listen
to rock music a week ?
Reason: This would be a
much more suitable
quantitative research question,
as it enables you to collect
data. However, from a
qualitative viewpoint, the data
could not be used to create a
judgment or perception as the
data is just factual information.
Why do you prefer listening to
rock music more than other
music genres?
Reason: This is a
considerably more subjective
question, the results of which
could potentially lead to you
forming the basis of a more
credible argument.

21. Good Example
What is the meaning of life?
Reason: This type of
question is far too broad
and lacking in focus to be
used as the basis of any
type of research study.
Could you describe the
most important factors in
your life?
Reason: Again, this
question is much more
subjective, giving the
respondent the opportunity
to provide more reason,
personal response that can
form the basis of a credible
argument.

24. THANK
YOU