MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY

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Perception
By Mr. Jones H.M-MBA

2. Definitions
– Although intimately related, sensation and perception play
two complimentary but different roles in how we interpret
our world.
– Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment
through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
– This information is sent to our brains in raw form where
perception comes into play.
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3. – Perception is the way we interpret these sensations and
therefore make sense of everything around us.
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4. Definition cont
– Perception is the process by which sensory cerebral area
receives, organize and interpret patterns of stimuli from
within the body or from the environment. (Evryl E. Fisher
1994)
– Is the overall process of apprehending objects and
understand them, identify, label, and prepare to react to
them.
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5. Processes involved in
perception
– The process of perception is best understood when we
divide it into 3 stages i.e. sensation, organization and
identification or recognition of the objects.
– Sensation: Is the process by which stimulation of the
sensory organ receptors produces a neural impulses that
represents experiences inside or outside the body.
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6. Processes involved in perception
cont
– Perceptual organization: This refers to stage in which an
internal representation of an object is formed and a
percept of the external stimuli is developed. This
representation provide a working description of the
perceiver’s external environment.
 Perceptual organization provide estimate of the objects
size, shape, movement, distance and orientation
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7. Processes involved in perception
cont
 These estimates are based on mental computations that
integrate your past knowledge with the present evidence
received from your senses.
– Identification and recognition: This means assigning
meaning to the percept (Percept is what a person
perceives)
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8. Processes involved in
perception cont
 For example circular object become as balls, coins, clocks,
oranges and moons. People may also be identified as male
or females, friend or enemies.
 To identify the object the person asks himself a ”what is
this object?” and a question of recognition” what is the
objects function?”
 These questions may help to identify and recognize the
object or situation.
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9. Sensory organs involved in
perception
– All the five sense organ are involved in perception. The
organs include:
– The Eyes: sense of sight
– The Ear: sense of hearing
– The skin: Sense of touch
– The tongue: Sense of taste
– The nose: sense of smell
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10. Areas responsible for various
activities
– Sensory awareness- Parietal lobe
– Vision- Occipital lobe
– Hearing- Temporal lobe
– Reasoning, learning and self control-Frontal lobe
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11. Areas responsible for various
activities
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12. Laws of perception
– It states that when you are confronted with a perceptual
field that is disorganized the first reaction is to try and
impose some order on it i.e. give it a pattern.
– This law has some sub laws which include the following;
 Law of similarity: It stipulate that things that are similar will
be grouped together
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13. Laws of perception
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14. Laws of perception cont
 Law of proximity : It state that things that are near each
other tend to be associated with each other.
 Law of continuity: When things are arranged in a complete
figure they are perceived better.
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15. Laws of perception cont
 Law of closure: When something has gaps in it, you tend to
complete the gap to complete the figure and make it more
meaningful
 Law of membership character: Things which are in an
environment where they are different they are perceived
easily
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16. Factors influencing
perception
– Personal: perception will be influenced by your personal
experiences. for example when you are given a
disorganized perceptual field your first attempt will be to
impose some order.
 The order may be influenced be personal factors such as
experience.
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17. Factors influencing perception
cont
– Socio cultural: Culture and society will influence
perception.
 For example when a boy who lives in the village is asked to
draw a house he or she may draw hut because that is what
he/she sees in its social cultural environment
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18. The End
Thankyouforyourattention
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