This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.

1. Welcome

2. B R E A S T
G
By:
Nikita ChaudharyF E E D I N

4. According to
the WHO &
AAP
Breastfeeding
is the normal
way of
providing young
infants with the
nutrients they
need for
healthy growth
and
development.
Breastfeeding
helps defend
against
infections,
prevent
allergies, and
protect against
a number of
chronic
conditions.
Introduction

5. 31.07.2016 Breast Feeding 5

6. Anatomy of Breast

7. Milk Production &
Secretion

8. Prolactin reflex
• Prolactin is produced by the anterior
pituitary gland which is responsible
for milk secretion by the mammary
gland cells.
• When the baby sucks, the nerve
endings in the nipple carry message
to the anterior pituitary which in turn
releases prolactin.
• The earlier the baby is put on the
breast, the sooner the reflex is
initiated.
• The more the baby sucks at the
breast, the greater is the stimulus for
milk production.
• The greater is the demand for milk,
larger is the volume of milk produced.

9. Oxytocin reflex
• Oxytocin is a hormone produced
by the posterior pituitary.
• It is responsible for contraction of
the myo-epithelium around the
glands leading to ejection of the
milk from the glands into the lacteal
sinuses and the lacteal ducts.
• This hormone is produced in
response to stimulation to the nerve
endings in the nipple by sucking as
well as by the thought, sight or
sound of the baby.

10. Hormones travel via bloodstream
to mammary gland to stimulate
milk production and mild ejection
reflex.
Milk is produced
and ejected.
Infant suckles at
the breast.
Stimulation of nerve ending in
mother’s nipple/areola sends
signal to hypothalamus of
pituitary gland.
Pituitary releases
prolactin and
oxytocin hormone.
Process of milk
Secretion

11. Types of milk

12. Types of
Milk
(In 100 ml)
Protein (g) Fat (g) Carbohydra
te
(g)
Calorie
(Kcal)
Colostrum 7.5 2 4-5 150
Transitional 2.5 3.2 5.5-6.6 60-80
Mature 1.1-1.5 3.5-4.5 7 65-70
Composition of Milk

13. Milk which outpoured in one feeding can be classified as
Fore milk
Early milk
At the beginning of the feeding, got more
lactose, proteins and water and water and
satisfies the baby’s thirst.
Hind milk
Late milk
Comes later towards the end of a feed and
is richer in fat content and provides more
energy, and satisfies the baby’s hunger.
 For optimum growth the baby needs both fore and hind milk.
 The baby should therefore be allowed to empty one breast.
 The second breast should be offered after emptying the first.

17. Saves money
Promotes family
planning
Decreases need
for hospitalization
Contributes to
child survival
Benefits to Family and Society

18. Rules of Breast
feeding

19. Rules of Breast Feeding
Exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months and To continue for at least the second year.
Complementary foods rich in iron and other micronutrients should be introduced at about 6 months of age.
Mother and infant should sleep in proximity to each other to facilitate breastfeeding.
Initiation of breastfeeding should be encouraged as soon as possible after the birth, ideally within 1 hour.
Ensure 8 to 12 feedings every 24 h till 2 – 3 months then 6 feeding till 6 months then 5 feeding till one year.
At every feeding the infant is placed only on one breast and then during the next feeding on the other one, thus alternating them.
The duration of feeding is about 20-30 minutes. However, it is said that there is no exact time of every feeding of the infant. Every
infant sucks the breast with different frequency and different duration of feedings with a day.
The amount of milk that the breasts produce depends partly on how much the baby suckles, and how much milk he removes. More
suckling makes more milk.
Breast milk flow depends partly on the mother's thoughts, feelings and sensations. It is important to keep mothers and babies
together day and night, and to help mothers to feel good about breastfeeding.
Give no supplements (water, glucose water, commercial infant formula, or other fluids) to breastfeeding newborn infants.
Pacifier should be offered, while placing infant in back-to sleep-position, no earlier than 3 to 4 weeks of age and after breastfeeding
has been established.

20. Lower lip turn outwards.Baby’s chin touches
mother’s breast.
Baby’s mouth wide open.
Majority of areola inside
baby’s mouth.
Indicators of good attachment

21. Indicators of successful feeding in babies
Regular soaked/heavy nappies, about
6-8 wet diapers in a 24 hour
Average daily weight gain of 20 -40g.
Go to sleep and comfort after
feeding
Moist mouth Relaxed arms and hands
Sustained rhythmic suck
Audible and visible swallowing.
Frequent feedings 8-12 times daily

22. Breast softening
No compression of the nipple at the end of the feed
Woman feels relaxed and sleepy
Indicators of successful breastfeeding in women

24. Proper
position of
baby
Supporting
whole of
baby’s
body.
Ensure
baby’s
head, neck
and back
are in same
plane.
Entire
baby’s body
should face
mother.
Baby’s
abdomen
touches
mother’s
abdomen.
Correct positioning will
ensure effective sucking
and prevent sore nipples
and breast engorgement.

26. Cradle Hold
This is the most common position used by mothers.
Infant’s head is supported in the elbow, the back and
buttock is supported by the arm and lifted to the
breast.
Football Hold Position
The infant’s is placed under the arm, like holding a
football.
Baby’s body is supported with the forearm and the
head is supported with the hand.
Many mothers are not comfortable with this position.
Good position after operative procedures.

27. Cross Cradle Hold Position
Ideal for early breastfeeding.
Mother holds the baby crosswise in the crook
of the arm opposite the breast the infant is to
be fed.
The baby's trunk and head are supported with
the forearm and palm.
The other hand is placed beneath the breast in
a U shaped to guide the baby's mouth to your
breast.
Side Lying Position
The mother lies on her side propping up her
head and shoulder with pillows.
The infant is also lying down facing the mother.
Good position after Caesarean section.
Allows the new mother some rest.
Most mothers are scared of crushing the baby.

28. Australian Hold Position
This is also called the saddle hold.
Usually used for older infants.
Not commonly used by mothers.
Best used in older infants with runny nose, ear
infection.
Laid-back breastfeeding or reclined
position
The laid-back breastfeeding position, also known as
biological nurturing, is often the first mums try.
If your baby is placed on your chest or tummy as soon
as he’s born, all being well he’ll instinctively work his
way towards one of your breasts and attempt to latch
on – this is known as the ‘breast crawl’.
Skin-to-skin contact helps stimulate his feeding
instincts, while gravity helps him to latch on well and
keeps him in place.

29. Nursing in a sling Dancer hand nursing position
Other breast feeding positions
Dangle position

30. Human milk can be stored at room
temperature for 6-8 hours.
Expressed milk can be stored in an
insulated cooler bag with icepacks for
24hours.
Breast milk can be stored in the
refrigerator for about 5 days at about
40° F.
It can also be kept in a freezer
compartment of a fridge for up to two
weeks at 0 - 5°F.
It can be stored in a deep freezer for
about 3-12 months.

32. Barriers of Breast feeding:
 Individual: Inadequate knowledge, embarrassment, social , negative
perceptions
 Interpersonal: Lack of support from partner and family, perceived threat
to father-child bond
 Institutional: Return to work or school, lack of workplace facilities,
unsupportive health care environments
 Community: Discomfort about nursing in public.
 Policy: Aggressive marketing by formula companies.

33. Contra-indications of Breast Feeding
Infants:
 Galactosemia
 Phenylketoneurea
Mothers:
 Mothers taking any of the following
medications: radioactive isotopes,
cancer chemotherapy agents, such as
antimetabolites and illegal drugs.
 Active untreated TB.
Breastfeeding
mothers should
avoid alcohol. An
occasional drink is
acceptable, but
breastfeeding
should be avoided
for 2 hours after the
drink.

34. Commonly Mistaken as contraindication are the following
Women who have cesarean deliveries Initiate breastfeeding immediately, using a semi recumbent
position on the side or sitting up.
Women received vaccinations or live with vaccinated
children
Neither inactivated nor live vaccines administered to a lactating
woman or other family members affect the safety of breastfeeding
for the mother or infant.
Women who had breast surgery Breastfeed frequently to maintain milk supply. If the surgical
wound is painful, the other breast can be used but monitor infant
growth because milk supply could be insufficient.
Women who have hepatitis A Initiate breastfeeding after infant receives immune serum
globulin, and then vaccinate at 1 year of age.
Women who have hepatitis B Initiate breastfeeding after infant receives hepatitis B immune
globulin and first dose of the 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine series.
Women who have hepatitis C Hepatitis C is not a contraindication for breastfeeding, but
reconsider if nipples are cracked or bleeding.

35. Sore nipples Engorgement of Breast
Plugged milk ducts Mastitis
Low milk supply
Challenges of
Breast feeding

36. Problems Introduction Causes Treatment
Sore or Cracked
nipples
Painful condition around
the nipple area.
• Poor attachment
• Bacterial or fungal infection
• Vasoconstriction of nipple.
• Milk blisters or blebs
• Identify the cause.
• Topical antibiotics and antifungal medicine.
• Warm compression
Plugged milk ducts Condition of blockage in
a milk duct results in poor
or insufficient drainage of
milk.
• Poor attachment
• Tight clothing
• Long period between breastfed.
• Proper positioning & attachment.
• Warm compression
• Frequent feeding
• Avoid tight clothing.
Engorgement of
Breast
Conditions where breast
tissues overfills with milk,
blood & fluids results in
hard and painful breast.
• Blocked milk duct
• Tight clothing
• Poor attachment
• Stopped breast feeding
• Breast feed often
• Gentle massage and hand expression.
• Cold therapy
• Pain relief medication
Mastitis Inflammation of breast
tissues.
• Not emptying the breast
properly.
• Pressure in glandular tissue.
• Over supply of breast milk.
• Empty breast.
• Moderate warmth & Cold therapy
• Gentle massage.
• Check latch and positioning.
• Medications
Lactation
insufficiency
The production of
breast milk in daily
volumes that do not fully
meet the nutritional
needs of her infant.
• Excessive blood loss during
birth.
• History of hormonal disorders.
• Mammary hypoplasia
• Supplementing
• Bottle preference
• Pacifiers
• Feed frequently.
• Avoid pacifiers and bottles.
• Remove more milk.
• Use breast compression to feed longer.
• Avoid solids, water and formula.

37. By:
Nikita Chaudhary
Education in Health Care