Running head ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT .docx

Running head: ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
1
ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT
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Attitude and Social Support
PSYCH 628
November 17, 2014
Attitude and Social Support
Attitude and social support can greatly prescribe the ability of
patients to cope and deal with their conditions. In the case of
Aunt Phyllis, her negative attitude and lack of a stable social
support network are negatively affecting her breast cancer
prognosis. This is due to her views and her condition as a threat
rather than a challenge. She lacks positivity, hardiness and
optimism, all of which are vital for coping well with breast
cancer. By eliminating maladaptive thoughts and maintaining a
positive attitude in regard to her illness will aid Phyllis to
thrive more fully in her current situation. In addition, some
evidence-based interventions that can help Phyllis cope with her
circumstances include psychotherapeutic techniques such as
individual therapy, family therapy and group therapy,
complementary therapies and psychopharmacological
interventions. Relying on Phyllis’s case, this paper explores the
effects of attitudes and social support on the prognosis of
diseases such as breast cancer.
Concepts of Positivity, Hardiness and Optimism
The concepts of positivity, hardiness and optimism are clearly
seen in Phyllis’ case. Positivity is an affirmative outlook that
enables a person to endure stressful events with a belief in good
possibilities of life. Currently, Phyllis does not show any

positivity with her thinking and actions. She is no longer active
and vibrant like she used to be before her husband’s death and
her diagnosis with breast cancer. Hardiness is also an important
factor that can help determine how patients cope with breast
cancer and other complications. According to Matthews & Cook
(2009), the three main features of psychological hardiness are
control, challenge and commitment. From the case scenario
involving Phyllis, it is evident that Phyllis lacks hardiness. This
is due impart because she perceives the cancer as a threat rather
than as a challenge. The problem has overwhelmed Phyllis and
caused her to feel hopeless about life, blaming God for her
cancer.
Optimism on the other hand implies a positive attitude and
outlook of the world (Matthews & Cook, 2009). In the case of
Phyllis, she holds pessimistic thoughts about her condition and
life in general. For example, she has a negative attitude towards
her exercise routine and no longer goes to play bridge with her
friends. Furthermore, her thoughts about the prospects of death
are making her very pessimistic. This type of attitude can have
detrimental effects on the treatment she receives.
Phyllis’s Views of Her Situation
From the case scenario, it is apparent that Aunt Phyllis views
her cancer as a threat rather than as a challenge. This is because
she has not accept her condition as a natural part of life (Usta,
2012). She shows no interest in seeking alternative solutions to
her problem but rather accepts it and lets the cancer overwhelm
her. Perceiving her cancer as a threat has prevented her from
getting professional advice on ways of coping with the
condition, which may help her prognosis become better.
The Value of Social Support
The presence or absence of social support can remarkably affect
the treatment outcomes of patients. According to Usta (2012),
social support plays a critical role in improving health and
reducing the pressures associated with illness. Both informal

and formal networks such as good relationships with family,
relatives and friends assist patients to accept their conditions
and facilitate psychological adjustment. Social support provides
the individual with ongoing cognitive, informational, emotional
and material support essential for overcoming stressful
experiences. This is critical for good psychological functioning
particularly during treatment and diagnosis, as many patients
have a strong need for reassurance (Garssen, 2004).
In the case of Phyllis, the lack of social support is shown to
have detrimental effects on her ability to cope with the
condition. Since the death of her husband, Phyllis has isolated
herself to a large degree and has no interest in making new
friends or interacting with other people. Furthermore, she has
joined any social support group, which could assist her to
coping with the condition better. The lack of social support
increases her anxiety and may eventually subject her to
depression (Given, 2003).
As stated by Usta (2012), the lack of a stable social support
network can affect disease progression. Without establishing a
supportive support network, Phyllis’s cancer might advance
more rapidly and lead to deterioration of her condition. Social
supports show the individuals that other people care about them
and value them. It is worth noting that a diagnosis of cancer
leads to diminished feelings of control, a sense of personal
inadequacy, a sense of confusion as well as increased feelings
of vulnerability (Given, 2003). Emotional, instrumental, and
informational social support interactions can inevitably help
Phyllis to cope with the bad feelings that might arise after the
diagnosis of cancer. A strong network can also aid in increasing
her self-efficacy and self-esteem, which can eventually motivate
her to seek the appropriate care and lead a satisfying life.
How Phyllis Can Thrive More Fully
Phyllis can take various measures in order to thrive more fully
in her current situation. She can start by renewing her social
support network in order to find help and identify the best ways

of dealing with her condition. In addition, Phyllis can engage in
periodic physical activity in order to improve her prospects of
leading a better and healthier life (Garssen, 2004). Having
accurate information regarding her condition can have positive
effects for cancer patients like Phyllis because such information
can enable her to make informed decisions.
Evidence-Based Interventions
One of the evidence-based interventions for breast cancer is
using psychotherapeutic techniques. These include individual
therapy, family therapy and group therapy. Given (2003) asserts
that the therapies serve various purposes including reducing the
patient’s sense of emotional isolation, normalizing the patient’s
feeling with regard to stresses brought on by illness and
treatment as well as strengthening the patient’s defenses, which
enhances coping. In the psychotherapeutic interventions, the
therapist works closely with the patient and family members to
teach them ways of overcoming and dealing with their
conditions (Given, 2003).
Another proven evidence-based intervention is the use of
complementary therapies to supplement conventional medical
treatments. Some of these complementary therapies include
acupuncture, massage, yoga and homeopathy (Given, 2003).
These complementary treatments can aid in lessening the side
effects of chemotherapy and radiation. The other evidence-
based intervention that can help cancer patients to cope with
their condition is psychopharmacological interventions. This
includes the use of antidepressants, antipsychotics and
benzodiazepines in the treatment and management of cancer.
Garssen (2004) acknowledges that these drugs play critical roles
such as sleep enhancement in addition to treating anxiety and
depression among cancer patients. However, the choice of
medication might vary from patient to patient depending on
various factors such as potential drug interactions, routes of
administration and side effects (Given, 2003).
The Role Phyllis’s Attitude on her Condition and How

Positivity, Hardiness and Optimism May Help
Phyllis’s attitudes play a significant role in her disease
progression. Having maladaptive thoughts about the breast
cancer significantly affects how she perceives the illness and in
the long-term, it interferes with her ability to accept and cope
with the condition. The pessimistic attitude can also lead to
increased stress levels, which can compromise her immune
system and have detrimental effects on her physical and mental
health. In addition, the self-destructive thoughts can prevent her
from seeking appropriate professional care.
Nevertheless, it is worth noting that positivity, hardiness and
optimism can significantly aid Phyllis to cope with her breast
cancer. Seeing the problem as a challenge rather than a threat
can help her to stop avoiding the problem and find appropriate
help for her condition. According to Matthews & Cook (2009),
hardy and optimistic patients are in a better position to mobilize
their resources in order to deal with the problem holistically and
pursue possibilities for realizing successful outcomes. Rather
than harboring feelings of helplessness, hardy and optimistic
cancer patients are likely to demonstrate control through
becoming active participants in decision-making about the type
of treatment interventions they will seek. The patient will also
gain control via learning meditation and relaxation techniques
that aid to alleviate treatment anxiety and minimize some
potential side effects of chemotherapy including nausea
(Matthews & Cook, 2009). Positivity, hardiness and optimism
will also prevent Phyllis from isolating or withdrawing herself
from others. As such, she will be able to maintain healthy
relationships with others and seek for help whenever she needs
it.
Conclusion
Attitude and social support are two factors that can have
significant ramifications on how patients are able to cope with
their conditions. In the case of Aunt Phyllis, her negative

attitude and lack of a stable social support network can have
detrimental effects on the progression of the cancer. This is
because she views her condition as a threat rather than a
challenge and does not exhibit the elements of positivity,
hardiness and optimism, all of which are crucial for leading a
better life and coping well with breast cancer. Social support
can significantly help her to understand that people love and
value her and she can get important information to help her deal
with the condition. By eliminating maladaptive thoughts and
maintaining a positive attitude can aid Phyllis to thrive more
fully in her current situation. Some evidence-based
interventions that can also help her to cope well with the
condition include psychotherapeutic techniques such as
individual therapy, family therapy and group therapy,
complementary therapies and psychopharmacological
interventions. In addition, positivity, hardiness and optimism
can help Phyllis to exhibit positive thoughts and seek help for
her condition.
References
Garssen, B. (2004). Psychological factors and cancer
development: Evidence after 30 years of research. Clinical
Psychology Review, 24, 315–338. Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/5238605/Psychological_factors_and_c
ancer_development_Evidence_after_30_years_of_research
Given, C. W. (2003). Evidence-Based Cancer Care and
Prevention: Behavioral Interventions. Boston, MA: Springer
Publishing Company.
Matthews, E. E., & Cook, P. F. (2009). Relationships among
optimism, well-being, self-transcendence, coping, and social
support in women during treatment for breast cancer. Psycho-
Oncology, 18 (7), 716-726. Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152259
Usta, Y. Y. (2012). Importance of Social Support in Cancer
Patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13, 3569-

3572. Retrieved from
http://www.apocpcontrol.org/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume13_N
o8/3569-72%201.20%20Yasemin%20Yldrm%20Usta.pdf
Complementary approach in behavioral health
PSYCH 628
November 24, 2014
Week 6 Team B presentation
1
introduction
Complementary Medicine
Validity of Research Designs
Range of Applicability
Applied Interventions to Disorders
“The term complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
refers to a range of health promoting interventions and
diagnostic therapies that may not part of any current Western
health care system, culture, or society” (Straub, 2012 p. 450).
CAM tries to prevent and treat numerous conditions with
techniques or measures such as healing touch, Chinese
medicine, acupuncture, mind-body therapies, chiropractic, and
naturopathic medicines. Complementary medicine is treatment
used by physicians or doctors along side his or her standard
care. One benefit is that many people who practice
complementary medicine take a "whole person," or holistic,

approach to treatment (Webmd, 2014). Most complementary and
alternative medicines work from three fundamental ideals: to
provide health treatment that is natural, that is holistic, and that
promotes wellness (Straub, 2012 p. 451). However, CAM is
used mostly by women than men presumably by those that are
educated and those with whom have been hospitalized during
the past year with complaints of back pain, anxiety or
depression, insomnia and headaches. Nearly 40 percent of
Americans, use health care approaches developed outside of
mainstream Western, or conventional, medicine for specific
conditions or overall well-being (NCCAM, NIH.gov, 2014).
This presentation will take a closer look at some of the
complementary medicines and what methods of complementary
medicines are used to treat various ailments. It will discuss the
validity of research designs utilized to support each procedure,
the range of applicability of each approach across various
illnesses, and how each would be apply to interventions to two
disorders.
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Acupuncture
Chinese Medicine
Energy theory
Illness Blocks Chi
Unbalances Chi
Acupuncture is a technique to which practitioners stimulate
specific points on the body, most often by inserting thin needles
through the skin (Viker et al. 2012). It was first practiced in
the Bronze Age in ancient China as an integrated method of
healing. Acupuncture has been shown to influence the flow of
one’s energy. Acupuncture is a form of Chinese Medicine that

has been around for centuries. The Chinese theory believes that
acupuncture helps ones chi or energy levels. There is a block or
an unbalance in one’s chi that the individual will have tiny little
needles that are placed into your skin that are in certain flow
points on your body. When one places these in these points the
needles influence the energy flow, placing heat, pressure and a
small mild electrical current when placing these needles in these
areas. Research results from a number of studies suggest that
acupuncture may help ease types of pain that are often chronic
such as low-back pain, neck pain, and osteoarthritis/knee pain
(Straub, 2012 p. 459). Acupuncture can also reduce the
frequency of tension headaches and prevent migraine headaches.
Additional research evidence that the effects of acupuncture on
pain are attributable to two components: the larger component
includes factors such as the patient’s belief that treatment will
be effective, as well as placebo and other context effects and
the smaller component involves such issues as the locations of
specific needling points or depth of needling.
3
Mind-body therapies
Hypnosis
Relaxation
Meditation
Spirituality
Prayer
Mind and body therapies are known as Cognitive, emotional and
spirituals factors that can influence one’s health. In the Mind
and body therapies the validity of these therapies are proven
with individuals who have tried these therapies. Hypnosis is one
of the psychological states that results from one persons who
helps another person who is experiencing pain. When the
hypnotist suggests the individual to focus all ones attention,
relaxation, expectation and role- playing in order to detach the

individual from their own surroundings and focus on what the
hypnotist is suggesting.
The relaxation and meditation helps one cope from many
different medical conditions. There are progressive muscle
relaxation and helps one learn about different muscles in seven
groups that are tense and then it will relax each of the different
groups. Meditation is a variety of different techniques and
practices that cause one to focus and control their attention to
changing the perception and thoughts towards one single object.
Mediation is a practice that influences the pain and tries to
prevent the pain by using different strategies.
Spirituality and prayer is something that the individual
themselves use in order to conduct spiritual healing. The
individual can perform this spiritual healing and prayer as
frequent as they want. There is a link between personal prayer,
meditation, and other spiritual and religious practices that can
increase the effectiveness of medical treatment.
4
Chiropractic
Adjustment
Adjusting Joints
Thrusting Movements that restrict Joints
According to Straub (2012), “Therapeutic manipulation of the
body dates from the beginning of recorded time” (p. 470).
Chiropractic is a health care profession that focuses on the
relationship between the body’s structure mainly the spine and
its functioning. Practitioners often use a variety of treatment
approaches, but they primarily perform adjustments
(manipulations) to the spine or other parts of the body with the

goal of correcting alignment problems, alleviating pain,
improving function, and supporting the body’s natural ability to
heal itself (NCCAM,NIH.gov 2014). Spinal
adjustment/manipulation is a core treatment in chiropractic
care, but it is not synonymous with chiropractic. Chiropractors
some times use other treatments in addition to spinal
manipulation such as electrical stimulation.
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Naturopathic Medicine
Diet
Natural Herbs
Naturopathic Medicine tries to prove the whole body healing to
its natural state. Detoxifying the body, following a simple diet
and healing powers of fresh air, sunlight, bathing in the hot
springs can help one return to their natural setting. There are
natural herbal medications that are used to help treat people
who have pain. People use Natural plants in order to treat
physical, mental, and behavioral conditions. Using a simple
diet and natural herbs in order to heal ones body and place it
back into its natural state.
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Range of applicability
For Acupuncture
Balance of Two Forces
Stimulates chemicals that cause pain
Restoration of Health to Body and Mind
Unblocks the Flow of Vital Energy

The theory of acupuncture is that the body maintains a delicate
balance of two opposing forces. Chinese cultures believe that
disease occurs when these forces are out of balance. This
imbalance is believed to block the flow of vital energy. This
energy regulates spiritual, emotional, mental and physical
balance. Acupuncture stimulates chemicals that transmit pain,
certain hormones and immune system molecules. Dr. Anthony
Komaroff of Harvard Medical School stated, “I can’t assess the
traditional Chinese theory behind acupuncture. That’s because I
don’t know how to measure “opposing forces” or “vital energy.”
If you can’t measure the central concepts of a theory, you can’t
test how valid the theory is”. Western medicine explains
acupuncture’s effects through a different theory; however, our
theories also are unproved. Dr. Komaroff also states, “ Even
though we don’t know how it works, I do believe that
acupuncture can be valuable, particularly in treating pain.
That’s because studies that meet Western scientific standards
have shown this to be true” ( Harvard School of Medicine,
2012).
7
Range of applicability For Mind-Body Therapies
Treats Full Spectrum of Medical Conditions
Commonly Used By Single Educated American Individuals
Mostly Useful in Psychiatric and Chronically Painful
Conditions
Documented to be helpful for most Medical Conditions

Mind-body therapies are treatments that are meant to help the
mind’s ability to affect the functions and symptoms of the body.
Mind-body therapies use various approaches, including
relaxation techniques, meditation, guided imagery, biofeedback,
and hypnosis. Relaxation techniques can help alleviate
discomfort related to chronic pain. Based on the National
Survey, 2004 data proves relaxation techniques, guided
imagery, hypnosis, and biofeedback are the most popular mind-
body therapies in the United States. It is reported that higher
educated single individuals between the ages 40 to 49 utilize the
mind-body technique. Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety
and depression are most commonly treated with mind and body
techniques. According to the survey, fewer than 20% of
individuals with chronic pain use mind-body techniques and
13% of people with insomnia use mind body techniques as well.
35-45% Americans stated that the technique is very useful
depending on whether the therapy is used with or without
professional visits ( NCBI, 2004).
8
Range of applicability for Chiropractic Methods
Restores and Preserves Health
Positive Lifestyle Changes After Treatment
Benefit in treatment for Several Conditions
Dr. Andrew Weil believes that chiropractic theory, stresses the
importance of the spine on general mind and body health, and
the accompanying manipulative techniques, may benefit in the
treatment of several conditions, particularly for back and neck
pain. A chiropractor who looks beyond the spine can be a useful
resource for restoring and preserving health. Feeling better is
the sign of successful treatment. Excellence in chiropractic
practice includes recommending lifestyle changes, including

home-based exercises, stress-reduction techniques and sound
dietary advice that may include the use of supplements. Tre
The Activator method has undergone clinical trials that
demonstrate its efficacy, in conjunction with some massage
therapy Dr. Weil has found these low-force treatments to be
reliable and safe, and recommends them to his patients,
particularly for use in the pediatric population and in the elderly
( Weil, 2014).
9
Range of applicability for Naturopathic Medicine
Effective for treating chronic conditions that don't respond to
conventional medicine
More than dispensing an herbal remedy or nutritional
supplement
Effective treatment requires patience and good communication
TheCenter for Spirituality & Healing and Charlson Meadows
(2013) “States that effective naturopathic treatment requires
patience and good communication”. Most patients know what is
wrong and what needs to be done, but they don't know how to
translate this into an action plan. The naturopathic physician
can translate the patient's story and assign priorities among the
several options that may emerge. They also take time to answer
the patient's questions.
According to the University of Minnesota, 2013 there are
randomized controlled trials that suggest that naturopathic
treatments, such as botanical medicine, nutritional therapies,
acupuncture, and physiotherapy are effective at treating some
conditions, such as fibromyalgia, migraine headaches,

depression, asthma, hypertension, and type II diabetes.
While randomized control trials are effective at testing single
treatments, they may not be the best paradigm to judge the use
of multiple treatments in patients with more than one disorder
or disease. For this reason and others, some scientists suggests
that an evidence-based approach should include not only
research evidence, but also clinic expertise and patient
preferences (Geyman, 1998). Riboflavin, a B vitamin, has been
proven in a randomized controlled trial to reduce the frequency
and duration of migraine headaches when used for three months.
Naturopathic physician have often use riboflavin as part of a
treatment plan, including other treatments based on clinical
expertise. These treatments may include the use of omega-3
fatty acids to decrease inflammation or an elimination diet to
identify possible food or chemical triggers. Individual patients
will have different triggers-for some it could be MSG, for
others it could be wheat. Noting individual responses is part of
taking patient preferences into consideration.
Naturopathic medicine is personalized medicine that does not
always lend itself to a strict adherence to treatments based on
randomized controlled trials alone. It is essential to test the
value of individual treatments, but the actual clinical
application is much more detailed. (And indeed the clinical
application of conventional healthcare follows a similar model:
according to a recent article in the British Medical Journal, only
13% of standard tests and treatments are supported by strong
evidence.) (University of Minnesota, TheCenter for Spirituality
& Healing and Charlson Meadows, 2013).
10
Interventions
Acupuncture:
Substance Abuse

Post-Stroke Speech
Mind-Body Therapies
Fibromyalgia
Cardiovascular Disease
(Bing, 2014)
“The goal of acupuncture treatment include reducing the
symptoms of withdrawal, including drug craving, keeping
abusers in treatment programs, and continued abstinence from
drug use” (Straub, 2014, p. 462). The treatment is given during
a group, the person is seated in a comfy chair with soft music
and low lighting (Straub, 2014). The environment is relaxing to
help the person relax during the acupuncture treatment. The
treatment is used to help people with substance abuse with
nicotine, alcohol, heroin, and cocaine (Straub, 2014). Research
studies indicate acupuncture can be used for post-stroke
patients. This treatment can help people who are having
difficulty with speech difficulties (Wang, Liu, Liu, Li, Hui, &
Gao, 2011). The studies indicate acupuncture and psychological
intervention combined with rehabilitation training may help a
post-stroke patient increase his or her speech (Wang, Liu, Liu,
Li, Hui, Gao, 2011).
Mind-body therapies can help with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia
is painful and many people cannot find relief from the muscle
pain. According to Straub (2014) “meditation makes the pain
more bearable” (p. 467). Mind-body therapy can help with
cardiovascular disease. People who suffer from cardiovascular

disease can find comfort from yoga, music therapy, and more
(Luskin, Newell. Griffith, Homes, Telles, Marvasti, Pelletier,
Haskell, 1998). Mind-body therapy is relaxing and can decrease
stress for people with certain disorders.
11
Interventions cont.
Chiropractic
Back pain
2. Neck Pain
(Bing, 2014)
Chiropractic doctors help people with neck and back pain, this
method is used but some results are inconsistent (Straub, 2014).
Further studies are needed to conclude for chiropractic studies
(MedPlus, 2014). People can have sub acute back pain (present
three months or less), back pain (flares up or chronic back
pain), and neck pain (MedPlus, 2014). Treatments begin on the
second visit with the chiropractic doctor (MedPlus, 2014). The
first visit the doctor obtains information about the patient to
help establish the best treatment plan (MedPlus, 2014). The
chiropractor will perform a procedure known as an “adjustment”
(MedPlus, 2014, p. 1). This helps relieve some of the pressure
and pain from the back for the person with back or neck pain.
12
Interventions cont.

Food Supplement Therapy
Dietary Medicine
(Bing, 2014)
Naturopathic medicines are food supplements used to help
promote healthy living. Food supplement therapy are vitamins
to help with certain deficiencies people may suffer. Some
deficiencies in calcium, folic acid, iron, magnesium, zinc,
vitamins, A, B6, C, D, and E (Straub, 2014). Folic Acid can
help with the immune system and is increased during pregnancy
to promote a healthy baby, Calcium is encouraged to help
promote healthy and strong bones (and teeth). Straub (2014)
refers to what people eat have an impact his or her health.
Some people have food allergies, which can cause mild to
severe problems for the person. According to Straub (2014)
“diets based on avoiding “trigger” foods such as sugar, wheat,
or dairy products are prescribed for many conditions, from
arthritis to chronic fatigue (Wheelwright, 2001)” (p. 476).
Foods can promote healthy heart and other organs but if the
person has food allergies he or she may have difficulty eating
certain foods. He or she may have to be on a certain diet or
vitamins (dietary supplement) to help promote a healthy living.
13
Conclusion
Complementary Medicine Approaches
Acupuncture
Mind-body Therapies
Chiropractic

When describing health approaches with non-mainstream roots,
people often use the words “alternative” and “complementary”.
Many Americans roughly 40 percent, use health care approaches
developed outside of mainstream Western, or conventional,
medicine for specific conditions or overall well-being.
Complementary generally refers to using a non-mainstream
approach together with conventional medicine and alternative
refers to using a non-mainstream approach in place of
conventional medicine (NCCAM, NIH.gov, 2014). According to
the 2007 HIS, several mind and body practices ranked among
the top complementary health approaches used by adults. The
mind and body practices most commonly used included
chiropractic, acupuncture, and naturopathy. Acupuncture is a
technique in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the
body by inserting thin needles through the skin. A number of
studies suggest that acupuncture may help to ease chronic pains
such as low-back pain, neck pain, headaches, and
osteoarthritis/knee pain. Mind-body therapies consist of
methods such as hypnosis, relaxation and meditation, and
spiritual healing and prayer (Straub, 2012 p. 464). Hypnosis
generally is used to treat pain. Relaxation and meditation have
been used to help patients cope with and recover from numerous
medical conditions. Naturopathy also called naturopathic
medicine is a medical system that has evolved from a
combination of traditional practices and health care approaches.
According to the 2007 National Health Interview Survey
(HNIS), about 8 percent of adults (more than 18 million) and
nearly 3 percent of children (more than 2 million) have received
chiropractic or osteopathic manipulation. Additionally, NHIS

cost data found that adults in the United States spent
approximately $11.9 billion out-of-pocket on visits to
complementary health practitioners (NCCAM, NIH.gov, 2014).
14
References
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(NCCAM) (2014). Complementary, alternative, or integrative
health: What’s in a name? Retrieved from
http://nccam.nih.gov/sites/nccam.nih.gov/files/CAM_Basics_W
hat_Are_CAIHA_07-15-2014.2.pdf
Webmd.com (2014). What is complementary medicine?
Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.com/balance/guide/complementary-
medicine-topic-overview
Straub, R. (2012). Health Psychology: A biopsychosocial
approach. Worth Publishers
Vikers, A., Cronin, A., Mashino, A. (2012). Acupuncture for
chronic pain: Individual patient data meta-analysis. Archives of
Internal Medicine. Retrieved from
http://nccam.nih.gov/research/results/spotlight/091012
Luskin, F.M., Newell, K.A., Griffith, M. Holmes, M. Telles, S.
Marvasti, F.F., Pelletier, K.R., & Haskell, W.L. (1998). A
review of mind-body therapies in the treatment of
cardiovascular Part I: Implications for the elderly altern Ther
Health Med 4(3) p. 46-61 . Retrieved from
http://www.ncbi.nlmnib.gov
Wang L., Liu, S..M., Liu, M. Li, B.J., Hui, Z.L., & Gao, X.
(2011). Post-Stroke speech disorder treated with acupuncture
and psychological intervention combined with rehabilitation
training: a randomized controlled trial. Zhonogguo Zhon Jui.
31(6) p.481-6
Dr. Anthony Komaroff, Harvard Medical School | In
Association with Harvard Health Publications, 2012. “Is

Acupuncture useful for Treating Pain”. NCBI National Survey,
2004 Retrieved from http://ww/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Weil Andrew, M.D., 2014 “Wellness Therapies”
Center for Spirituality & Healing and Charlson Meadows.
University of Minnesota, 2013
retrieved from: http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu
Clip art retrieved from Bing (2014).
15

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