Post-modernism developed as a reaction to modernism and is characterized by uncertainty and skepticism of absolute truths. It emphasizes that truth is dependent on context and open to interpretation rather than being objective. Post-modernist works often employ techniques like bricolage, where existing materials and ideas are combined in new ways, and intertextuality, where works reference and build upon previous works. They also explore concepts like simulacra, where reality blends with representations of reality, and hybridity, where high and low cultures intersect to create new meanings. Music videos exemplify post-modernist techniques through their intense editing, imagery, and references to other works.

1. What is post-modernism?
What is modernism?
Modernism can be seen to be
the philosophical movement,
abstract art, religious belief
ext. (Make it new)
What is post- modernism?
As the world is evolving, it is understood that
post- modernism is the past era but making it
new. (New movement, progress and growth
emphasised, cyclical return to previous styles
and new contextual meaning through
bricolage.
‘Truth is merely a concept’
- There is no right or wrong, only justification and
understanding
-Propaganda (also referred to as taste), factors regarding
truth
-Sense of reality dominated by media ranges
- Mediation, media reality is new reality (‘Truth’)
- Truth claims by images which can be problematic
What is Bricolage?
- The term bricolage is used to describe a
work that is made from combining existing
materials, independent of their original
purpose. It is an idea of putting an idea with
another to create something new
(Iconography).
What is hall of mirrors/ paradoxical?
- This is where there is a mirror illusion where
the audience can see a story in a story in a story
and so on, almost looking endless.
What is Hierarchies of taste?
- Exploring relationships between high culture
and low culture to create a new meaning
What is Self-conscious?
- The feeling of unwarranted in ones actions,
appearance and oneself in general.
What is Deconstruction?
- To pick a part of media to find out more
about something and analyse when then
stating the purpose of a product can become
easier.
What is Subversive?
- Challenging the conventions of previous
media and anti-conformist in nature.
What is Hybridity?
- The view of culture blends, the blurred
boundary between the high culture and
popular culture.
Music video and post modernism
- The ‘three minute’ culture
-Attention spans for example having
intense editing such as fast editing,
intriguing and powerful imagery
-Lytoard, Buadrillard and Jameson
Relevant theory (Structures of feeling and
culture logic)
- Guy Debord
- Overly visual culture that pursers high
levels of stimulation.
What is Simulacra and simulation?
- Simulacra and simulation is the blurred
boundary between the real life and the
imaginary.
-It is also the definition reality forms through
the representations of images
-The real world and the media world combined
(Meta conceptual/ hyper reality) or collapsing
- Deals with the uncertainty of opposites and
artifice and authenticity.
What is causality?
-Causality is many stories which have
influenced each other where they may cause
an effect in the structure from an effect. It is
simply the principle that everything has a
cause.
What are Meta-narratives?
-Stories which are have a disorderly narrative
structure and follows causality and linearity
(Avant-grade movements normally used).
‘The zenith of cultural production’
The idea of zenith of cultural production is that cultural goes into
itself it is the belief that everything gas been made, therefore
culture culture must remake itself as an abstract and a cyclical
forms of self-reference.
-Many artistic products are highly influenced by parodies, homage
and intertextuality of other films/ music videos
-anything and everything can be seen as art
- an alienated society persona and characters are reflected on
artists such as Ie. Madonna, Michael Jackson, David Bowie as the
pursuit for identity subverts conventions.