Reading Strategies to use before, during, and after you read. +

1. Reading Strategies:
Before, During, and After Reading

2. Reading is a Process
Because reading is a process, there are strategies that can
be implemented before, during, and after reading to
ensure that you comprehend the material.
By preparing yourself before you begin to read, the reading process
becomes easier and more meaningful. During your reading, you can
use effective strategies to help make sense of what you’re reading.
After you are done reading, reflect on what the reading was about
through talking, writing, or drawing.

3. Predicting: a before reading strategy
Real World Example
Before reading the next section in
your science textbook, predict what
it will be about.
Clues:
* Read the chapter and section titles
*Look at the pictures, headings, and
captions
* Recall what you already know
* Remember what you learned in the
last section
Before you begin to read, predict what the text will be about.
Predicting what will happen may help you to find meaning in the text.
When predicting a nonfiction
text, use your prior knowledge
on the topic.
Ask yourself: What do I
think this is going to be about?

4. Why Am I Reading This? a before reading strategy
consider the purpose for reading the text
There IS a reason. Aside from the
fact that you are striving for a good
grade, you are probably reading that
text for at least one of these
reasons:
(and yes, they are good ones)
*You are learning a valuable life skill.
As in, you’ll use it forever.
* You are reading for fun. You go
girl! Or, atta boy!
* You are following a list of
instructions in order to accomplish a
task, build or create something, or to
make a decision.
* To gain important knowledge.
How is the text relevant to real life?
Connect the purpose for reading the text to the
information found in it.
Real World Example
You’re reading an article on weather patterns.
You want to find out more about hurricanes,
specifically. Keeping in mind your
purpose for reading the article, you
can skip past the section on droughts and focus your
attention on hurricanes. What do you want to know
about hurricanes? Should you pay close attention to the
section on history of hurricanes or hurricane season?
Always keep in mind the purpose.

5. Activating Prior Knowledge: a before reading strategy
Ask yourself: What do I already know about this topic?
to activate your
prior knowledge:
brainstorm
group discussion
concept mapping
visual aids
advance organizers
What YOU bring to the text will affect how you understand what you read.
Share your experiences with peers
and gain new background
information from their experiences.
Participate in activities that
awaken and connect the
knowledge that you already
have to the text that you are
reading. Activating your prior
knowledge before you begin
to read will prepare you to
read and learn new
information.

6. By building your
vocabulary skills,
you also
increase your
reading fluency
and
comprehension.
Vocabulary Review: a before reading strategy
A Tool For pre-reading vocabulary review:
semantic maps
A semantic map is a visual
representation of vocabulary that
helps to establish relationships among
new and old words. Semantic maps
help to organize information.
Go over unfamiliar key words necessary to understand the text.
Learn new words found
in the text before
reading the text- this
will improve your
overall understanding
of what you read.

7. KWL Chart: a before reading strategy
what you KNOW, WANT to know, and what you LEARNED
KWL Charts are especially helpful when
dealing with nonfiction text. They help you
to push past your comfort zone in order to
learn new material.
Real World Example
Before reading about the
Revolutionary War, fill out
the “Know” and “Want to
know” sections of your
KWL chart. Then read the
text on the Revolutionary
War. Did you learn
everything that you
wanted to know? If not,
plan for further
investigation.
Research shows that a KWL
Chart is an effective combination
of different tools that works well
to engage students of all
different ability levels. Because
students are able to control the
text that is entered into the
graphic, this strategy appeals to
visual learners.

8. Visualize: a during reading strategy
Use the descriptive details from the text to create mental pictures in your head.
Mental Movie
Add images from your
own experiences to make
reading three
dimensional. This helps
you to make your
reading personal and
memorable. As you
continue to read, adapt
your mental images as
needed.
Research shows that proficient readers create mental
images purposefully and spontaneously during reading.
This helps readers to recall details and draw
conclusions about the reading.
Real World Example
As you read about metamorphosis,
use your experiences from the
encounters that you have in nature
to form images in your head as you
read. You can picture a caterpillar
and a butterfly, and maybe even a
cocoon. Picture the process of
metamorphosis as you read about
the different phases- this will help
you to recall the information later.

9. Questioning: a during reading strategy
Form questions about the text as you are reading.
Ask Yourself: What is
the author not telling
me? What more do I
want to know about
that?
By questioning
the text that
you are
reading, you
deepen your
understanding
of it. Pay close
attention to the
different types
of questions
the teacher has
modeled for
you.
Metacognitive Questions
What did you think about as you read this
section?
Were there any parts that were hard to
understand?
Were there any hard words in this section?
What do you predict will happen next and
why?
What does the author want us to know about?

10. Inferring:a during reading strategy
Reading between the lines
Draw conclusions based on clues from the story and
your own knowledge. Use context clues, picture
clues, etc. As you get further into the reading, revise
your inferences.
Real World Example
You read a story about two children who are having a hard time transporting firewood back
to their home from the forest during the early 1800s. One of the questions that follows the
reading asks you whether the children were able to use a car to transport the wood. The
story mentions nothing about a car, but you can infer that the children did not use a car
because the story is based in the early 1800s- before the invention of the automobile.
* make predictions
* draw conclusions
* find meanings of
unknown words

11. Determining Importance: a during reading strategy
You are bombarded with new
information daily. Therefore, as you are
reading a text, you will need to decide
which information is relevant and
important, and which is unimportant.
Knowing your purpose for reading the
text will help.
Ask yourself: What in this text matters most?
What matters to me?
One thing that we should notice…
I want to remember…
It’s interesting that...

12. Make Connections:a during reading strategy
As you read, make connections between ideas, concepts, and characters in the text.
Make personal connections using your prior
knowledge
Make connections between different texts
Make connections between text and the world
As you are connecting, you are thinking, which makes you more engaged in the reading experience.
Ask Yourself:
What does this story remind me of?
Can I relate to the characters in the
story? Does this remind me of
another book that I have read?
How is this text different from other
things I have read?
How are the events in this story
similar to what is happening in the
real world?

13. Summarizing:an after reading strategy
to summarize nonfiction:
recall the
main idea, supporting details,
concrete events in sequence,
explanation of events,
inferences
summary: a brief account giving the main points of something
After reading, give a summary of the
text. This helps you to retain the
information in your long memory,
while letting the teacher know that
you understood what you read.
“This essay is about…”
“This author writes about…”
“This book is the story of…”

14. Review: an after reading strategy
Think about what you’ve read and review questions and predictions.
Discuss what you have read.
Ask questions.
Look back in the book.
Reread if needed.

15. Graphic Organizer: an after reading strategy
Create a graphic arrangement of ideas to visualize information from the text.
Connect major
ideas to supporting
ideas and details
with systematic
arrangement of
lines, shapes, and
arrows.
Graphic organizers
allow you to visualize
how ideas fit
together.

16. Retell: an after reading strategy
By retelling the story, you can monitor how much you remember.
Try to recall the story in your own words. Give details about the character, setting, plot,
dialogue, or information.
INCLUDE
when and where the story takes place
character names and problems
how do other characters relate
important events
sequence events
solutions to problems
your own feelings and reactions

17. Present: an after reading strategy
Tell someone or write what happened in the story. Include
characters, plot, and important events.
This can act as a
form of
assessment,
whether it is
informal or formal.
Write about
what you
read,
explaining
what it
made you
think of or
what you
learned.
Discuss as a
class the main
events and
characters in the
book. Who were
your favorite
characters? How
did you feel
when…?
Fill out a sequence
of events chart to
ensure your
understanding of
the book. Draw an
illustration of a
scene in the book.

18. Sources
Information:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/predict
http://udleditions.cast.org/strategy_predict.html
http://www.studygs.net/shared/reading.htm
http://specialed.about.com/od/readingliteracy/a/prior-knowledge-comprehension.htm
https://www.teachervision.com/skill-builder/reading-comprehension/48540.html
http://www.readinghorizons.com/blog/post/2010/08/23/reading-strategies-that-work-for-struggling-readers-kwl-charts.aspx
http://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/comprehension_strategies.html#visualizing
http://www.readwritethink.org/professional-development/strategy-guides/making-connections-30659.html
http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/lessonplans/profbooks/strategies.htm
Textbook
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