Novels and short stories aren’t journalism, although they may be placed inside journalism structures
All of 1st five are traditional. #1 usually most expensive; #3 least expensive and least ethical. #4 most troublesome – lack of control, consistency
#3 a recent addition. For small operations, this can be very low-cost today, but at high end it’s expensive to maintain servers, updates, etc. Flip of tradition where production costs were highest share for low volume.
Purchase per-use tends to generate more income, but be less useful to advertisers; subscribers are subsidized to be sold. One-time donations make it hard to plan.
Vanity: I want a mouthpiece because I want to be heard personally. Jeff Bezos, Amazon-Washington Post. Commercial: Airline magazines. Civic: Philadelphia experiment. Organizational: NPPA magazine.
Display – ads that confront you in the midst of editorial; classified – ads that users seek out. “Purchase” ads’ impact can be directly measured; “brand” ads more about reaching the right folks.
Branded: Tote bags, mugs. Content: To wires, photos. Recommendations: Amazon. Special access: to newsmakers or reporters.