1. The document discusses several theories of motivation and cognition including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-serving bias, availability heuristic, classical conditioning, and operant conditioning. 2. For each theory, examples from the author's own experiences are provided such as studying hard for a phone or passing a driving test on the second try. 3. Key concepts are explained concisely for each theory along with real world examples from the author's life experiences.

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
THE DESIGN SCHOOL
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD ENVIRONMENT
(FNBE) AUGUST 2014 INTAKE
NAME: NGO JIA HAUR
STUDENTID NO: 0320144
Group/Session:Monday 4pm
Subject and Course:Social Psychology (PSYC0103)
Assignment 1 – Individual Journal
SUBMISSION DATE:27/4/ 2015

2. Motivation
Motivation is an internal process makes a person toward a goal and
causing us to act. Motivation included intrinsic motivation and extrinsic
motivation.
Intrinsic motivation means we taking certain action just for enjoyment
without any rewards from other. For me, I love to play music instrument even if
without any rewards from my parents or other, because I’m play it just for fun
and enjoyment.
Extrinsic motivation is the opposite. Extrinsic motivation means we
taking certain action for rewards, promised to other and to avoid punishment.
Example, we work for salary, we study hard to score high marks in exam and
avoid fail or retake. For my experience, when I were 17 years old, daddy
promised me he with buy a new phone as a reward for me if I score more than 5
A’s in SPM. The reward is the motivation for me to study, so I study hard
everyday to achieve the promise. Finally I get a new smart phone because I
achieved the promise with my dad.

3. Self-serving Bias
Self-serving bias refers to our tendency to take personal credit for success
while blaming outside sources for our failures. There two attribution in self-
serving bias, which is internal attribution and external attribution. For example,
when we score high marks in an exam, we will rewards ourselves for being
hardworking person. So we make an internal attribution for positive outcome. If
we fail the exam, we will blame outside sources for our failure like we blaming
teacher didn’t teach us as well, lecturer didn’t present clearly during a lecture, or
the subject is too difficult. So we make an external attribution for negative
outcome.
For my experience, I had failed the driving text last year. I don’t realize
my own false but blame the driving examination officer was too strict, and the
tutor didn’t teach me as well during tutorial, and I even blame the car got
problem. I retake the driving test again two weeks later and I passed it, I
rewarded myself only. So this is the theory of self-serving bias.

4. The Availability Heuristic
The availability heuristic means a cognition heuristic or mental
shortcut depend on something you seen or already accessed in your memory,
which can allow us to make decisions or judgments easy and quickly. Our brain
will automatically use the fastest and more efficiency method to speed solving
the problem base on the cognition from early events. For example, if you always
having meal in the same restaurant everyday, you noticed that set A is much
delicious than set B. Over time, when your friend ask you which set of meal is
delicious in the restaurant, you will automatically decide the set A is better,
because you noticed and already access Set A is better compare to set B in your
memory.
From my experience, there were several air disaster happened last year
such as missing plane of MH370, MH17 airplane shoot down, Air Algeria 5017
Crashed and Air Asia QZ8501 crashed into the Java Sea. After seeing these
several news reports, my parents felt that board the airplane is very dangerous.
So they canceled all the trips. I ask my parents for permission to travel to
Sarawak with my friends last month but they rejected due to the incidents
happened which is those air disaster. So this is the theory of availability heuristic.

5. Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning means when two stimuli are paired together to
produce the same response in a human or animal. For example, when you are
watching television or do something, suddenly your mom shout your name
loudly and sound like not a good think. Than she start to scold or nagging you
why you didn’t help her for housework. This is the first stimuli. Over time, you
will relate when mom shout your name loudly, means she will start to nagging
you again. The next day, your mom shout your name loudly and sound like not
good again without nagging and scolding this time, but you still will
automatically help her for housework, because you think she will nagging you
again and you want to avoid it happen again.
For my experience, I’m adopted a dog names Jack, whenever my dad and
mom get home and open the garage door and making a sound throughout the
house. Over time, Jack had related the sound of the garage opening with their
arrival. So Jack will run to the door and ready to greet them excitedly. The next
day, I’m open the garage but nobody is coming back but Jack still repeated the
same action when Jack heard the sound of garage opening. So this is the theory of
classical conditioning.

6. Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning is a learning of using the method of rewards,
positive or negative reinforcement, positive or negative punishment to
strengthen or weaken a particular behavior.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a particular behavior
strengthens or increases in the hope of experiencing a positive action or
behavior. I was experienced when I was child. I do revision and study two
hours with rewards two hours TV time. Second, I help my mom clean the
living room, than mom rewarded me with candy.
Negative reinforcement is a particular behavior strengthens or
increases in the hope that a negative consequence can be avoided. This
always happen in my life. For my experience, my mom scolded me when
she saw my messy room, the scolding became a negative stimulus. So I
started to clean my room to avoid scolding from my mom.
Positive punishment is a particular behavior pattern decreases so
as to avoid dealing with something unpleasant after. For my experience,
when I was studying in secondary school. I always talking with my friends
when teacher were teaching. Then I was made to sit separately with my
friend to avoid us talking during class.
Negative punishment is a particular behavior pattern decreases so
that a positive stimulus or object is not taken away or removed. It also
always happen in my life. For my experience, I failed my English exam
when I was standard, my mom didn’t allow me hang out with my friends
and confiscated my PS 2 video game as the punishment. So this is the
theory of operant conditioning.