Cellular Respiration Lab Report

Cellular Respiration Lab Report
Esther Trevino
November 23rd, 2017
College Biology
The plant goes through many metabolic activities. With out these activities plants would not be able
to grow, reproduce, or give off basic human needs. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are some of the
basic human needs that plants provide. There are three forms of activities; Photosynthesis,
Fermentation, and Cellular Respiration. Each have there own unique way of creating and acquiring
energy. There are many similarities among these processes, as well as many differences. The one
thing they all have in common is the power to keep human life and the plant development at an
optimal level. Let's explore these metabolic activities, let us see the similarities and the profound
differences that they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each activity happens in their own part of the cell. Photosynthesis accuser in the chloroplast while
Cellular Respiration accuser in mitochondria. Some might even produce the same product, but
channel them differently; Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration both synigthazise ATP`s and
hydrogen carriers, however they use it in two different ways. Some might even be very similar in
process, the only difference is the presence or absence of oxygen; Fermentation is similar to
photosynthesis in the fact that it drives ATP Synthesis, however is differs from cellular respiration
because it is an anaerobic process. Some might even have similar characteristics, while other have
not trace of that similarity; both Fermentation and Cellular respiration have glycolysis, while
Photosynthesis does
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The Importance of Photosynthesis and What It Does for Life
The Importance of Photosynthesis and What it Does for Life Life according to scientists is "the
condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, including the capacity for
growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continual change preceding death, also the way of life
of a human being or animal."("Life,") In order for one to have life, one must have the nine
characteristics to be considered a living thing. These nine characteristics are; all living things are
made up of cells, living things are able to reproduce, living thing use energy, maintain homeostasis,
respond and adapt to the environment, grow and develop, have a life span, evolve over time, and are
interdependence. All of the nine characteristics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Photosynthesis," 2000) This process can be represented by and equation:
6CO2+12H2O–––––––––6(CH2O) +6H2O+6O2 in this equation, (CH2O) represents
carbohydrate. The overall equation shows that photosynthesis involves oxidation–reduction (redox)
and the movement of electrons from one molecule to another. (Mader, 2013)
The Importance of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is extremely important to life because it provide oxygen. Thirty percent of the
oxygen that we use is produced by terrestrial plants, and the remaining seventy percent produced by
single–celled algae and marine plants. ("Importance of photosynthesis," 2000)
However, even though photosynthesis is extremely important human beings continually destroy
plants on land by polluting the land with horrible toxins from factories and garbage. To know that
every day the main resource of our life is being destroyed is heartbreaking, because the more we
pollute the earth the less oxygen that we will have over time. In order for living things reproduce
they need photosynthesis. In order for humans and animals to reproduce they need the nutrition
from plants to keep their bodies and babies healthy and medication during pregnancy and to give
birth. In order for a plant to reproduce it must use the solar energy from the sun that is stored to
reproduce another plant. For example, plants uses the solar energy to

The Influence of Light on Photosynthesis
The influence of light on Photosynthesis
Table of contents
Front page and table of contents Page 1
Introduction
Page 2
Review of literature Page 3 and 4
Methodology and presentation of findings Page 5 and 6
Procession of findings Page 7
Conclusion
Page 8
Introduction
In this project I believe the outcome will be that light energy is essential for photosynthesis to occur.
The aim was to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of
converting light energy into chemical potential energy and storing it as starch. This process occurs
in plants and some algae. Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. The process of
photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Photosynthetic Efficiency
The production of sugars happens when energy from captured light is used in particular pathways.
Scientists know these pathways and can therefore work out how efficient photosynthesis is in
producing sugars. Scientists know that for a leaf to process two molecules of NADP+ into two
molecules of NADPH, which in turn will create one hexose molecule, it must absorbs 8 photons of
light.
Complicated mathematical equations show that photosynthesis is, on average, 30% efficient at
reducing carbon dioxide to hexose. Photosynthesis has been measured at 25% efficiency in
laboratory conditions. The plant measured to be the most efficient at photosynthesis in natural
conditions (8%) was the winter–evening primrose and sugarcane has shown 7% efficiency. Farming
food crops photosynthesis at a rate of between 1 and 4%, as does algae.
This information was taken off a physics website and didn't help me during my experiment. I had
already found out a lot about photosynthesis and how light affect it which was the point of this
investigation. What this information did do was reassure me that photosynthesis is an efficient
process. It also showed me how conditions can change the rate of photosynthesis and from this I
knew it was likely my experiment would be a success. http://hyperphysics.phy–
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/ligabs.html Methadology and presentation of findings

Method
1. Cover a portion of a leaf with tinfoil to exclude

Photosynthesis Lab Report
Photosynthesis models the Law of Conservation of Matter and the Law of Conservation of Energy
in very critical ways. It takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and gives back oxygen and
conserves the gasses. Plants also provide chemical energy from the glucose they create during
photosynthesis while they receive radiant energy, along with another energy.
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction with the starting substances, carbon dioxide and water, and the
chemical reaction begins when sunlight, radiant energy, is beaming on the plant. The plant has
absorbed the carbon dioxide through it's leaves from the atmosphere and it absorbs the water
through it's roots after it came down from the clouds. Photosynthesis not only makes products after
the reaction but the plant creates food for itself during the process. The ending products, glucose and
oxygen, both have different purposes to the world. Glucose is a type of sugar that provides chemical
energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In our second text, we learned that van Helmont had discovered an example of Conservation of
Matter in photosynthesis. He had discovered after leaving a tree in a measured pot of soil after 5
years, the weight of the tree had grown on a huge scale, but the soil had not decreased whatsoever.
Van Helmont had thought it was liquids at first but it had actually been the gasses in the air. Another
example of the Conservation of Matter is how the carbon dioxide is taken from the atmosphere and
then the oxygen is given back after photosynthesis. The conservation of Energy is when one energy
gets transferred into another energy, the energy is never destroyed or created. This is how
photosynthesis starts out with radiant energy. It uses the sun, radiant energy, to create glucose, a
source of chemical energy. After glucose is consumed, that creates mechanical energy, or

Ap Biology Lab Report
Bella Brooks Slaughter Biology 350 Marking Period #3 PS and Resp. Lab Assessment 1. Explain
why respiration was measured in germinating seeds in one lab while photosynthesis was measured
using leaf disks in another. Why not the reverse? Respiration was measured in germinating seeds in
the Pea Lab because in germinating peas there is a high rate of cell respiration as the pea is still
growing and needs to consume oxygen to continue growing. Pea plant cells rely on the process of
cellular respiration to supply them with the energy that they need to stay alive and grow during
germination. When the pea plants are grown the cells will still remove energy from sugar via
cellular respiration; however, the sugar for cellular respiration will come from the process of
photosynthesis instead of the stored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You may need to research these: a. What is the major transport polysaccharide in plants? Sucrose is
the major transport polysaccharide in plants. b. What is the major storage polysaccharide in plants?
Where would these storage molecules be found in abundance and how would they get there? You
must elaborate on this last question! The major storage polysaccharide in plants is starch. These
molecules would be found in abundance in the stroma in the plant tubers where it is found as
granules. Glucose is stored mainly in the form of starch granules, in plastids like chloroplasts and
amyloplasts. Plant starch starts out as glucose, but glucose is very hard for plants to store, so it is
converted to starch through polymerization. Amyoplasts turn the glucose into starch and move it to
the stroma, and in tubers the stroma is a place to store the food (starch), and when plants need the
energy in the starch, it converts the starch back into glucose. 6. Yeast Respiration Lab a. When we
tested yeast, we were testing them under aerobic conditions. What were the PRODUCTS given off
by the yeast in this lab? Which of these products did we collect data

Photosynthesis is defined as a process in which oxygen and glucose are produced from a reaction
with the following: carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy, such as sunlight. This process occurs in
plant cells in their chloroplasts. Within those chloroplasts are small sacs known as thylakoids. These
are located in the stroma of the cell, which is composed of a thick fluid (Urry et al. 2013). The
thylakoid membrane is the location of energy absorption. This is also the location of pigments,
which create a place for photosynthesis to occur. During photosynthesis there are two reactions: the
light reaction and the dark reaction. Photosynthesis depends on both of these reactions because the
byproducts from the light reaction are used in the dark reaction (Carter 2014). The opposite is true
as well. In a light reaction, chemical energy is created from solar energy. To do this, light passes
through the thylakoid membrane. Light then comes in contact with the pigments, which allow for
photosynthesis (Carter 2014). Oxygen is the main product of this reaction; however, there are other
products as well. Once the chlorophyll has absorbed the light, electrons, from the separation of
water molecules, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, C3 plants prefer hot, desert–like conditions. To accommodate this, they have to keep
their stomata closed, in order to prevent water loss and secure carbon dioxide and oxygen within
specific plant structures (Urry et al. 2013). C3 plants also partake in photorespiration. This is a
process which is opposite of photosynthesis because carbon dioxide is a product and oxygen and
ATP are reactants (Urry et al. 2013). Additionally, no glucose is produced from this process (Urry et
al. 2013). Another example of a plant that prefers hot, desert–like conditions is the C4 plant. Despite
their partially sealed stomata, they still produce glucose (Urry et al.

How Does Wavelength Affect The Rate Of Photosynthesis
Aim:
This report will aim to investigate the influence of wavelength on the rate of photosynthesis. The
effect of different coloured light will also be explored through the rate of photosynthesis. The report
will also determine the colour of light that produces the highest rate of photosynthesis.
Introduction:
The process in which plants, algae and some bacteria use energy form sunlight to produce glucose
from carbon dioxide and water is Photosynthesis. Oxygen is also formed as rate of photosynthesis.
The faster the rate of photosynthesis, the more glucose produced meaning that the plants gain
energy which enables a quicker and stronger growth. The different colours of the light also affect the
rate of photosynthesis, due to only certain colour being able to be absorbed, which depend on the
type of photosynthetic pigments in plants. Enabling the plants to be exposed to the colour filter
which provides the highest rate of photosynthesis, will allow the most effective growth. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Light is a form of energy which contains photons. Photons are particles that travel in wave like
motions. The length of the wave change under different light circumstances, meaning that different
light colours have different wave lengths. Red has the longest wavelength, whilst violet has the
shortest. The colours which are present, depend on the reflection of the visible light pigments.
Pigments prevent certain wavelengths of light from being reflected or transmitted, due to being
chemicals which absorb selective wavelengths. When these wavelengths are transmitted, colour is
produced. Photosynthesis pigments are present in chloroplasts which capture light energy necessary
for this process. These pigments absorb different types of wavelengths found in plants, commonly
Chlorophylls A and B. Chlorophyll absorbs light and transfers that light

The Process of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process undergone by plants consisting of a series of chemical reactions that
require four factors; water, carbon dioxide, radiant energy and temperature using chlorophyll
molecules to trap radiant energy from the sun resulting in the making of glucose and oxygen as bi–
products. The process of photosynthesis provides plants with the food and energy they need to grow.
Plants that produce their own food are called autotrophic plants. Not only do these plants make food
for themselves but they also serve as primary producers. Without photosynthesis the oxygen levels
in the atmosphere would not be replenished. The process of photosynthesis is divided into two main
parts. The first phase is the light dependent phase which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meaning the perfect balance between light/ dark and day/ night is needed in plants to ensure healthy
growth. Other factors affecting the process of photosynthesis in a plant need to be taken into
consideration as well. The plant needs to have the right water available, the right temperature
conditions and the right about of carbon dioxide present to ensure the correct results. To improve
this experiment I would have used a potted plant to ensure my plant wouldn't die during the
movement of the stem into the water as air bubbles could be made and the plant would die. I would
leave my plant for more than 48 hours to ensure the plant is properly de–starched. I would do the
experiment on two or more leaves so I would be able to compare results at the end of my second
starch test to ensure no human error occurred during the experiment. In conclusion the results have
shown that sunlight is a necessity for the process of photosynthesis to occur in a plant, proving my
hypothesis that light is a necessity for the process of photosynthesis to occur in a plant to be true.
hold the structure of the cell in place insuring to keep all of the sacs at a distance from each other
and maximising the efficiency of the organelle. The purpose of the chloroplast is to make sugars and
starches which is the food to the plant the animals that consume it. There are three types of

A Study on Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process in plants, algae, and some prokaryotes, that coverts solar insulation into
chemical energy stored in glucose or other organic compounds. Photosynthesis occurs in slightly
different ways in higher plants relative to photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynthesis is an important
process because it harnesses the sun's energy into utilizable forms of energy on earth. Most
biological organisms such as animals and fungi are unable to directly use light energy to power
biological processes such as active transport, cell division and muscle movement. ATP is used to
power these processes. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of
glucose and then the process of cellular respiration converts energy in glucose to energy in the form
of ATP which is ultimately used to power biological processes. The energy produced by
photosynthesis forms the foundation of virtually all terrestrial and aquatic food chains. As a result,
photosynthesis is the crucial source of carbon in the organic molecules found in most organisms.
The high oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is derived directly from the light reactions of
photosynthesis. Prior to the evolution of photosynthesis on earth, the atmosphere was absent of any
oxygen
The rate of photosynthesis is determined by environmental factors. Factors affecting photosynthetic
rates include light intensity, water availability, soil nutrient content, concentration of carbon dioxide
and temperature.

Photosynthesis Experiment With Spinach
Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use sunlight to create energy. Sunlight gets absorbed
into chlorophyll in the plant cells which then convert the light to energy. That energy helps with the
process of hydrolysis in breaking CO2 and water down. Through this breaking up, oxygen and
glucose are created. Photosynthesis has total of six stages, but those are broken up into two main
stages. The first stage is a light–dependent reaction, which is when the energy from the sunlight is
taken and then converted by the chlorophyll molecules into stored energy. This reaction takes place
in the thylakoid membranes in the granum within the chloroplast ("Light–Dependent"). In this
reaction, there is a transfer of electrons from water to CO2 which begins the creation of the
byproduct of oxygen. The sunlight gives a boost of energy to the chlorophyll which gets over the
activation barrier and makes the chlorophyll release an electron (Vidyasagar). Chlorophyll
molecules trap the light through pigments and absorb ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The test was to see if spinach leaves could go through a short photosynthesis cycle without CO2,
light, or both. This was done by using sodium bicarbonate and water to create CO2 in two of the
beakers. With two beakers with CO2 and two without CO2, the effect of CO2 on photosynthesis
could be observed. Because sunlight is important to photosynthesis, the other part of the experiment
was to observe the difference between the spinach disks when exposed to sunlight and the spinach
disks when exposed to only darkness. Because of the photosynthetic equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +
sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2, changing the light and the CO2 would impact the outcome of the
process. This would leave the leaves at the bottom of the beaker as they would not be able to float
up without the product of oxygen pushing them

Process of Photosynthesis Essay
Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light
energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules.
Photosynthesis powers almost all trophic chains and food webs on the Earth.
The net process of photosynthesis is described by the following equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
This equation simply means that carbon dioxide from the air and water combine in the presence of
sunlight to form sugars, oxygen is released as a by–product of this reaction.
Photosynthesis begins when light strikes Photosystem I pigments and excites their electrons. The
energy passes rapidly from molecule to molecule until it reaches a special ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Before it can function again, it must be replenished with new electrons. Photosystem II
accomplishes this task. As in Photosystem I, light energy activates electrons of the Photosystem II
pigments. These pigments transfer the energy of their excited electrons to a special Photosystem II
chlorophyll molecule, P680, that absorbs light best in the red region at 680 nanometers. Just as in
Photosystem I, energy is transferred among pigment molecules and is then directed to the P680
chlorophyll, where the energy is used to transfer electrons from P680 to its adjoining electron
acceptor molecule.
From the Photosystem II electron acceptor, the electrons are passed through a different electron
transport chain. As they pass along the cascade of electron carrier molecules, the electrons give up
some of their energy to fuel the production of ATP, formed by the addition of one phosphorus atom
to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Eventually, the electron transport carrier molecules deliver the
Photosystem II electrons to Photosystem I, which uses them to maintain the flow of electrons to
P700, thus restoring its function.
P680 in Photosystem II is now electron deficient because it has donated electrons to P700 in
Photosystem I. P680 electrons are replenished by the water that has been absorbed by the plant roots
and transported to the chloroplasts in the leaves. The movement of electrons in

Abstract: During photosynthesis plants take light energy and turn it into chemical energy. The
purpose of the study was to test the effect of various lighting conditions on the rate of
photosynthesis. In this experiment the rate of photosynthesis is measured by timing how long it
takes photosynthesis to occur in ten leaf disks that are in a solution of carbon dioxide. The
prediction for this experiment was that if a plant receives more light, then it will have a higher rate
of photosynthesis. The data supports the hypothesis, because the rate of photosynthesis is higher in
direct sunlight than in the shade. This experiment untimely lead to the conclusions that light and
carbon dioxide are necessary for photosynthesis to occur. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This light is then converted into a chemical energy by the chlorophyll and other pigments within the
plant. This energy is used for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, water molecules
split apart, releasing electrons and hydrogen ions and producing oxygen gas. These electrons and
hydrogen ions are then used to generate ATP and NADPH. Both ATP and NADPH are also used in
the light independent reaction, which is the second part of photosynthesis. This reaction occurs in
the stroma of the chloroplasts. In contrast to the light dependent reaction, this type of reaction can
occur without light. During the light independent reactions of photosynthesis ATP and NADPH are
required to form glucose. Adenosine triphosphate, often called ATP, is used to construct organic
molecules from carbon dioxide and water. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, often
called NADPH, reduces carbon dioxide and produces monosaccharides for use by the plant.
Materials & Methods:  Prepared solution containing 1.5 sodium bicarbonate in 300 ml water and 2
drops liquid soap  Large plastic syringe 20–65 ml with no needle  #3 cork borer with plungers 
Spinach Leaves  Two plastic cups  One glass beaker  Timer  Light source  Paper Towels 
Cover: Cup covered by foil  Mouse pad for cutting surface This experiment was performed using
the procedure from the Photosynthesis in Leaf Disks Lab. First using a #3

Compare And Contrast Solar Energy And Photosynthesis
In order to competently compare photosynthesis and semiconductor–based solar cell's production of
electricity i.e. solar cell electricity, they both must be defined. Photosynthesis is defined as, (Biology
Online, 2010) "The synthesis of complex organic material using carbon dioxide, water, inorganic
salts, and light energy (from sunlight) captured by light–absorbing pigments, such as chlorophyll
and other accessory pigments." According to Thomas gale, ( Thomas gale, 2006), solar cells create
electrical energy by converting sun light into electricity by using photovoltaic effect. These
processes are similar because they both require sun light, transform that sun light and both processes
are environmentally friendly. Photosynthesis and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They both use the sun for transformation. Photosynthesis transforms sun energy with the help of
water and CO2 into 02 and glucose. Solar cells transform using heat engines and photovoltaics but
still produce usable electricity. The last comparison is that they are both environmentally friendly
processes. It would seem obvious that photosynthesis which occur s naturally in nature would
benefit the environment but solar power energy generation is also helpful to the environment. (Solar
Electric Light Fund, 2007) Solar energy is a renewable and sustainability. It doesn't release harmful
chemicals into the environment like coal, oil and gas. While Photosynthesis and semiconductor–
based solar cell's production of electricity have many similarities they are also different on many
levels.
The first major difference between Photosynthesis and solar cell electricity is the way the processes
are conducted. Photosynthesis is a chemical breakdown of sunlight that occurs in two stages, the
light reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Solar cell electricity isn't a chemical process it is an electrical
process known as photovoltaic effect. In an article on Photovoltaic Systems Research &
Development described the photovoltaic effect. The light from the sun consist of photons––packets
of solar energy. Photons hold different amounts of energy. When photons strike a photovoltaic cell,
the photons may be absorbed, or pass right through. The photons that are

Experiment 1 (Assignment 3): The hypothesis above tested if light was not necessary for
photosynthesis to occur. Based upon the results, in experiment one the hypothesis was not supported
and that light is essential and important in the process. In the experiment, the exposed leaf to oxygen
showed the presence of scratch. With the shield leaf, with soda lime showed an absence of of starch.
This explains the reasoning, on the color change with Plant A because starch was present. Meaning,
without sunlight (the energy source) photosynthesis will not be able to occur due to the fact that
photosynthesis needs energy into order to begin the process. No light equals no sugars being
produced, which can be seen in the results. Plant B did not change ... Show more content on
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Based upon the results of experiment 6 the hypothesis was not supported because the rate of
photosynthesis did vary depending on the amount of light the plant received. In the experiment, the
plants placed into the dark was not allowed to undergo photosynthesis since carbon dioxide was not
released. But the plant that was placed into light conditions was allowed to undergo photosynthesis
and produce the final product which is carbon dioxide. This explains that if plants are put into
conditions that are darker than most, the plant will not be able to function properly and not go
through photosynthesis which is needed for the plants survival. Without the the production the
photosynthesis the plant will "starve" without the sugars and carbon dioxide that are produced.The
experiment above applies to biology because of the quantity of light needed for plant to go through
the process of photosynthesis. Biologist can use the data to interpret in what ways can animals
benefit from plants, which can further to why animals benefit and need the process of
photosynthesis (Gunstream,

Aerobic Respiration And Aerobic Respiration
Since the beginning of the world there has always been one question in common between people
around the planet. The question is: 'how did we come to existence?'. However, the answer is not
always the same because everyone has different believes, but according to science eukaryotes came
to existence because we evolved from prokaryotic cells. At the beginning of time, the only
inhabitants of earth were microbes. Aerobic cellular respiration and oxygenic photosynthesis both
play a big role in our evolution. Cellular respiration is a process that mostly takes place in the
mitochondria where cells break down food and turn in it into adenosine triphosphate(ATP), or in
more simpler terms, energy for the cell. Although cellular respiration can do either anaerobic or
aerobic cellular respiration processes, it is usually used to describe aerobic cellular respiration
because it actually was created as a synonym for aerobic respiration. Aerobic cellular respiration is
the process where oxygen is used to make energy molecules. Aerobic respiration creates a lot more
ATP molecules than in anaerobic respiration because anaerobic does not use oxygen as a reactant.
Aerobic cellular respiration goes through three steps, and they are: glycolysis, citric acid cycle
(Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis means separating sugars, and in that
process every glucose is turned into two pyruvate molecules. It then enters the mitochondria if it is a
eukaryotic cell and the pyruvate

Compare And Contrast The Process Of Cellular Respiration...
As far as we know, Earth is the only planet in our solar system that is able to sustain conditions
suitable for life because of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. But in past few
decades, the planet has been growing warmer due to the increase of greenhouse gases, specifically
carbon dioxide, due to the increase of unnatural amounts of carbon that are being released into the
atmosphere and can't be gotten rid of or put to good use by the carbon cycle (Global Warming,
2016). The carbon cycle is made up of the two different processes of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration. Photosynthesis, which is only done by plants, is the first process in the cycle. In this
process, carbon dioxide and water are taken as the reactants and made into the products of glucose
(sugar) and oxygen. The process is represented by the equation of 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂,
which translates to carbon dioxide + water → glucose + Oxygen. The second process in the cycle is
cellular respiration in which the products of photosynthesis ... Show more content on
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While many people are used to the discussion of burning fossil fuels, or even deforestation, another
huge man–made factor in the increase of carbon is air travel (Rosenthal, 2013). While air travel
emissions only account for about five percent of the causes for the extra carbon, the amount is
predicted to increase significantly (Rosenthal, 2013). With the increase of atmospheric carbon
dioxide, there also comes major concerns surrounding the issue such as the rise of the ocean levels
and the acidity of the water in it, changes in climate and weather, and the raise of temperatures so
much that certain species that inhabit the planet will die off, the rest of the living creatures and
plants on the planet soon following in extinction (Global Warming,

An Experiment to Prove the Need for Light in Photosynthesis
In conclusion to my investigation light is definitely needed and is important in the process of
photosynthesis. Light is not only important in the light– dependant stage but the light–independent
stage wouldn't occur without light because light is changed from light energy to chemical potential
energy and is carried out through the ATP and NADPH which takes the energy to the Calvin stage
where that energy is used to make other organic compounds that we may be able to use like glucose.
I also learned that light helps in the breaking down process of chemical compounds and without
light, there is no photosynthesis and that means not oxygen for respiration for organisms. Without
light, since it's a limiting factor, and photosynthesis does not occur the whole earth would be
affected, there would be more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing global warming, there is a
knock on effect of how the Earth would be affected if there was no light for photosynthesis. Light is
a very important
Article 1:
Light is needed in the first stage which is called the light dependent stage. Light is absorbed in the
leaf, also called the lamina, because it has a greater surface area and has more chloroplast where you
find chlorophyll which absorbs the light. This raw factor is very limiting to this process, without it
photosynthesis will not happen, even if you increase the amount of carbon dioxide and temperature
it still won't occur. This article is relevant to my investigation and has good

Photosynthesis Process
Photosynthesis is a process that plans protistans and some bacteria, use energy from the sun to
create sugar. Cellular respiration turns into ATP which is fuel used by all living things. The
transformation of sunlight energy into chemical energy, also goes along with the same process as
green pigment chlorophyll. The photosynthetic process mostly uses water and releases the oxygen
that is mandatory for us humans must have to live. The two stages connected with Photosynthesis
are called light dependent reactions and light independent reactions, light independent reactions is
also known as the Calvin Cycle. Light dependent reactions need sunlight, the energy from this
sunlight is consumed by chlorophyll and made into stored energy. This energy is now in the form of
electron carrier molecule NADPH ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These reactions working in respiration are called catabolic reactions, that break bigger molecules
down into smaller molecules , letting energy release in the operation , as weak so called high energy
components are substituted by stronger components in the produce. Respiration is mainly how a cell
releases energy to start the cellular procedure. Cellular respiration is thought of as an exoergic redox
reaction that puts off heat. The general reaction happens in a multitude of biochemical processes,
most of these are redox responses their selves. Even though cellular respiration happens to be a
combustion metathesis , it obviously does not appear as one during its process in a living cell
because of its sluggish discharge of energy from the multitude of oxidisation. The different stages of
cellular respiration consist of but are not limited to pyruvate oxidation, glycolysis, oxidative
phosphorylation, and the citric acid or Krebs

Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Relationship
Plant Cells help us in many ways.Plant Cells provide oxygen for us to breath. They make oxygen
for us from a process called photosynthesis. Then your cells perform cellular respiration to make
ATP. Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are connected through an important relationship. Their
formulas are the exact opposite. Cellular respiration formula is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
and photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2.Photosynthesis makes glucose which then
is turned back into carbon dioxide.In photosynthesis water is being broken down and in cellular
respiration water is being combined with hydrogen to form water. The released oxygen is for
cellular respiration. We breath the oxygen and the oxygen goes through our blood and cells.
Photosynthesis happens everyday. Photosynthesis starts with the sun. It needs light to happen in the
chlorophyll. The light is absorbed by the cell and starts the photosynthesis process. They then
produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. The glucose can be converted into pyruvate which
releases ATP. Photosynthesis takes place in the chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is this green pigment inside
the plant cell. It is a complex molecule. There are several modifications among ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Light is absorbed in the chlorophyll and gets the electrons excited. The electron is transferred to
another molecule. Which then leads to the splitting of water molecules and the transferred energy to
ATP." A light–dependent series of reactions which occur in the grana and require the direct energy
of light to make energy–carrier molecules that are used in the second process. Light energy is
trapped by chlorophyll to make ATP (photophosphorylation) at the same time water is split into
oxygen,hydrogen ions and free electrons:2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e– (photolysis)the electrons then react
with a carrier molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), changing it from its
oxidised state (NADP+) to its reduced

Introduction. Photosynthesis Is A Vital Process For The
Introduction Photosynthesis is a vital process for the survival of all life on Earth. The byproduct of
photosynthesis, oxygen, profoundly contributes to the formation of the protective ozone layer
(Johnson, 2016). In addition to that, photosynthesis controls 99% of the Earth's ecosystem for every
organism requires energy to fulfill their metabolism ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Besides
providing essential energy and oxygen for living organisms, photosynthesis also plays an important
role in the planet's environment by decreasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (Singhal, Renger,
Sopory, Irrgang, & Govindjee, n.d.). In fact, photosynthesis annually reduces more than 10% of the
total carbon dioxide in the air to chemical compounds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inside the chloroplast are the disc–shaped thylakoids, and the aqueous space called stroma
("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Chlorophyll are embedded within the thylakoid membrane,
and responsible for absorbing light ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). Photosynthesis includes
two distinct stages: the initial light–dependent reaction in the thylakoid membrane, capturing solar
energy and producing ATP and NADPH; and the consequential Calvin Cycle in the stroma, using
ATP and NADPH to make carbohydrate ("Overview of Photosynthesis", 2013). A major component
of photosynthesis is the absorption of light. Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, and travels
in waves ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The distance between the tops of one wave to
the next wave is wavelength. In brief, the shorter wavelength indicates higher energy, and vice versa
("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The electromagnetic spectrum visible to human eye
includes wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). Red
light has the longest wavelength, about 700 nm, therefore, carries the least energy; while violet is
the shortest wavelength (400 nm) with the highest amount of energy ("Light and photosynthetic
pigments", n.d.). The middle group ranging from low to high energy are orange, yellow, green, and
blue, respectively ("Light and photosynthetic pigments", n.d.). The main photosynthetic pigments
are

Photosynthesis and Respiration
All organisms on earth depend on photosynthesis, in which light energy is used to make sugar and
other food molecules from carbon dioxide and water. For example, plants and other photo–
synthesizers need only energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from air, and water from the soil to
make the sugar glucose. Photosynthesis is the most important chemical process on earth because it
provides food for virtually all organisms, not only for photo–synthesizers but for the organisms that
eat them. Plants can capture the energy of the sun by a chemical process called photosynthesis. This
chemical reaction can be described by the following simple equation:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
The product of photosynthesis is a carbohydrate, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The CO2 is converted into malic acid and then converted back to CO2 during the day when light is
present, thus producing sugars, while the stomata are closed and greatly reducing water loss. Plants
convert the energy from light into simple sugars, such as glucose. This food may be converted back
to water and carbon dioxide, releasing the stored energy through a process called respiration. This
energy is required for growth in nearly all organisms. Simple sugars are also converted to other
sugars and starches (carbohydrates) which may be transported to the stems and roots for use or
storage, or they may be used as building blocks for more complex structures, e.g. oils, pigments,
proteins, cell walls, etc. Photosynthesis is dependent on the availability of light. In other words, as
sunlight increases in intensity photosynthesis increases. This results in greater food production.
Many garden crops, such as tomatoes, respond best to maximum sunlight. Tomato production is cut
drastically as light intensities drop. Only two or three varieties of "greenhouse" tomatoes will
produce any fruit when sunlight is minimal in fall and spring. Water plays an important role in
photosynthesis in several ways. First, it maintains a plant's turgor or the firmness or fullness of plant
tissue. Turgor pressure in a cell can be compared to air in an inflated balloon. Water pressure or
turgor is needed in plant cells to maintain shape and ensure

Mr Euglena Experiment
Mr. Euglena is trapped in a crowded area and must be able to travel to a less crowded area to live.
The biological processes of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration allow him to do this. Because of
these two processes, energy is given to the kinetosome, which then allows the flagellum of Mr.
Euglena to move him to a less crowded area. Mr. Euglena is aware that he must move to less
crowded area in order to live. However, he waits patiently for the sun to gradually move higher in
the sky. He believes that if he waits for enough sunlight, the process of photosynthesis will occur in
his chloroplasts to make molecules of glucose. This is the beginning of the process of
photosynthesis, which is the production of glucose in the chloroplasts ... Show more content on
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The dark reaction is the second phase of photosynthesis that only requires two light reactions;
therefore, it may happen all the time if there were two light reactions for every dark reaction. This
process of photosynthesis requires six carbon dioxide molecules (6 CO2). These six carbon dioxide
molecules (6 CO2) then go through enzymatic reactions which separates the molecules into six
carbon atoms (6 C) and twelve oxygen atoms (12 O). Now the 12 NADPH2 (24 H) are added into
the dark reaction. The six carbon atoms (6 C), twelve oxygen atoms (12 O), and twenty–four
hydrogen atoms (24 H) then go through the Calvin Cycle which reorganizes these atoms into a
product of a glucose molecule (C6H12O6) and a byproduct of six water molecules (6 H2O). This
glucose molecule then becomes the key ingredient for Mr. Euglena's aerobic respiration, the process
where glucose is broken down into molecules of ATP in the presence of oxygen. A molecule of ATP
is ADP having a high energy bond with phosphate (P). When this bond is broken, it releases energy
in order for the cell to carry out life functions. The glucose molecule produced by the dark reaction
of photosynthesis makes its way to the cristae on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In the
cristae, the process of aerobic respiration occurs. There are three steps in aerobic respiration:
glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle), and the cytochrome chain (electron transport system).
The first step is glycolysis. Glycolysis

The purpose was to determine how levels of light affect photosynthesis. This was done by placing
portions of a green plant in a bromothymol blue solution and observing the colour changes that
occurred. It was determined that plants exposed to light produce far more oxygen than those placed
in a dark environment. This confirms the hypothesis that oxygen is necessary for continued
photosynthesis.
Grade 12 University Biology, SB14U, Rockland District High School
Wednesday May 11th, 2016
Introduction
Photosynthesis is arguably one of the most important chemical processes for the survival of humans.
In fact, all living things on Earth rely on photosynthesis. Humans are omnivores, meaning that they
consume both animal and plant matter in order to live. Theoretically, humans could survive eating
solely animal matter (POP SCI article), however, any animal they would consume would rely on
plant matter to live, either as its primary diet or the diet of its prey. In this way, all animals require
plant material to survive. Without the chemical process of photosynthesis, life on Earth would not
survive. Another essential process for human life is cellular respiration. To simplify, cellular
respiration is essentially the opposite reaction to photosynthesis, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conversely, the reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and carbohydrates and the process
produces energy in the form of ATP as well as carbon dioxide. The overall chemical reaction for
photosynthesis is 6H2O + 6CO2 ––––––––––> C6H12O6+ 6O2. Plants obtain water and carbon
dioxide as well as light from the environment. Several chemical processes occur and the end result
is energy in the form of carbohydrates, and oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a waste
product. The oxygen is used by organisms for the process of cellular

Photosynthesis Is The Complex Process
Photosynthesis is the complex process of converting the sun's light energy into chemical energy that
is stored in plants as sugars or other organic compounds. Before beginning it is important to note
that, photosynthesis feeds every living organism on this planet directly or indirectly, and without it
on earth life would not be possible. Moreover, for the process to be able to work it is required that
the following resources are accessible: water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. In order to understand
the process, it is important to know that photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast part of the
plant cell. Inside the chloroplast there are multiple Granum that contain stacks of Thylakoids, and
inside the Thylakoid is the chlorophyll that absorbs photons from the sun, and the inner space of the
Thylakoid is called the lumen, and the outside of the Thylakoid but still inside the chloroplast is the
stroma. The membrane of the chloroplast is a phospholipid bilayer meaning it is actually decent at
maintaining concentration gradient ions and proteins. In photosynthesis there are two types of
reactions: light dependent and light independent. Primarily in the light dependent reaction (light
reactions) a photon coming from the sun's rays land onto a molecule of chlorophyll. After the
photon hits the Chlorophyll, what happens next is called photoexcitation and it occurred when the
electron absorbed the energy from the photon. The next step would be that the plant would try to

The Process of Photosynthesis and Practicals
Introduction One of the most important bological processes on earth is photosynthesis. Plants that
comprise the majority of the food we consume need photosynthesis in order to produce life
sustaining energy. This energy is harnessed by the sun. If it were not for photosynthesis to capture
and use this vital energy, life itself would be minimal or almost non–existent. Photosynthesis entails
a process that involves complex and fundamental actions that occur in plants, algae as well as some
bacteria. They use sunlight to produce carbohydrates. Oxygen is then created from carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water (Jackson, 2008). The carbohydrates created through photosynthesis enables growth
and normal functioning for the plant to sustain life. Here is an example of a formulation of
photosynthesis by Campbell et al. Light 6CO2 + 6H20 ––––––––––––––––––––––– 6 (CH2O) +
6O2 Chlorophyll (Campbell et al. 2009) Chloroplasts are the main place for photosynthesis to occur
in plants occurs. Chloroplasts are important organelles, and can be found within plant cells. The
structure of chloroplasts are complex networks of sacs. These are called thylakoids. Chlorophyll.
located within the membranes of thylakoids, give color to plants (Campbell et al. 2009).
Cholrophyll is a key component in allowing most photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
are the two forms within chlorophyll. Along with chlorophylls, chloroplasts contain other
photosynthesising pigments. These are called carotene

Compare And Contrast The Light Independent And Light...
Light dependent and light independent are important in the process of photosynthesis, and function
in different ways. Light dependant reactions need sunlight to function, and they take place in the
thylakoids. First the light from the sun is absorbed by the chlorophyll and then is converted into
chemical energy. This is in the form of a NADPH and ATP. Next, the light independent reactions
require the products made by the light dependant functions to work, and take place in the stroma.
Light Independent molecules need ATP and NADPH to make new carbohydrate molecules. After
the transformation is done the energy carrier molecules(NADPH+ATP) return to the light dependant
section. The light independent reaction make carbon molecules and carbohydrates. Both the light
dependant and the light independent reactions are important to the process of photosynthesis. ...
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First, the three reactants of photosynthesis are Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight. These are the
three things that a plant needs to survive. Carbon Dioxide is what plants breath in, we breath out
carbon dioxide and they release oxygen, so it is a exchange sort of. Water is what keeps the plants
hydrated so they can function. Also plants need sunlight because they turn light into their food, so it
is important for the process of photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis is sugar(glucose) and
oxygen. Glucose is important because it is a source of energy which can be converted into other
uses such as starch, which is used for the structures of cell walls. It is also useful for cell respiration.
Oxygen is important for all plant and animal life because animals need oxygen and plants need
carbon dioxide which we provide. So oxygen is just a exhale or waste from the plants. The reactants
and products of photosynthesis is important because it od what makeup

Cellular Respiration And Photosynthesis Similarities
Aerobic cellular respiration and photosynthesis have a myriad of similarities and differences. They
are both alike and different because of the purpose of the processes, how they function, their
location, and the reactants and products for each process.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis have several differences. In photosynthesis, plants and some
bacteria use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. On the other
hand, cellular respiration is the process in which glucose is broken down and converted into energy,
specifically ATP. Eukaryotes like plants and animals carry out cellular respiration, however, only
plants and some bacteria carry out photosynthesis. Aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the ...
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Cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis: glucose and oxygen, as reactants to make
ATP. In this process, carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products. ADP and Pi are also
reactants, but they are made during the stages, like when a phosphate group leaves the ATP we use
to power glycolysis or when carbon bonds are broken. ADP and Pi do not come from
photosynthesis. Plants that carry out photosynthesis also carry out cellular respiration. Heterotrophs
that can't produce their own sugar also can carry out cellular respiration. They obtain glucose by
eating autotrophs, eating what autotrophs made, or other organisms that consumed autotrophs. From
there, it breaks down the glucose. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration is a cycle because it reuses
and rebuilds the

How Does Temperature Affect Photosynthesis
How does temperature affect photosynthesis? My hypothesis is if the temperature is not right then
the photosynthesis process can become disturbed because temperatures have to be perfect based on
the plant, otherwise, the plant may not be able to survive, which would make the process of
photosynthesis to slow down or maybe even stop. Jerry L.Hatfield, John H.Prueger,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094715300116, explains that temperatures
have to be perfect based on the plant because the plant may not be able to withstand other
temperatures. They say, "Temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development."
Temperature is important, and if it is affected then it can affect the process of photosynthesis. They
also say, "Rate of plant growth and development is dependent upon the temperature surrounding the
plant and each species has a specific temperature range represented by a minimum, maximum, and
optimum." This is explaining that temperature needs to be right based on every plant because if not
the plant may not survive and that will make the process mess up. Thus, the temperature is ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The way you use Gizmos is that you move the little notches up and down until you find the most
oxygen production and the ideal climate. There are a lot of steps, but overall we technically just
looked at how the temperature, light intensity, CO2 level, and oxygen production affect the
photosynthesis process. Now, if any of the steps get out of order, then it can mess up the way you
proceed the experiment, which can mess up the process, for example, if the temperature is too hot or
too cold, the photosynthesis process can be disturbed because of the plant not being able to stand the
climate around it. Thus, this experiment uses different elements, that can mess up the experiment if
they get out of the order they are supposed to be

Measuring the rate of photosynthesis is done by observing oxygen production in various ways. It is
efficient to measure of the amount of oxygen produced during photosynthesis by observing how
quickly the process causes a submerged leaf to float by releasing oxygen into the cell. The reaction
that photosynthesis begins with is light–dependent, and therefore needs a light source of some sort.
In such an experiment, it is possible to use light sources of various wavelengths as a variable to
determine if the rate of photosynthesis is directly affected by colored light. While photosynthesis is
producing oxygen for the cell, cellular respiration is also occurring in the cell simultaneously and
consuming oxygen. Submerging the leaves in sodium bicarbonate ... Show more content on
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Spinach leaf discs produced the most oxygen when they were exposed to a light that they were most
able to absorb. By using tinted light bulbs, the color of light emitted becomes narrower.
Photosynthesis is still able to take place when exposed to monochromatic light, but the rate may be
affected if it is a color not easily absorbed by the chlorophyll in the plant. We see the directs effects
of light when measuring decreased photosynthesis in plants exposed to monochromatic light, rather
than a light of all wavelengths.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants responsible for absorbing light to begin the process of
photosynthesis. They appear green because that is the pigment that their chlorophyll is unable to
absorb. If the type of light is converted into wavelengths of energy, each color of light varies in
wavelength and therefore energy. Red light emits longer wavelengths, therefore less energy. Blue
light emits shorter wavelengths, therefore emitting more energy. Regardless of energy of light,
plants can only absorb certain

How Light Intensity Affect Photosynthesis
How does light intensity and carbon dioxide levels affect photosynthesis rate
Phaladi Phaladi
201102379
Department Of Mathematics And Science Education
University Of Botswana
Plants, through the use of chlorophyll (green pigment in plants) that traps light can generate 'food'
by combining carbon dioxide in the air and water. As with many chemical process energy is need to
make and break molecules during the chemical process. The greater the light levels the more energy
is available to carry out process of photosynthesis. Some photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide,
the more carbon dioxide that is available that is available the greater the rate of photosynthesis.
According to Sadava et al (2011) increasing light intensity would tend ... Show more content on
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This is because adequate carbon dioxide will react with water in the presence of light and
chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen hence the rate of photosynthesis will be faster because
of the adequate or sufficient carbon dioxide. According to Odom. A and Barrow. L (2007)
sometimes photosynthesis is limited by the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, even if there
is plenty of light, a cannot photosynthesise if there is not a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide. By
Pankg. S and Shamindra. S (2010) Alpine plants of oxyria digyna have higher apparent
photosynthesis rates at various carbon dioxide concentrations than arctic, sea level plants of the
same species. Therefore it can be said that an increase in carbon dioxide will increase the rate of
photosynthesis.ConclusionIn conclusion it be said the hypothesis was right by predicting that an
increase in light intensity will increase the rate of photosynthesis and an increase in carbon dioxide
level will speed the rate of photosynthesis. It is not only light and carbon dioxide that affect the rate
of photosynthesis, but also temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.ReferencesDowney. L ,
Miller. J,W. 1979. New Phytologist. Third edition. Malloy companyMolina. D , Alegrors. S.2009.
Biosystem Engineering. second edition. Wiley companyOdom. A, Barrow. L. 2007. Book for
School Science and Mathematics. Third edition. Person Benjamin

Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Research Paper
Do you know where the oxygen that you breathe comes from? Do you know what provides your
body with energy? Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, bacteria, and some protistans use
the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into adenosine
triphosphate(ATP/ energy), the "fuel" used by all living things. So next time you're eating something
sweet, thank photosynthesis. Whenever you're playing a sport or dancing, remember that energy
that's got you up in the first place and thank cellular respiration. Photosynthesis produces sugar and
food, cellular respiration takes that glucose(sugar) created and converts it into ATP(energy).
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both important because they both ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To start off, photosynthesis uses light from the sun to make its own food while cellular respiration
uses food to make energy. Photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplasts and cellular respiration
takes place inside the mitochondria. Basically, cellular respiration is the process by which cells
break down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen that makes and releases
energy that the cell can readily use it. Photosynthesis is a chemical process through which plants,
some bacteria and algae, produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using only
light as a source of energy. Cellular respiration happens in humans, animals, plants, and
microorganisms. Photosynthesis happens in plants and microorganisms. Some similarities
photosynthesis and cellular respiration share are they both are metabolic processes, they both
transform energy: storing energy or releasing energy, and they both have electron movements. One
last difference for cellular respiration and photosynthesis is the chemical and word equations. The
chemical and word equation for photosynthesis

Biology Essay On Biology
Biology Essay
AlwaleedAljufan
Mr.Hamdy Karim./Biology Teacher
Green 9 (green)
2015 / OCT /. 21 .
In this essay we will talk about photosynthesis,first the photosynthesis occurs in the plant, and the
plant is very important to us as humans and even animals as well it makes us oxygen which is
required to make us alive and some people use it as decoration.photosynthesis is the process in
which the plant could make its own food. any thing which is able to make or produce its own food
without a help from other species respiration is the most important thing we need to do in our life its
also known as (Breathing) is the process that when we take oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. and
without this process we cannot produce energy to make the blood go to every body part.
In depth look at photosynthesis is when the leaf take water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the
air, by the help of the sunlight and producing sugar and oxygen, to produce chemical energy, it uses
sugar to take energy and help it live, by this process the plant produces a lot of energy so thats why
its the number 1 at the food chain table because it stores a lot of energy from the sugar it produces,
but in the plant it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And the respirations waste material is carbon dioxide (C O2) and carbon dioxide is required to the
plant to be able to do the photosynthesis. in that way without the plants there will be a little of
oxygen in our air to breath and the same with us and the plants, without us the plant wouldn't
produce oxygen. each one of the photosynthesis and respiration is that they help each other

Photosynthesis
Lab 8 Section 022
Kaileen Savage
Tanushree Majumber
Introduction
"Photosynthesis is a biochemical process for building carbohydrates using energy from sunlight and
carbon dioxide taken from the air", (Morris, J. (2016) Biology How Life Works. New York, NY.). It
is a system that uses plants and specific algae to synthesize molecules from both water and carbon
dioxide. The oxygen we breathe and the food we eat is fueled by photosynthesis because it is an
energy source. Photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and some examples
are humans, trees, and plants. Biological systems use photosynthesis as an energy source. Where
there is a source of sunlight, there is a chance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the experiment, my partner and I received 0 leaves floating in the 0% concentration which
was expected. But we also gathered the data that 0 leaves floated for 0.2% the first time we tried
which isn't expected. The second trial we changed the distance of the light and brought it closer and
4 of our 10 leaves floated in the 15–minute span.
Results
The results of the mean of the concentrations are as followed; 0%, 0.2%, 2.0% and 1.0% which are
in organization of longest float time to shortest. The higher the concentration of sodium bicarbonate
(carbon source) the quicker the process of photosynthesis occurs. The mean of the concentrations is;
0% is 900, 0.20% is 757.58, 1.0% is 580.004 and 2.0% is 582.54. The standard deviations of the
concentrations are; 0% is 0, 0.20% is 190.0045, 1.0% is 247.9306 and 2.0% is 199.979.
Conclusion
Does carbon concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis? The carbon concentration does affect
the rate of photosynthesis.
The 0% concentration (water) was the highest average float time at 900 seconds. It was significantly
higher than the other concentrations. This is expected to be the lowest amount of photosynthesis
because it has 0% of carbon dioxide. It is expected because carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis to occur.
The 0.2% concentration of sodium bicarbonate was the second longest average float time at 757.58
seconds. It's about 150 seconds faster than 0% and 200

Importance Of Artificial Photosynthesis
Ashley Baum and Desta Tekle–Wold
BIOL 219 Extra Credit Assignment
September 18, 2017
Artificial Photosynthesis
Abstract
There are vast applications to the biomimetic process of artificial photosynthesis including the
generation of clean, sustainable, and large–scale energy resources; moreover, this water–splitting
process allows the production of renewable chemical fuels.
Introduction.
Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that seeks to replicate the steps in the natural process
of photosynthesis seen in plants. This process imitates the way that plants absorb light, water, and
carbon dioxide in order to convert the materials into energy that will be consumed by the plant. "The
goal of artificial photosynthesis is to mimic the green plants and other photosynthetic organisms in
using sunlight to make high–energy chemicals but with far higher efficiencies and simplicity of
design for scale–up and large–scale production (Concepcion 2012)."
Natural vs. Artificial.
In order to understand the importance of artificial photosynthesis, the process of natural
photosynthesis must be fully understood. Natural photosynthesis consists of light and dark reactions
that can be simplified into the chemical expression:
6CO¬2 + 12H2O + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
This reaction indicates that plants use the process of photosynthesis to take carbon dioxide
molecules, water molecules, and light energy via the sun to produce materials within the plant. The
materials produced are

The Effect Of Photosynthesis On Plants And The Cycle Of...
"The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago, the second best time is now." This anonymous quote
is a direct reference to the issue of pollution, and the ramifications and effects it has on plants and
the cycle of photosynthesis. Pollution not only directly effect plants and the cycle of photosynthesis,
but pollution can also indirectly harm other elements that contribute to the life of a plant and the
cycles it performs.
Photosynthesis is the cycle in which light energy converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose
and oxygen by ways of a chemical reaction (Robinson 2015). Photosynthesis', overall a fairly
simple process, has couple complex reactions. To fully understand the cycle, it should be broken
down into two simple stages. These stages can be divided up into light reactions and the Calvin
Cycle. In the first step of photosynthesis, the light reaction, solar energy is converted into the form
of chemical energy. This entails the chlorophyll absorbing light from the sun and transforming it
into NADP+ (nicotin– amide ademine dinucleotide phosphate) and ATP, through means of a
chemical reaction. During the second stage, the Calvin cycle, the plant takes in CO2, and processes
it through the chloroplast. Following it converts the carbons into carbohydrates by adding electrons
using chemical energy such as ATP. The end result of this stage is sugar and oxygen. The process of
photosynthesis occurs primarily in the chlorophyll of the leaf. The leaf also has a structural

The Process Of Photosynthesis Is A Convoluted One
The process of photosynthesis is a convoluted one; which relies on the carbon dioxide, water, and
the sun's light energy. The first stage of photosynthesis, is known as the light–dependent reaction.
This occurs in the thylakoid membrane as the light photons are captured and excited electrons are
bounced around inside the thylakoid compartment until it is captured in the photosystem. The
electrons are then sent through an electron transfer chain to the next photosystem. In order to
replace lost electrons, photosystem II pulls more electrons off water molecules. This reaction
produces hydrogen ions along with oxygen. The hydrogen ions are propelled through ATP synthases
to attach to ADP, therefore ATP forms. The next photosystem absorbs the electrons that go through
the first electron transfer chain, and it also absorbs light energy to create another electron transfer
chain. At the end of this chain, a coenzyme NADP+ accepts the electron along with a hydrogen ion,
which creates NADPH. The next part of photosynthesis is the light independent reactions. This part
of photosynthesis relies on the ATP and NADPH that the light dependent reactions produce. First,
the enzyme rubisco "fixes" carbon dioxide by attaching it to five–carbon RuBP. The carbons then
split into three–carbon molecules of PGA. The PGA that is created is given a phosphate group from
ATP and a hydrogen and electron from NADPH. This creates twelve PGAL. Two of these PGAL
molecules are able to rearrange and create

Describe The Process Of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and cyanobacteria to convert light energy from
the sun into chemical energy for later use. The first stage in photosynthesis involves drawing
moisture (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide from the surrounding area. The next stage in photosynthesis
occurs when the light from the sun reaches the chloroplasts in the organism, for plants this is in their
leaves, and for algae and cyanobacteria it happens in their antennae that collect the light. This light
energy is used to convert the stored carbon and water in the organism into Glucose (C6H12O6) and
Oxygen (O2). The glucose is stored in the organism whereas the oxygen becomes a byproduct of
this reaction and is released into the immediate area. It is this ... Show more content on
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This can cause harm to animals such as amphibians and fish and other water based life. Some
affects on aquatic life when water of a higher temperature is introduced is the de–oxygenation of
water this is because when water is heated the level of dissolved oxygen in that water decreases, this
make the water harder for fish to breathe in. It may also cause an increase in the metabolic rate of
aquatic life forms, which would cause the animals to eat more food in a shorter time period and may
result in a shortage of resources for the organisms of the surrounding area. Finally many aquatic
species have a hard time successfully reproducing at higher temperatures. The effects on water–
based life forms when cooler water is introduced are also detrimental to the ecosystem. Such as
altering the native species found in an ecosystem that is used to warmer waters this can result in
entire native fish species being eliminated and other organisms which are more accustomed to the
cooler water over populating and destroying the natural food

BS101 Unit 4 Short Answer Question (SAQ) Essay
Lesson 4 Laboratory: Photosynthesis
Introduction: Elodea is a species of aquatic plant often called waterweed. Like other plants, Elodea
absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen during photosynthesis.
In this lab, an Elodea specimen is submerged in water under a lamp with a filter that can change the
color of the light. We will measure Elodea's rate of photosynthesis by measuring the amount of
oxygen it produces. We will investigate the effects of light color and light intensity on Elodea's rate
of oxygen production.
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, Na HCO3) breaks down to release CO2 when mixed with water,
so adding it to the water increases the availability of CO2.By placing the Elodea plant into water
containing varying levels of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Based on what you already know about photosynthesis, write a testable hypothesis to explain the
influence of an increase in carbon dioxide on the photosynthetic rate in tomato leaves.
An increase in carbon di oxide concentration increases the photosynthetic rate in tomato leaves.
To test the hypothesis
The plant is supplied with increasing CO2 levels and rate of photosynthesis is measured.
a. Write the generalized CHEMICAL reaction of photosynthesis.
6 CO2 + 6H2O Sunlight and chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
b. Explain how the light–dependent and light–independent reactions are interdependent.
The products of the light dependent reactions, ATP and NADPH, are used to drive the synthesis of
sugars which occurs through the light independent reactions.
c. Summarize the light–dependent reactions of photosynthesis, being sure to indicate where the
reactions occur and the products of the reactions.
PROCESS
SUMMARY
LOCATION
PRODUCTS
Light–dependent reaction of photosynthesis light energy is absorbed by the pigments present in the
antenna, and funnelled to special chlorophyll a molecules called reaction centre chlorophylls.
There are two photosystems, PS I and PS II. PS I has a 700 nm absorbing chlorophyll a P700
molecule at its reaction centre, while PS II has a P680 reaction centre that

How Did Photosynthesis Changed The Earth
Photosynthesis changed the Earth and made the Earth by starting the development of an atmosphere
suitable for aerobic life.
The site livescience.com says "Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and certain
bacteria to harness energy from sunlight into chemical energy...Oxygenic photosynthesis functions
as a counterbalance to respiration; it takes in the carbon dioxide produced by all breathing
organisms and reintroduces oxygen into the atmosphere." The source sciencing.com reads "The
leaves of plants contain openings called stomata, which are used for the exchange of gases. Carbon
dioxide, combined with water in photosynthesis, is drawn in through the stomata. Oxygen, a
byproduct of the process, is released through these openings,

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