Avatar Research Paper

Avatar Research Paper
Lacans mirror stage
Self–recognition is fundamental building block for humans, we exist as individuals each with out
own differences and recognition of each other is an important feature for us. Psychoanalytic theorist
had attempted to understand the complexities of the human mind truth identity and agency in the
world. Advance in technologies brought us an opportunity to create virtual worlds2 and in many
ways artificial reality is bound by the fundamental rules of gravity, day night cycle, space distance
and even living creatures to inhabit the virtual world. Focus will be drawn to users creation of
avatars as a means of identification and constitution of self in virtual world. The avatar has the
potential to bring a new dimension to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The experience with the mirror explains the development of the 'ideal ego' – how I am recognised by
other. Because toddler is unable to use structured language, and can only gaze in realm of images,
aesthetics and ideal other motor control.
Avatar, on the other hand, is not a real reflection of the self, but more of a constructed external
image, that is personalise and modified to ones liking. For instance, in video game EVE online new
users are given an option to create and customize their character from body shape to length of hair
or even tattoos. In addition, when avatar is created it exist in the digital domain, and is easily
perceived as separate entity from us (Taylor 2002). Arguably, avatar creation contains fundamental
concepts of Lacan's mirror stage. The mirror stage suggest moments of self perception which goes
beyond simple self image. Mirror stage toddler perceive image as a alienated entity. Reflection is
perceived by the baby as an outside object which contradicts the fragmented perception of self.
Therefore, mirror stage propose dual feeling of identification and estrange, where also a
corresponding feelings might be observed with the avatar.
Alienation
So far, the mirror stage the site where the subject becomes alienated from himself (Evans 1996
p116). Lacan describes the unified body in the mirror as the core of the established infantile, and
decentred understanding of self (Lacan 1949). Arguably, sense of being divided can be considered in
the
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Essay about The Culture of Poverty in America
The Culture Poverty
America has always been a country known for their great integrity, diversity, financial prosperity
and great pop culture. It has been a place many people have flocked to from many different parts of
the world in order to escape their very own poverty struck countries in their quest to build a new life
in America and hopefully become financially stable. In this article written by M. Harrington he
pointed out some key factors discussing how America has not really changed from over a hundred
years ago. In specifics he tells how many years have gone by and still yet there is still a very large
amount of a poverty class of people. Although our nation takes great pride on its classlessness there
is still a one quarter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In reading the chapters for this week's studies, I felt the conflict theory would be of most value in
this topic simply because of its very nature. We learned that there is one origin by Mr. Karl Marx,
who was able to see that there were two types of classes of people that we were dealing with. One
was the producers and the other was the laborers. The conflict theory stresses the fact of how one
class of people exploits the other class of people. Hence the distinction of the two classes, known as
the lower class and the upper class. If we were to analyze these two classes of people we would see
that this the very reason why segregation and division was born in this world in order for man to
separate the good from the bad, the rich from the poor, the healthy from the unhealthy. It has been
this way from the beginning of time. The cultural poverty class is known to have a stricken mindset
mentally. They are not able to see past their current status nor are they able to train their mind to
have hope for a better future, because they have already decided they will not flourish in their mind
and they will struggle for the rest of their days. According to the word of God, we are to live a
priestly lifestyle. It was never God's intention for us to live below our means, it is his will that we
live a holy, righteous life in Christ and be prosperous and blessed.

Freudian And Lacanian Psychoanalysis, By Barbara Creed
INTRODUCTION
Psychoanalytic film theory, which is derived from Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, appears in
the discussion of cinema early in the 1970s. As the conjunction of psychoanalysis and film theory,
scholars use this theory for textual analysis and different elements like the monstrous–feminine,
mirror stage identification, and the Oedipus complex are concluded and developed. To reexamine
the mother–child relationship, I will argue that these key elements of psychoanalytic film theory are
useful to understand the psychic activities of protagonists of Black Swan and The Babadook.
Additionally, they provide some evidence to explain the mode of how a mother gets along with her
child. I will begin by discussing the term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on this idea, Barbara Creed (1993) concluded the concept of monstrous–feminine as the
"shocking, terrifying, horrific, and abject" (Creed 1993, 1) female image which is also commonly
associated with mothering functions. We can find that the abjection occupies the whole film The
Babadook.
For Amelia, the loss of her husband on the birthday of her son becomes a powerful abjection which
she tries to deny and avoid. However, every time Amelia struggles to reject it, exclude it and make it
'other' (Buerger 2017, 35), the significance and the effects brought by the trauma become profound.
Thus, the monstrous feminine is fully revealed when Amelia has to surrender to mister Babadook,
the embodiment of the abjection. One of the scene shows Amelia tries to pull a tooth out of her
mouth. A series of close–up of Amelia's facial expression and hand movements indicate the struggle
she goes through when the Babadook takes up her. The only sound is Amelia's painful cry, which
also shows her cruelty and determination. In relation to several scenes before, Amelia has a
toothache when she eats something with her son. Working the same as a viscera, the tooth Amelia
pulls out symbolize her son Samuel, and the action of pulling the tooth out represents Amelia
refuses to play the maternal role and wants to get rid of her son. Besides showing Amelia in the
front, a few

Technology : The Positive Influence Of Technology And...
In the present time individuals can't envision their existence without innovation. Encompassing us
different advancements that are helping individuals to carry on with their existence with more
extravagance. The innovation segment has changed and created numerous items. The innovation is
giving many preferences. It's a given that technology has been enhancing the way individuals learn
and makes it simple. Not only does technology make life easier it further provides us with the
opportunity to make a more intimate relationship like a personal connection.
When mentioning of how technology impacts our society, people will think of its positive influence.
Technology and social media has changed the way people interact with one another it made us
individuals closer with one another. This is Providing the platform to help us maintain a personal
connection. According to Danah Boyd, "Teens want to gossip, flirt, complain, compare notes, share
passions, emote and joke around. They want to be able to talk among themselves –even if that
means going online" (20–21) Danah Boyd expresses the reason why society goes online and how it
brings us closer together even if it means not being face–to–face with the individual. Technology
and Relationships has become such an important issue because it allows us to interact on another
level. Simultaneously it makes it somewhat easier to interact, without the awkward face–to–face
conversations people struggle with. "Social media has become an

Analysis Of Deborah Tannen'sBut What Do You Mean?
It is aggravating when my significant other gets mad over the simplest things, Whenever Chris and I
have a chance to talk, male and female communication styles in handling fighting, criticism, and
apologies cause low self–esteem to arise within me. Many women tend to take the blame for their
significant others' actions by apologizing entirely too much, but there are times when saying "I'm
sorry" is not self–depreciating. Each morning Chris would always head towards a good conversation
with "Good morning" and "How are you?" There would be times when he would tell jokes;
sometimes he would often take his anger out on me either physically or mentally. Deborah Tannen
in her essay "But What Do You Mean?" highlights key points, such as fighting and criticism
between the male and female. Tannen points out throughout her text "that they [men] state their
ideas in the strongest possible terms, thinking that if there are weaknesses, someone will point them
out, and by trying to argue against those objections, they will see how well their ideas hold up"
(156). Throughout my relationship with Chris, I learned that his actions towards me changed every
time we would try to talk and work things out. I would go right into fighting and apologizing
entirely too much, for his actions. While being in a relationship with Chris for over six years I
started to notice his actions towards me changed from when we had first met. As his girlfriend, I
needed to know what caused him to take his anger

What Does The Obligation Of A Person?
Levinas writes on the obligation of a person without any feeling of guilt to act rationally and
responsibly. Levinas identifies this condition as goodness by every means that is created as a
burden. Levinas presumption of goodness can be viewed in relation to self to others based on the
actions a person does. People often act based on what brings satisfaction, and not by conforming to
justice. In the contemporary society, it is possible that the principalities of life fail to restrict a
person from admitting responsibility of any wrong to others. For instance, people often give up on
friends based on the assumption that they have spent time and resources trying to effect change.
People have the ability to perform more by focusing on others. It creates a feeling of consciousness
and responsibility, consequently eliminating the possibility of guilt. A different aspect that may form
the basis of goodness of self to other is written in human relations. Over the years, people have
engaged in social interaction that has built the image and credibility of the society, portraying people
as ambassadors of goodness with no guilt. Despite the decay of human relations in modern society,
there is evidence of positive characteristics and goodness. It highlights the importance of rational
perception and the possibility of goodness as a developed social institution. Such elements enable
people to live positively and dependent on each other. Focusing on the reconstruction of government

Other People Do Not Have Minds
Other people do not have minds. At least, I cannot know for sure that they do, and will argue for this
case in this essay. The problem of other minds (that is, can we know that other people have minds) is
a problem that (like all classic philosophical problems) seemingly has no provable answer. The
problem is such; I do not know for sure that other people actually have minds; I only know what my
own experiences are like through direct experience (i.e. I know my experiences because I experience
them), but I cannot have direct knowledge of other people's experiences, as I cannot experience their
experiences alongside them. Therefore, I only have information about people's behaviour to go on;
e.g. I cannot know that someone is happy, but I can experience them behave in such a way that
would lead me to the conclusion that they're happy, as that is how I would act if I were happy. The
problem with this, however, is that behaviour is not equal to mental states, and therefore I have no
knowledge of other people's mental states, only that they seem to experience mental states based on
their behaviour. Of course, I cannot know that they experience mental states for sure, as I cannot
experience other's mental states, I can only draw conclusions from their behaviour, which does not
prove that they do have minds. One way that would prove the existence of other minds would be to
experience another's mental state. As I experience my own mental states directly, that is sufficient
proof for

Analysis Of Sherry Turkle 's Alone Together
Despite an increase in the amount of mediums used to communicate with other people, humans have
lost the ability to adequately socialize in an effective manner. In Sherry Turkle's Alone Together, the
reader is presented with animatronic devices as eventual replacements to human interaction.
Meanwhile, this is contrasted with Adam Gopnik's Bumping Into Mr Ravioli, where people are
always available for communication, but are always "perpetually suspending" any real face to face
contact (157). With this in mind, both authors seemingly mesh the principle that the advancement of
technology has had a disappointing impact on social skills. The growing amount of ways in which
humans communicate has created a complexity for choosing the correct method to build prosperous
relationships. Technology has alienated humans from face to face interactions by weakening the
ability to emphasize, commit, and form "real" friendships (Turkle 266). Technology has an uncanny
ability to either unite people from unimagined parts of the world or drive people away from each
other. Unfortunately, the latter has gradually occurred as more and more people drift from face to
face contact to methods of face to screen communication. As a result, the ability to sympathize with
others has been severely damaged because of the lost emotional exchanges that face to face contact
provides. For example, there is a stark contrast to hiking through the mountains and finally reaching
the valley versus taking an online

Difference Between Ownership And A Sense Of Self
Anywhere in the world, someone acquires something, whether it be money, a car, or even an idea.
We can "own" many intangible and tangible items in life, but how does ownership relate to a sense
of self? This question has been constantly answered for centuries through intelligent people like
Plato, Aristotle, and Jean–Paul Sartre. However, the question has received no agreeable answer. In
the end, people will agree that there is a strong and positive relationship between ownership and a
sense of self because the things you own will define and develop who you are positively by
exhibiting what you like, what you can and cannot do, and in the end, characterizes you, as long as
you use the items you own properly. Jean–Paul Sartre argues that intangible items such as skill and
knowledge is something that we own and defines who we are on top of tangible items, since
acquiring skill and knowledge makes us better in different aspects of life. By saying this, Sartre
would agree that when we own something such as knowledge, it will shape our sense of self and
identity since it makes us a better person when we use our own knowledge to benefit our own selves
and others, thus showing a strong and positive relationship between ownership and sense of self.
Aristotle would also agree with both Jean–Paul Sartre and the statement that the relationship
between ownership and sense of self is strong and positive because he states in his own studies that
the ownership of tangible goods will

An Ethical Mind That Respect For Others Into Something...
According to The Harvard Business Review "An ethical mind broadens respect for others into
something more abstract. A person with an ethical mind asks herself, "What kind of a person,
worker, and citizen do I want to be? If all workers in my profession adopted the mind–set I have, or
if everyone did what I do, what would the world be like?"" (Fryer). I believe I definitely have an
ethical mind, ever since I was child I always wondered what kind of overall person I would be and
how that would affect others and my character. I always try to be as respectful and morally honest to
everyone I come across and every situation in my life. I have actually wondered what if everyone
not only in my profession, but in the world had the same mentality ... Show more content on
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A deontologist focuses on doing what is "right". Like stated above, a lot of my ethical background
has come from the characteristics I was taught as a child such as honesty, fairness, and respect for
others.
Although I do not have much professional leadership experience, in my personal and what I believe
my profession style would be is a coaching approach. "A coaching approach is a high directive–high
supportive style. In this approach, the leader focuses communication on both achieving goals and
meeting followers' socioemotional needs (Northouse, 2016, p.94). These types of leaders are
approachable, provide personal and professional support, and are friendly. This is the kind of leader
I would want to be, efficient in work productivity, but also welcoming and supportive of my
employees. This style of leadership builds trust and honesty, which makes employees more likely to
present ethical dilemmas to you, because they know the issue will be dealt with in a fair and just
manner.
One leadership model that I value is Blake and Mouton's Managerial (Leadership) Grid. "The
Leadership (Managerial) Grid joins concern for productions and concern for people in a model that
has two interesting axes" (Northouse, 2016, p.75). The horizontal axis signifies the leader's concern
for production, and the vertical axis signifies the leader's concern for people. Each side of the grid is
drawn to a 9 point scale, in which a 1 stands for minimum concern and a 9 stands for maximum

Analysis Of The Philosophical Views Of The Other Presented...
Assignment: Final Paper the Other
Nancy Barahona
National University
Philosophy 337
August 1, 2015
Professor Martin Gomez
In looking at the philosophical views of the Other presented by Emmanuel Levinas we will consider
whether we act strictly for the good of others without investing any self interest in what we do or do
we do what we desire most at the end of the day; however, we will find many of our daily
interactions including working, caring for another and just basic interactions are all done in self
interest not in the interest of the Other. According to Rosenstand (2013) Levinas explains the Other
as a term seen in philosophy about a person who is different from oneself; it is when one is facing
something or someone that one is fundamentally unfamiliar with. (Rosenstand, 2013, p. 82) He goes
onto explain that this stranger can be a person of a different sex or race or even someone who has
different experiences than oneself. Levinas sees the bottom line of all human existence as the
encounter with the Other. (Rosenstand, 2013, p. 513) When people meet people they will more often
than not meet someone who is different from them. They will be a different color. A different sex. A
different social class. It will be someone who has grown up in a different environment than them.
And instinct will set in and one will try to change the Other; they will perceive that they are helping
the Other but really they are helping themselves. One person will

Pre Understanding Of Religion : An Open Mind While...
Monika Rabjohn
RES 101–04
Dr. Nowack
Midterm
Pre–understanding of Religion
I was consciously aware to keep an open mind while studying other religions. When answering
question three, I stated I could study other religions without threatening my faith. Through my
experiences in this course I have a greater confidence that I can study other religions and use that
information to expand upon my own beliefs.
The religions we've discussed in class are very diverse, however, I've been able to make inferences
between them and my own faith. While studying Hinduism, I thought their belief of three main
beings – the Trimurti – was very interesting. In a way, they reminded me of the Holy Trinity of
Christianity. Hinduism does state that there is one main being whose spirit infuses into every other
holy being, which is similar to the belief of the Holy Spirit being imparted into Christians. Which is
interesting since many people predominantly believe Hinduism is polytheistic, while in a sense it is
monotheistic too. Catholics and Hindus also share the belief that pleasure is not intrinsically bad and
it is a blessing to enjoy the world. Religion is occasionally associated with denying pleasures wholly
while in reality it is the overindulgence which is held back. At first glance Buddhism may seem very
different from Catholicism. Although Buddhism does not worship a God, it does believe in the One
which is indescribable. Since the Judeo–Christian God is also mystery and many

Examples Of Otherness In To Kill A Mockingbird
The world is created out of oppositions, divisions and separations between the one and the Other.
When people collide or meet, in that sense, in the meeting between different cultural backgrounds
they tend to define the others by defining themselves. Jacque Derrida puts it in his essay Archive
Fever: Freudian Impressions "every Other is every other Other, is altogether Other "(p.77).
Alternatively, as Harper lee sets it clearly in her novel To Kill a Mockingbird "you never really
understand a person until you consider things from his point of view ... until you climb inside of his
skin and walk around in It" (p.32)
It is always relevant to analyse how the One describes, and in that way defines the Other. The
definition of this Concept is related to the definition of the One. The question of the other in general
has been a controversial topic throughout the years in different fields: anthropology, sociology,
history and literature. It is associated with the time of the Civil Rights Movement in which
significant and well–known critical studies, including Claudia Durst Johnson, Michelle Foucault,
Carter& Cranny–Francis, Paul Brown, Deborah Willis, were done. ... Show more content on
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My chief motivation in selecting a novel on inequality has to do with a book I read throughout my
master's course, but also branches from the fact that I found the study of American literature very
perplexing. Novels dealing with modern slavery call my attention because of my background as an
Arab , African woman. Reading about the hideous effects of slavery, inequality and the struggle for
fair human rights in the United States of America has made me wonder about the nature of slavery
in the whole

Analysis Of Jesus Land By Julia Scheeres
When an individual's pursuit of self–awareness is disrupted, it often becomes characterized by the
creation of an opposite in other people. This theme is evident in Julia Scheeres's memoir Jesus Land.
During her period of adolescent self–discovery, Julia is met with obstacles caused by fanatical
authority figures in both her family and church. This struggle ultimately leads Julia to disown and
even demonize her closet relation, her brother David. Although the book is a concentrated depiction
of this pattern, the idea of othering is prevalent in our country as a whole. Specifically, gender
othering always has and always will be an issue in America and the American Dream. Through the
description of her adolescent experiences in her memoir Jesus Land, Julia Scheeres exposes ... Show
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Men counter women by placing them in subordinate roles. One theory behind this othering is that
men feel the need to project their fraility and vulnerability on females as a justification for treating
them as inferior (Arini). These supporting and domestic roles are presented by Christianity as the
more moral choice. Most religions require that a woman concentrate on her family, appealing to the
female maternal instincts (Arini). After years of being taught scriptures on being obedient, women
convince themselves that they are supposed to be submissive. They quell their other aspirations and
focus on getting married, having kids, and caring for a family (Arini). A study held by Lauren E.
Maltby, M. Elizabeth L. Hall, Tamara L. Anderson, and Keith Edwards showed that increased
scriptual literalism in males parelled directly with increased benevolent sexism. Benevolent sexism
is the belief that, among other things, women should be kept at home in domestic roles. As a male's
agreement with core Christian ideals increases, his tendency to hold sexist views increases (Maltby).
Both men and women who accept the literal

Suffering From A Powerful And Good God
Pain and suffering in the face of the idea of an all powerful and good God has presented difficulties
for philosophers and theologians alike for centuries. The 20th century Jewish French philosopher
Emmanuel Levinas attempts to explain pain in his essay, Useless Suffering. Levinas suggest through
an abbreviated phenomenology and subsequent thrashing of theodicy that suffering is best
understood as "meaningful in me, useless in the Other."1 While Levinas 's phenomenology is
logically consistent, his assessment of usefulness of theodicy in light of the suffering of the 20th
century is suspect, however this does not impact the validity of his understanding of suffering in the
inter–human order. Levians 's attempt to address the phenomenon of suffering from his observations
led to a flawed mindset that excused the work of theodicy rather choosing to explain "useless
suffering" from an inter–human perspective apart from God. Levinas approaches the topic of
suffering from the discipline of phenomenology. Attempting to explain suffering in the world,
Levinas approaches the problem from conscious perception of suffering. From observation of pain
and suffering Levinas states the following conclusion:
This elevated thought2 is the honor of a still uncertain and blinking modernity coming at the end of
a century of nameless sufferings, but in which the suffering of suffering, the suffering for the useless
suffering of the other person, the just suffering in me for the unjustifiable

Cloning & Individualism
Results May Vary: Adam Phillips's Theory of Cloning and The Paradoxical Apotheosis of
Individualism Adam Phillips's essay "Sameness Is All" takes the form of a dialogue with two
children to introduce the fantasy of cloning in which everyone is identical. Specifically, Phillips
observes that cloning is a "denial of difference and dependence" which leads to a "refusal of need"
(92). However, Phillip remains mindful that such fantasy of physical or psychological sameness is
implausible as everyone is different – even clones. One then questions the significance of such
wanting of sameness, or if the sense of sameness serves any purpose. Using the concept of Self and
Other that Joanne Finkelstein examines in "The Self as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reader sees that the Self and the Other appear to exist in an obligate symbiotic relationship,
where both the Self and Other are dependent on each other for continued existence, and elucidates
the reader on the interdependency of the Self and Other.
After highlighting the interdependency of the Self and Other, Finkelstein uses this association
between Self and Other to delineate the adverse consequences of this symbiotic relationship. By
identifying the halo effect as a source of social pressure to conform, Finkelstein allows the reader to
see Phillip's theory of cloning as a feasible solution to the inherent issues of social injustice and
despair in this concept:
DeJong and Kleck (1986:66) maintain that...the overweight not only do not have an acceptable
physical appearance but are also perceived as characterologically flawed..the halo effect, which
explains why attractive people are gratuitously assigned other valued attributes, can be seen to work
in reverse for the overweight who are instead attributed with deficits of character. (181)
The halo effect mentioned by DeJong and Kleck refers to individuals being perceived as having
socially desirable personality traits on the basis of desirable physical attributes, and thus
"gratuitously assigned other valued attributes." Conversely, an unattractive individual will be
perceived as having socially

A Dialogue Of Searching : Levinas And The Sexual Encounter
A Dialogue of Searching: Levinas and The Sexual Encounter
Patrick Cheatham
Presented at 8th Annual Psychology for the Other Conference, Seattle, WA
October 23, 2010
Sex has power. Sex has the capacity to change people's self–experiences, transform relationships,
and even challenge the societies in which we live. Sex sells. The history of advertising is rife with
associating sex with the non–sexual, so people will purchase a product or way of life. As in the case
of pornography and prostitution, sex sells itself. People will pay to have sex. People will pay to
watch sex. People will pay to experience the fantasy of sex and then have sex by themselves.
Sometimes, sex is treated like a secret that must be managed for the sake of propriety. In many parts
of the world, woman can be physically punished for just the implication of sexuality. At other times,
sex is treated as a self–evident, natural fact of human life. Magazines run articles discussing the top
ten sexual techniques to make your lover have an orgasm. Sex happens when people like each other,
and it even happens when they do not. Since sex can be many things to many people at many
different times, any phenomenology of sex must begin by addressing the potential foundational
elements of the experience. These elements must be common to a wide range of sexual experiences
and encounters, be they heterosexual, homosexual, and everything in between and otherwise. One
such foundational element of sexual

The Self Essay
The Self Every situation that an individual is exposed to throughout life, helps mold our "self." As
humans we have the ability to see ourselves from the outside, and all through life we try to see what
others see and our "self" revolves around the generalized other. We observe how others perceive us
and we make conclusions depending on our observations. How we act around others depends on the
image we feel they have towards us.
Charles Horton Cooley, a symbolic interactionist, concluded that our sense of "self" develops from
interactions with others. Cooley described this process as the ... Show more content on
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On the other hand if you see yourself as an individual who can communicate without a problem and
you see that you can keep others interested in a given conversations, your reaction is more positive.
Through this looking– glass self we develop a "self" concept. Depending on the observations we
make concerning the reactions of others we develop feelings and ideas about ourselves. The
reflection we see in the mirror is either negative or positive depending on the feedback we get back
from those around us. Misjudgments of the reactions of others become part of our "self" concept
also the misinterpretations of how others think of us. Self concepts begins in childhood but it
continues to develop throughout life. As we observe how other people react to us, we modify our
"self."
The "self" is never a finished project, and it continues to change as our life takes different turns. Our
"self" reacts to the environment that we are in. As the "self" expands we put together the different
reactions making us a unique individual. Every individual has a different way of thinking and
therefore they make their own choices about certain situations. Going through different life changes,
means the "self" is expected to change to accommodate the life stage we find our selves in. The way
we perceived things when

Zombies And Other Minds : Shaun Of The Dead
Name
Student number
TA
Date
Zombies and Other Minds Shaun of the Dead is a humorous take on the zombie movie genre, which
presents an interesting thought experiment that challenges our understanding of the mind. In the
movie, a character who is a friend of the protagonist, Ed, is bitten by a zombie and subsequently
turns into a zombie himself. At the end of the movie, it is revealed that Ed, or "Zombie Ed" as he is
now a zombie and therefore not necessarily the same person, if a person at all, is living in the
backyard of the protagonist. If Zombie Ed has no significant amount of mind, is this rational or
misplaced sentimentalism on the part of the protagonist? Could Zombie Ed be a different mind, or
does he simply not have a mind at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the case of Zombie Ed, substance dualism could maintain that he doesn 't have a mind because
the zombification process causes too much damage to the brain for it to work. On the other hand, it
could make a plausible case that Zombie Ed is now a different mind; substance dualism must accept
that brain states can have a causal influence on the mind (otherwise how do they coordinate to cause
behavior?), and a different brain implies at most different brain states entailing a different causal
influence on the mind. Identity theory maintains that mental states just are brain states (Lecture
notes). There is a correlation between what we perceive mentally and what we can observe
neurologically because we are observing mental states when we observe the brain. In the case of
Zombie Ed, this theory faces extraordinary difficulty resolving the question either way with
satisfaction. Zombie Ed does have a brain, albeit one greatly damaged since Ed underwent
zombification; if it accepts that Zombie Ed must have a mind because he has a brain, then how does
it discern brains? Our association of mental states with brain states is only because we have mental
states, not because we already knew there was something about the brain that had an immediate
causal influence on the mind somehow (for example, the ancient Egyptians thought the heart was
the source of mind). By identity theory we ought to be able to know that

Ethics And Infinity By Emmanuel Levinas
Ethics and Infinity by Emmanuel Levinas
The works of Emmanuel Levinas are considered to be hugely influential within the philosophical
disciplines of twentieth century ethics and existentialism, but unfortunately the convolution and
misrepresentation of his thinking often results in miscomprehension of his ideas. Totality and
Infinity: A Book on Exteriority is one of Levinas' earlier works (published in 1961 in French and
1969 in English) that has garnered much attention and praise from writers across a multitude of
disciplines (not just philosophy) for the fact that it deals with the widely–applicable subject of
relations toward and perception of the Other from the perspective of the self. Throughout the book,
the author demonstrates the manner in which subjectivity begins from the idea of perpetuity, and
how the infinite is an outcome of the correlation of self and Other. The main purpose of Levinas
work is to find out the dominance of the Other based on the epiphany of the face. According to his
work, infinite is the beginning or foundation of ethics and, he also declines any ethical
intellectualism. Levinas acknowledges the idea that not every human being is inherently ethical per
se but he or she is an aspiration of Others. Therefore, the remaining part of this paper will focus on
sexuality, which is one of the themes that the writer encountered Sexual encounter Sex is a powerful
act that has the ability to transform an individual's self experience, change

How Does Gogol Present The Other In The Night Before...
The 'other' as a demonic soul or devil: a fascination that prevails in certain 19th century Russian
literature, specifically with the tales of Nikolai Gogol. However, Gogol experiments with distinct
devilish characters for each individual tale. In "The Night Before Christmas," there is a physical
manifestation of a mediocre devil as well as sinful tendencies reflected within major characters and
the surrounding environment. "The Portrait" depicts the 'other' as the spirit of a deceitful and
subconscious altering professional complemented with punctuating eyes. Nevertheless, both tales
render the 'other's' purpose to that of meddling in personal lives. Gogol portrays the 'other' in the
traditional sense as a devil in "The Night Before Christmas." ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The 'other' is a moneylender who commissioned the memorialization of his soul within a portrait.
Gogol describes him as a deceitful character that veers those that borrow his money into rotten
individuals, who drift from their core beliefs. His portrait "simply stare[s]" (343) into the souls of
people and shakes them; the portrait's artist even assigns the label of "'The devil, the very devil!'"
(383) to it. This devil contains the demonic characteristic to muddle into the lives of the good and
transform them into lives of sin. To illustrate, an artist, who purchases the portrait on a curious
whim, with a good–natured disposition morphs after a period spent studying the gawking eyes. His
divine purpose to create pure, noble–souled art shivers, and he becomes tempted by the prospect of
wealth. Gogol explains, "Gold became his passion, his ideal, fear, delight, purpose" (368). The
divine natured artist subjects himself to the sins of vanity, pride, and greed and begins to destroy the
very thing he previously devoted his life to creating. Gogol's devil in this tale takes on the demonic
characteristics of corruption and deceit to emit a cautionary tale against the dangers of greed when it
comes to money. The devil's corruption also exploits the sins of the portrait's artist. Little did he
know that he painted the devil through the holiest of methods: art. This tale, in conjunction with
being a

Aging And Many Other Body And Mind System
and ageing and many other body and mind system.
The author starts with explaining that in the recent years, medicine accepts the fact that our body
cells are not only influenced by our habits and life styles but also by our emotions and personalities.
Therefore, it is not possible to gather knowledge about a disease that affect an individual, if it is
unknown that how that individual interacts socially, physically, spiritually and emotionally with the
environment. His description about how human body maintains the hormonal and chemical balance
is very amusing and does not bore the readers. He uses the word "homeostasis" that refers to
constancy through change. It is all about balance. For an example, when we suddenly stand, our
brain can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Running away from a lion is stressful for the zebras, but this very activity does not harm their
bodies. Hence, they quickly and easily recover from that state. Therefore, it can be stated that
though the human brain is more developed from the brains of the other mammals, it is always not a
boon for the human beings. Most of the animals including zebras live in a peaceful state. Though,
they have stress but their bodies are not affected by that in a negative way like a human being. The
book comes with valuable pieces of information that are not known to most of the general readers.
This enables the readers to know many effective information and effective management of stress.
As evident from the book, the ability of managing stress is not equal in all human beings. Some can
handle it better, while some cannot. There are reasons behind the difference of stress management
abilities of human beings. Information such as a child is at high risk of obesity and heart disease, if
the mother is not well nourished in the first trimester and malnutrition in the second or third
trimester may result in diabetes of the child. The book also informs that the people living in New
York tend to die of heart attacks more than anywhere else in the United States. The book contains
more such facts and information.
Commentary on the Book:
The title of the books grabs the attention of the readers. The very first glance at the book makes the
readers wonder about the connection between

The And American Culture : Facing The Other : Ethical...
Individuality in American Articles Horizons in Theory and American Culture : Facing the Other :
Ethical Disruption and the American Mind" by Linda Bolton, published in March 2010. The old,
classic, unforgotten articles have a lot to say about freedom and individuality, some through the
stories of others. These ideas from long ago explain how our country runs today. The author's thesis
is to reflect ethical dialogues that revisit six important moments in the archive of American letters,
as well as interrogate existing articles and it's interpretations to inform our culture of American
history. She bases her book on the idea that the most crucial concerns of ideals in the United States
starts and concludes with individuality. Letters from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Author Bolton's intent here is to suggest the ways in which Letters expects a move in nineteenth
century philosophy that communicates individuality through the representation of property, because
it initiates the basis of freedom. In Letter II, James confesses a "happiness" that is directly tied to his
"new situation: as the American Farmer, "possessing freedom of action, freedom of thoughts." The
"philosophy" of Farmer James is specifically linked to the recollection of a "system of rational laws
founded on freedom." In the aftermath of his encounter with the African in the tree, Farmer James
discovers that freedom is a philosophy of power, dependent on the relent of difference to the rule of
individual freedom. The next article the author interprets is Common Sense, written by Thomas
Paine in 1776. It 's arguments in the name of independence and it 's bold criticism of the tyranny of
government were remarkable elements of Thomas Paine 's radicalism. In Paine 's item, he says that
the government, rather than property, is where human beings suffer the loss of equality. He states,
"If the establishment of government–particularly a monarchy–disrupts human equality as the
original order of aceration, it represents an unequivocal sin against the scriptural command of
God..." In contrary, at no point does Paine question the freedom or humanity of an African. He
demands that even through the violence of slavery, enslaved Africans still holds proper

Analysis Of ' Totality And Infinity ' By Emmanuel Levinas
One of the greatest scholars of the twentieth century is Emmanuel Levinas, but the convolution of
his thinking prevents his work from spreading quickly. Totality and Infinity, a book on exteriority is
one of his articles that have been liked by many readers in the past and recent times. The writer
demonstrates the manner in which subjectivity begins from the idea of perpetuity, and how infinite
is an outcome of the correlation of self to other. The main purpose of Levinas work is to find out the
dominance of the Other based on the epiphany of the face. According to his work, infinite is the
beginning or foundation of ethics and, he also declines any ethical intellectualism. Levinas
acknowledges the idea that every human being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because sex can mean different things to different people, any phenomenology of sex should start
by tackling on possible foundational aspects of the experience (Levinas, 108). One the key aspect is
the idea that sexual practice consists of the relations that takes place between to individuals.
Naturally, sexual practice does not need the presence of a second party and in many cases, sexual
experience comprises of many individuals. On the other hand, even in a time when sex occurs
solitarily or among people within the same group, the encounter with another individual can
characterize the experience (Levinas, 108). For example individuals who practice masturbation do
that because of remembering the experience he had with a previous partner. In his work, Levinas
tend to argues that a real ethical relationship can only take place in a situation whereby the self
cannot spin the other into an object of comprehension (Levinas, 108). While not emphasizing
broadly on sex and sexuality, the writer in a few words explicated his opinions on the issue in late
part of this book, where he extended his idea of the face to face ethnic encounter to matter of Eros
and productiveness (Levinas, 108).
Encounter with the Other In the book Totality and Infinity, the writer started by illustrating the self
as a naturally egoist way of life (Levinas, 198). He indicated that

An Essay on "Otherness"
Nohemi Perea Task2/LCT1 8/01/2012 An individual labeled as the Other is different and does not fit
in. The Other is "perceived as lacking essential characteristics possessed by the group, the Other is
almost always seen as lesser or inferior being and is treated accordingly" (The Other, 2009). A group
sets guidelines and if a person does not meet them they will not be accepted as "normal". Otherness
to a group represents awkwardness. Although each person does have its own unique characteristics
to prevent from being labeled as the Other you must possess common characteristics within a group.
I read "This Is What It Means To Say Phoenix, Arizona" written by Sherman Alexie. It is about a
boy named Victor who lives on an Indian Reservation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though Thomas helped Victor in many ways Thomas is aware they cannot be friends after
coming back from Arizona. After their journey Thomas does not expect anything in return. Thomas
tells Victor, "I know you ain't going to treat me any better than you did before" (Alexie,1994). "I
know your friends would give you too much shit about it" (Alexie,1994). It is also apparent that the
author realizes it is not nice to treat people as Others but we still do. Even though Victor
seems to appreciate all the things Thomas has done for him it is not easy to accept him as a friend.
How would I deal with otherness? Each year teacher's get a new set of students these students all
bring diversity into the classroom. Unfortunately, not all diversity is welcomed. As a teacher I will
make it a priority to notice, identify and assist a student who is experiencing otherness. I will need to
pay attention to my students individually. This will enable me to notice any inferiority if any
amongst them. One thing I can absorb is their eye contact. If they tend to turn away or always have
their head down I know I have identified one who is experiencing otherness. I cannot assume they
are experiencing otherness. It is my responsibility to make my students feel comfortable. This will
make a line of communication between them and me. When I am positive a student is experiencing
otherness then I will go into

The Problem Of Other Minds
Problem of Other Minds
We all go through our life's as individuals. We are present in our life's at the time of our birth,
though we do not recall being there. We are present in our life's at the time of death. There have
thoughts and experiences of interacting with other objects, animals, and humans. But is this reality?
Can I be certain, without a doubt, of the credibility of my experiences? Are there other beings and if
so do these beings have conscious experiences? Furthermore, I will question that if these other
conscious beings do exist then are the experiences of these being similar to my experience and can I
observer these experiences to predict what the being is experiencing. Everyone has the experience of
interaction with another person. To be certain of the existence we perceive of theses experiential
beings that are human I must first prove, or assume, that my experiences are real. Let's assume that
my experiences of the world are not true. This world and everything in it would not exist. All my
experiences are just a phenomenon inside my head. I am not aware of what this would look like,
perhaps a computer program or a brain in a vat scenario. However, I can try to make sense of this. In
this world that does not exist. As I am typing this paper I see a table holding my computer up. That
is to say, I have the phenomenon of seeing a table, but as we have already established I do not really
see a table. Instead, I just seem to be seeing a table. Though I may be

Levinas vis-à-vis the Other Essay
Levinas vis–à–vis the Other
Philosophy, arising from its Greek tradition of a "love of wisdom", seeks to critically examine those
questions most fundamental to humankind; it is concerned with essential concepts (or rather,
questions) of being (metaphysics), rightness and goodness, knowledge, truth and beauty. As a
branch of metaphysics, ontology seeks, in particular, to understand the nature of being (or existence)
by placing objects within categories and organized totalities, while always assuming God as the first
cause (causa sui). (Rebidoux) Yet as most philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle and Descartes each
attest to their distinct definition of "being", there is an exception to these ontological contenders:
Emmanuel Levinas. By ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before evaluating Levinas' humanity–opening theories, however, it seems necessary to understand
the process by which one can come to know the initial Other. For before the subject can enter into a
just, fraternal relationship with the Other, he must be wholly prepared to welcome its face.
According to Levinas, before encountering the Other, one is in a sleeping state within the Order of
Being. Mundane and superficial, this Order allows only for categorization and objectification of
things. At this stage even animate objects are reduced to their formal properties: a cat, for example,
is classified according to its genus and species, recognized only as one instance of "cat"; a human,
similarly, is reduced simply to another instance of humanity. (Rebidoux, 26 Jan 2004)
It is from this state of perpetual sleep, Levinas orders, that one must awaken. Whilst sleeping within
the Order of Being, one is instinctually awoken by the Infinite. This Infinite, according to Levinas,
is a consciousness that occurs in revelation of the transcendence of the Other. (Rebidoux) The
Infinite emerge as an appearance of unending depth that overflows both

John Stuart Mill: The Skepticism Of Other Mind
The skepticism of other minds is the belief we only have access to our mind and other minds are
invisible also to assume that their minds are like ours. The other minds problem comes from a
philosophical problem from John Stuart Mill he created the analogical inference to other minds.
Descartes was the first on the disconnection of mind from the body and his view that only human's
animals had minds. Similar to Descartes, John Locke believed other people minds are invisible. The
problem of other minds is that as human beings we have our own ideas and minds separately from
anybody. By examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes, I could know
what I want or what I'm trying to believe. No one else could feel what ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Is impossible to look inside of your thoughts and feelings, but there is a way to find out what you
think by observing how you act, and what you say. I used three solutions to skepticism of other
minds by using the analogy argument which is knowing other people's minds by comparing it to our
own mind. The other solution is behaviorism which is observing other people behavior and
concluding knowing other people minds. The last solution that I used was the abduction, we could
know other people minds by their inputs and

Research On Cognitive Affective Processes
Intersubjectivity refers to the shared understanding between individuals (Göncü, 1993). Research
shows cognitive–affective processes help to develop intersubjectivity (Tronick & Cohn, 1989).
Similarly, in psychotherapeutic relationships, cognitive–affective processes are the building blocks
to the therapeutic alliance. A psychotherapeutic alliance constitutes the shared client–
psychotherapist relationship marked by mutual respect, caring and shared understanding of
therapeutic goals. If intersubjectivity is nurtured in the client–psychotherapist relationship, this can
lead to increased mutual understanding and goal achievement (as defined by the client) in
psychotherapy. In order to show that psychotherapeutic alliances can be fortified by applying
intersubjectivity to psychotherapeutic relationships, this paper is divided into four parts. First the
literature review opens with the origin and definition of intersubjectivity, including sections on
communication, affect, prolepsis and zone of proximal development (ZPD). The second section will
look at applications to psychotherapy. The third section will offer implications to the field and
finally concluding remarks will close with societal shifts that must be made to foster
intersubjectivity in psychotherapy.
Defining Intersubjectivity
Origin
Mother–infant interaction provides the starting point for intersubjectivity (Trevarthen, 1979).
Research has shown that infants as young as 3 months can shift focus and visual

Good Money And Bad Money
Throughout the novel, Self's personal life and moral squalor are refracted through the filter of his
film project. The project itself is one of Self's many attempts to double himself in the novel. Thus it
is not surprising that his life and the film project get constantly inter tangled. Caduta Massi,
approached to play the role of the mother, takes an immediate maternal interest in the motherless
Self, and literally succors him at her breast. Butch Beausoleil, sought for the part of the mistress,
embarrasses Self sexually in anticipation of Selina's later betrayal. And the revised plot of the film,
alternately titled Good Money and Bad Money, concludes with a scene of Oedipal violence that
anticipates Self's violent encounter with his father

Theme Of Imperialism In To Kill A Mockingbird
The other in the civil rights movement as represented in literature in harper lee's To Kill a
Mockingbird The world is created out of oppositions, divisions and separations between the one and
the Other. When people collide or meet, in that sense, in the meeting between different cultural
backgrounds they tend to define the others by defining themselves. Jacque Derrida puts it in his
essay Archive Fever: Freudian Impressions "every Other is every other Other, is altogether Other "
(p.77). Alternatively, as Harper lee sets it clearly in her novel To Kill a Mockingbird "you never
really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view ... until you climb inside
of his skin and walk around in It" (p.32)
It is always relevant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addressing this matter, writers often lean toward using binary oppositions to better highlight this
theme. What makes the American Canon striking and exceptional is its rich history and diversity.
Nevertheless, many writers risked alienation in writing about otherness but without their
contributions on subjects such as race, class, gender, and sexuality, the nation would face severe

Analysis Of 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens is like a book full of advice to help teenagers who are falling
and is in need of help. The book explains the goods and the bads of each everyday habit that teens
use. The book also gives you ideas and advice to help you start doing these habits the correct way.
There is 7 habits that are explained in the book, be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first
things first, think win–win, seek first to understand, then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen
the saw. I've learned a lot of things from the book like the more you listen the more you gather
information to state your own opinion, which i've been learned, and make sure to build relationships
with everyone so you can gain trust with that person. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens is a
good book for people who are in need of help and it can also make a big difference in life if you
follow and do what the habits say.
The first habit in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens is be proactive or being proactive. This
habit technically means to think before you do. What i'm trying to say is don't react to everything
that happens to you, like when a car cuts you off on the road, don't yell and scream at that driver,
just be calm and go on with your day. Be like water in a glass, water is calm and relaxed, but don't
be like a soda can that was shaken up by someone, because at some point it's going to build pressure
and explode just like an angry person who has anger issues.

The Self Reference Effect On Mother
The extensibility of the self–reference effect to mother
Organism used the sense of self to distinguish itself from the immediate external environment
(Neisser, 1988). The idea of 'extended self' suggested that the self was not limited to the body but
also incorporate with self–relevant information (Kim & Johnson 2012). The self–object associations
was developed as far back as early childhood, which showed that ownership was important in
cognition (Cunningham, Turk, Macdonald, & Macrae, 2008). Three research have investigated the
association between ownership and cognition. In the study done by Cunningham et al. (2008),
participants took part in a shopping experiment. They were required to move the stimulus items into
a basket owned by self or a basket owned by another participant. The memory for items in both
baskets was assessed. They found that participants were significantly recognized more of the objects
that moved to the self–owned basket than to the other–owned basket. The pattern of the
improvement in recognition memory was similar to the self–reference effect. The self–reference
effect suggested that information encoded with reference to 'self' enjoyed a memory advantage
compared with the information related to another person because of the enrichment in the
representations of the self–relevant objects, and hence the recognition and the memory was
improved (Cunningham et al., 2008).
In the study done by Kim and Johnson (2012), participants participated in the

The I-Other Duality
Zygmunt Bauman best describes the self/other duality where identities are set up in dichotomies in
this quote:
"Woman is the other of man, animal is the other of human, stranger is the other of native,
abnormality the other of norm, deviation the other of law–abiding, illness the other of health,
insanity the other of reason, lay public the other of the expert, foreigner the other of state subject,
enemy the other of friend."
The question of the Other – the one different from yourself and those similar to yourself – is ideal
for exploration within science fiction, which has always stretched the boundaries of what is possible
and imaginable. The Other can be different from the Self in its sex, income, language, race,
anatomy, etc., and Le Guin ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gethenians, being unique in the Hainish universe should by all accounts be the ultimate Other,
different in not only culture but in their physiology, but the Ekumen subverts the I–Other duality
metaphorized as androgyny , by sending the Envoy alone, isolated from his own world to experience
Gethen as an Other himself. Gethenians themselves struggle with the fear of the other in the face of
the Envoy and patriotism , but it is Genly Ai himself who undergoes the biggest change as he begins
to see Gethenians, and his comrade Estraven especially, as fellow human beings. In a scene on the
ice, after Estraven and Ai have become closer, they say good night to each other using first names,
and Ai is so alienated by the whole experience, that he describes them both as aliens as if he was a
third person narrator . The sense of slowly becoming equals matures even more when they discover
that they have similar motivations that made them exiles from their

Virginia Woolf's Theory Of Criticism, Poststructuralism...
Virginia Woolf seemed to think that something changed forever in society and in all of us after the
Great War. She claims nothing had changed; nothing was different. [...]Before the war, people would
have said the same things, but they would have sounded different (Woolf, 1929). She couldn't be
more right: most of the concepts that had hold the western world together for centuries were
drastically altered during the 20th Century, and Literature, as a reflection of the deepest fears and
desires of our human heart, changed with it. Around the year 1915, with Einstein's theory of
relativity, the ideas of time and space were subjectivized. From its cultural impact, this theory of
Relativity expanded to the moral realm opening the door to Relativism. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Postructuralism claims that the person is not an independent entity, introducing the notion of the
dissolved or constructed subject; that is, that an individual doesn't make him/herself: their Identity is
shaped by social and linguistic intertwined forces. Derrida argues that by deconstructing our
intellectual universe we obtain a universe with no absolutes, a decentered or relativistic Universe.
From this moment, since the new Relativistic Society cannot define us, Identity becomes an inner
process of negotiation where each individual develops their own image of themselves. Decaux
supports this idea with his conception of Identity as one's definition of the self. On the other hand,
Harré (Yardley&Honess, 1987) defends the idea of the self as a mode of personal organization
constructed through the grammatical properties of language, mode that is however not subjective or
belonging to an individual order but to a social or moral order. To him, 'person' is a social concept
and 'self' is the inner unity to which all personal experience belongs as attributes of a subject". Self–
structure is, therefore, a social

Chapter Questions On Non Material Culture
Catrina Parrott–Christopherson
Jolene Sundlie
Chapter 2 and 4 Homework Assignment
September 22nd, 2014
Chapter 2:
1. This was an example of Folkways because in the first segment of the eight, the natives showed
talked about how they do stuff in their island. While they were talking about coming to the U.S., I
saw the way they were all dressed by only covering their groin area and having the rest of their body
exposed especially their buttocks. Even the women only had their groin area cover not even the
breast area was cover. While they were getting ready to come to America, they realized that they
would have to wear clothes to cover their whole body and they were not use to that and the other
natives were laughing. This is part of a Folkway because it shows the way their culture is and how
they live day to day. 2. This is an example of Non–material Culture because in all the segments, you
can see that when the Natives talk about how they have chickens and a few pigs that they own and
that they feed off of the plants or stuff that they grow in the garden. Their custom idea that they have
in their culture is to have joy and peace and love. 3. This is a example of Cultural Diffusion because
when the Natives arrive to the ranch in Montana that they will be staying at for a while in segment 2
and 3, they see how the couple in Montana has different cultural elements than they do because the
women just don't do all the cooking, the men also help out the grown women told

Don Delillo White Noise
Ethical Relation in Don DeLillo's "White Noise": A Levinasian Approach
Abstract:
In his writings, Emmanuel Levinas has described "Face–to–Face" relation as a relation not reducible
to compression and believes it is this encounter of "the face" that puts responsibility to the other on
our shoulders and stops us from perusing selfish desires. In this essay through a Levinasian study of
Don DeLillo's "White Noise" I want to show, how the people of the society, in this work, are
inattentive to the "Face–to–Face" relation which, alongside their self–centered attitudes, leads the
protagonist to destructive actions, who finds comfort only after his realization of such relation with
the Other.
Keywords: Levinas, White Noise, Face–to–Face, The Other, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Under such influences, in chapter 8, Jack describes even the act of checking his balance in the bank
as: "what a pleasing interaction. I sensed that something of deep personal value, but not money, not
that at all, had been authenticated and confirmed...The system was invisible...But we were in accord,
at least for now. The networks, the circuits, the streams, the harmonies." However, as the story
proceeds, Jack's views to the life and the world around him

Other Minds Thomas Nagel Summary
As Thomas Nagel points out in his essay Other Minds, it is impossible to figure out who or what has
a conscious mind and to what extent it experiences things. Without having immediate access to other
minds, we can never know for certain the existence of other minds except for our own. The only
basis on which we can understand other people's experiences and minds is through observation and
testimony, but even those can only go so far as to provide an explanation. We can watch other
people and see through our own eyes how they experience certain situations, or they can tell us how
they experienced it. However, that does not mean that they, in fact, have a conscious mind. When we
observe other people, we can only judge their experience by their

Johannes Lindt The Other Essay
Within the realm of photography, the concept of "the Other" is frequently discussed especially in
conjunction with the notions of identity and the gaze. In this context, "the Other" refers to
individuals or groups that are not classified as normal or belonging due to some sort of fundamental
difference that exists between them and the observer. These differences can take the form of race,
nationality, religion, social class, gender, sexual orientation, and countless other characteristics, and
often being considered "Other" is rather derogatory. Not only does being considered "Other" alienate
or even exotify those being labeled as such, but creating this sort of division also functions to
reaffirm the identity of the dominant group doing the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lindt is best known for his images of native peoples from all around Australia and New Zealand
during the 1870s. Influenced largely by the Western colonialism of his time, Lindt took part in a
widespread enthusiasm for classifying the physical and cultural differences that existed between
foreign racial and social groups of people. His untitled photograph of an Australian Aboriginal man
holding an axe provides an excellent example of his style and motivations. The Aboriginal man that
Lindt used as his subject is dressed in a traditional loincloth type garment and he is strategically
posed with primitive and culture–specific artifacts such as his axe and a shield. His body is toned,
his skin is dark and weathered, and his hair and beard are wild and unkempt. The man is placed in
front of an artificial backdrop of rugged mountains and surrounded by native plants. The image feels
rather posed and sterile which supplements the fact that it was created to document what Aboriginal
people look like, dress like, and live like for classification purposes. He puts their "Otherness" on
display so that Western people can learn about them and visually experience their exoticism in a
manner that objectifies the person within the image and robs them of a certain element of their own
humanity. Instead of being portrayed as the man that he naturally is, Lindt turns the subject of his
photograph into an anthropological representation for the entire race of Aboriginal people which is
quite

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