Soc 1-4 Homework 5Tables.PRINTED –not handwritten - HARD COPY.docx

Soc 1-4 Homework 5:Tables.PRINTED –not handwritten -
HARD COPY NO TURNITIN
Due Monday 10/5/15 at the beginning of class. PRINTOUT
HARD COPY NO TURNITIN P.1
Format: Papers should contain a table and interpretation.
These may be on the same page or different
pages.
• The table MUST be PRINTED on a PRINTER.
• The writeup MUST be typed and printed, double-spaced with a
12-point font please. It may be
1 to 3 sentences or more, but overall it should be less than 250
words.
• If the table is on a different sheet of paper from your
interpretation, please staple or paper-clip
them together. Make sure your name is on both sheets.
I invite you to work together. However each person must
produce their own work. No copying and
pasting each other’s answers, please. Papers we judge to be the
same will receive 0.
Build a table
This assignment asks you to collect data, interpret them, and
then put them in a table and interpret the
table. You will need to know the following: variables,
attributes, independent variables, dependent
variables, percents and column percents. You will also need to
know how to read a bivariate table –
the instructions are presented in class, and are repeated on the
other side of this sheet.

The data we collected in class were in answer to the following
question:
Which of the following best describes you?
A. I am FEMALE and I HAVE bought marijuana from a dealer
B. I am FEMALE and I HAVE NOT bought marijuana from a
dealer
C. I am MALE and I HAVE bought marijuana from a dealer
D. I am MALE and I HAVE NOT bought marijuana from a
dealer
E. Even though I know this poll is anonymous, I respectfully
decline to answer
We collected data for answer E., but we will not be using it.
Please do not use the number from “E”
The data we collected are below. Do not simply reproduce this
thing! If you are downloading this
from ANGEL, I will post this same document you are reading
sometime Friday afternoon with
numbers filled in for your section.
1. Please make a table of these data. The table MUST be
produced using a computer, and printed
out. Please round to the nearest .1 (eg 45.05 rounds up to 45.1).
2. Please interpret the table. In 1 to 3 sentences, please
describe what is going on in this table.
Please do so in no more than 250 words.
Grades for this homework 5 will be assigned on the basis of
how well you follow the rules of table-
making (see the other side), and how correctly you interpret the
results. Tip: Simply be sure of your
independent and dependent variables, then use the table on the

other side of this paper as a model, and
you can’t go wrong (in building the table, anyway)!
A
B
C
D
46
70
63
38
10/2/15 Sociology 001: Table instructions: p.2
How to make a bivariate table, how to read it, with an example
Male Female Total
Should marijuana be made legal?
Yes 292 282 574
48.0 39.2 43.2
No 264 385 649
43.4 53.5 48.9
Don't Know 52 53 105
8.6 7.4 7.9
Total 608 720 1328
100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 3. Should marijuana be made legal, by
respondent's sex, General Social Survey, 2012

Sex
2. Dependent
variable in row
(GRASS)
5. Title the table: “Table X. Dependent
BY Independent”
(where “X” is the table number)
6. Label
Independent
variable values
in column
headers
7. Label
Dependent
variable
values in
row stub
9. Total Column
1. Independent variable in
column (SEX)

3. Cell Counts
AND
Column
Percentages.
4. Percentage
down column
(within
independent)
How to make a bivariate table: Summary of rules:
1. Independent variable in column
2. Dependent variable in row
3. Cell Counts AND Column Percentages
4. Percentages down column (within independent)
5. Title table, “Dependent BY Independent”
6. Label Independent variable values
7. Label Dependent variable values
8. Total Row
9. Total Column
How to read a bivariate table:
1. Numbers are interesting, but ultimately we care more about
percentages.
2. Calculate the percentage in the column, but read across the
row! This compares the
effect of increasing the value of the independent variable (SEX)
on each value of the
dependent variable (GRASS).
3. For example, read the row “Yes.” Note that 48.0 percent of
males answered “Yes,”

while 39.2 percent of females answered “Yes.” Gender
definitely influences whether or not
someone favors legalization: males are much more in favor (9
percentage points).
As one of the largest daily commodity production enterprises
around the world, people have the tendency to pay attention to
the company‘s production energy consumption, environmental
pollution, and the product‘s packaging with higher expectations.
Procter and Gamble, because of this increased awareness, now
organizes a program that is called ―Change that Matters. The
program covers four parts in doing business ethically; this
includes environmental sustainability, social responsibility,
employees, and stakeholders. The main ethical dilemmas that
Procter and Gamble faces in regards to the above would be
environmental pollution and energy consumption.
Environmental Pollution is their first challenge.
Environment damaging stack effect goes along with the large
production gross of P&G. In general, the raw material for the
products contains a large number of environmental hormones.
According to studies, the amount of their emissions of chemical
species may be breathtaking. That may cause great pollution.
However, since many years ago, P&G has been making
continuous research for the green and low contamination of the
products. Apart from that, P&G devote to make the
environmentally friendly process for their manufacture,
supplying chain, as well as logistics. They apply smart eco-
design in manufacturing, more sustainable design to reduce
waste during transportation, and making scorecard system for
their suppliers aiming to help reducing environment pollution in
their supplying chain.
Energy Consumption are the second challenges.
As scientist discovered, the energy saving and the emission
reduction is mainly embodied in the production line, P & G has
to take the resource problems into consideration in the

production process. For instance, they have to save water and
electricity, but that may influence their productivity. On the
other hand, energy-saving technology costs are high. First, they
keep the materials from disposal by devising creative
alternative uses. Second, they have made a Sustainable
development plan which includes 100% the use of sustainable
energy production, and zero waste landfill. Third, they are
taking actions to collecting rain water for supplying plant
landscape water, and maximize the use of natural light and solar
energy.
Having an innovative culture has actively helped Procter &
Gamble develop and transfer technologies and bring new
products to market. For over 170 years P&G has been in
continuous operation in the consumer products industry,
growing to become a multi-billion dollar global corporation.
P&G has pioneered a series of strategic innovations that have
sustained its competitive advantage in a number of highly
contested market spaces. P&G has five key strategic
innovations: direct to consumer advertising, direct product
distribution, marketing research, brand management, and
technological and product innovation.
Porter argues that a competitive advantage strategy of both cost
leadership and differentiation is impossible to sustain. Overall
cost leadership requires firms to develop policies aimed at
becoming and remaining the lowest-cost producer and/or
distributor in the industry. The low-cost leader gains
competitive advantage by getting its costs of production or
distribution lower than those of the other firms in its market.
Differentiating the product or service, requires a firm to create
something about its product or service that is perceived as
unique throughout the industry. I would argue that Porter’s
argument does not apply to P&G. P&G’s brand and product
innovations drive category market growth, which creates value
for P&G’s retail customers and suppliers. Innovative new

products earned Procter & Gamble five of the top 10 spots on
the IRI New Product Pacesetters™ ranking of the most
successful non-food product launches of 2014.
Running head: EXECUTIVE MEMO
1
EXECUTIVE MEMO
5
u03a1: Strategic Fit of the Firm Assessment
Demetrius Price
MBA6024
Organizational Strategy
9656 Barlow Road
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060
Telephone: 910-987-2621
Email: [email protected]
Instructor: Dr. Vincent DeFazio
Date: 13 September 2015
Date: 13 September, 2015
To: Terri Bell, Vice President of Strategy

From: Demetrius R. Price
CC: Vincent DeFazio, DM
Subject: Procter & Gamble Strategic Fit Assessment
Executive Summary
P&G is an international company that has been in existence for
a very long time. It is the largest producer of household goods
and prides itself of having consumers from over 180 countries.
The organization’s competitive advantage is differentiation. It
is able to make unique products that can be told apart from
those of its competitors. The company does this by branding. In
addition, it is also innovative since it has created a lot of
products. It also has good employees who work round the clock
to ensure that the customers are satisfied. The firm’s corporate
structure and the employees all work together for the success of
the company.
Business Strategy
Procter and Gamble use differentiation as one of their
competitive advantage strategies. The firm uses the tangible
kind of differentiation. The products that they manufacture are
differentiated from those of their competitors. The company
packages their products in attractive material. Moreover, it also
ensure that all their products are packaged according to size and
many colors are used in the packaging material. The firm also
deals in a wide range of variety of consumer goods. This form
of diversifications also plays a major role in providing a
competitive advantage. In addition, the organization has been in
existence for so long and consumers have trusted them with
production of quality products. This has also provided the
company with a competitive edge. The business is an
international organization that operates round the globe. It is
innovative and manufactures products that consumers need in

their houses. Their products are of high quality and this makes
consumers to keep coming back for more. Furthermore, the firm
charges fair prices. These prices generate adequate revenue for
the firm and makes consumers happy.
Strategic Fit with the Goals and Values of the Firm
P&G has been in operation for a very long term. The company
has goals that give rise to new ones once the previous objectives
have been achieved. The organization aims at ensuring that they
provide quality products and services that will be enhance the
lives of consumers for a long time (Admin, 2014). This is done
by ensuring that they are innovative and that their products suit
the needs of customers. They firm’s intention is to design
products that delight customers (Staff, 2014). Moreover, the
company also aim at conserving the environment and making
the world a better place. It plans on using renewable energy in
the plants and renewable and recyclable materials in packaging
(Staff, 2014). The company is founded on the value of doing the
right thing. This can be evidenced from the way they treat their
employees with respect (Staff, 2014). The firm also offers
competitive wages to its employees. In addition it also offers
excellent financial stewardship to its shareholders (Staff, 2014).
There is ample distribution of profits in the organization. The
needs of the employees and those of shareholders are balanced
because the firm avoids conflict of interest. It does not
prioritize the needs of either one of them. This ensures that
business goes on smoothly.
Strategic Fit with the Resources and Capabilities of the Firm
P&G is a firm whose competitive advantage is Differentiation.
The firm has various ways that they differentiate their products
so as to make them unique. The organization also attempts to
take advantage of innovation and efficiency. The company is
ingenious and invents new products now and then. It relies on
two forms of innovation, both brand innovation and business
innovation. As a result, the firm’s customers have a wide range
of products and services to choose from. In addition, it also
endeavors to make use of its international status in order to

satisfy its customers who are in over 180 countries (Admin,
2014). The firm invests in highly trained employees who are
innovative and ready to work under minimal supervision. It also
invests in huger plants that have high tech machines that are
used in the manufacture of the products. Moreover, the firm
ensures that they keep their employees happy by offering them
competitive salaries and treating them with respect. For this
reason, the employees work hard to maintain the organization’s
image and treat customer’s in the right way. P&G has investors
who fund the activities of the company. These are the
shareholders. The funds are used in the proper way and the firm
ensures that it generate revenue and maximizes on profits. In
turn, the shareholders get a piece of the pie when they are given
dividends.
Organizational structure and Management systems
Procter and Gamble’s corporate governance is made up of the
management, shareholders, and a board of governance. The
employees are the next in line and they are responsible for
making the firm operational. P&G is a team based organization
where they all work together towards a common goal which is
ensuring customer satisfaction and generation of revenue. Both
the stakeholders and shareholders are considered in the success
of the business. The employees also share in the profits. The
organization allows the employees to have a share in the profits.
This move was meant to motivate them to generate revenue.
Segregation of duties is a one of the primary activities of the
company. Each employee given instructions and they know the
role they have to play. There are written policies and procedures
that are followed by everyone. Communications is transparent
and to the necessary individuals.
Preliminary Findings and Conclusions
P&G relies heavily on differentiation in order to make unique
laundry and personal care products for the target market.
Branding and making exclusive products to suit customer taste
and needs is what keeps the firm afloat. Furthermore, the firm
has managed to sell its products through some of the largest

chain stores such as Walmart. However, the company is losing
its market share and experiencing dwindling profits because of
competition from similar businesses.
References
Admin, P. a. (2014). Proctor and Gamble Corporation.
Retrieved from Proctor and Gamble Corporation Website:
http://www.pg.com/en_US/index.shtml
Manktelow, J. (1996-2015). Mind Tools Corporation. Retrieved
from Mind Tools Corporation Website:
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_66.htm
Staff, P. a. (2014). Proctor and Gamble Corporation. Retrieved
from Proctor and Gamble Corporation Website:
http://www.pg.com/en_US/sustainability/social_responsibility/i
ndex.shtml

Running head: Industry Environment
1
Industry Environment
5
u04a1: Strategic Fit with the Industry Environment Assessment
Demetrius Price
MBA6024
Organizational Strategy
9656 Barlow Road
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060
Telephone: 910-987-2621
Email: [email protected]
Instructor: Dr. Vincent DeFazio
Date: 21 September 2015
Date: 21 September, 2015
To: Terri Bell, Vice President of Strategy
From: Demetrius R. Price
CC: Vincent DeFazio, DM

Subject: Procter & Gamble Industry Environment Assessment
Competitive analysis of Proctor and Gamble
Analysis of Proctor and Gamble (P&G) shows advantages
in the sales they obtain due to their sales strategies of enabling
their household products to be sold globally. The sales of
products in different regions expose the company and market it
into a bigger brand. This builds the name of the company to
bigger and wider scopes and influences more people. P&G has a
range of products from skin care products to food and even
cosmetics. This increases the market competition globally
because of the many companies that manufacture this product
globally (Leavy, 2013).
The industries conditions are shaped through political,
economic, social and technological factors. The most
competitive forces those are most intense in the firm according
to the Porter’s Five Forces are threats of substitutes and the
threat of competition. New products arise in the market every
time; these products may be better and more effective than
those in the market initially. This new product overshadows the
initial product and replaces them. It poses a threat to P&G.
Strategic position and direction of Proctor and Gamble
P&G company strategy is to have global recognition of all
their products and to be approved by all, in all regions in the
world. The strategy is to renew their products and manufacture
better products that are outstanding in the current market. To
make products those are attractive and acceptable to the
customers at all levels. P&G participates in a wide sphere of
products; Cosmetics, food, and even body cream products.
P&G also introduced new products in the market like disposable
diapers and synthetic detergents and even fluoride toothpaste.
These are products for everyday use that has to be used on a
daily basis. This is their market strategy. The buyer's purchase
criterion is through online sale, wholesale or retail on the

grounds level. For competition purposes, the position and
location outplayed by P&G are good in terms of marketing in a
global scope and the target range is fine. The direction should
not be altered (Staff, 2014).
Proctor and Gamble strategic fit to competition, suppliers, and
customers
To curb competition, P&G uses the Porter’s Five factors to
regulate their products in the market and to monitor the amount
of competition in the market regarding products. P&G
marketing strategy is beneficial and very good. The idea of
distributing the products all over the world and investing in
both media and other forms of marketing globally has helped to
curb competition as a factor. By improving the product, they
ensure relevance in the current market all the time and curb
replacement of products.
Suppliers are in large scale, the whole sale to supermarkets and
all large stores all over the world and distribution to small
stores for retail for the lay person to get access to their
products. This is an advantage to the company as it takes the
product to the people. The consumers can easily access the
product from their home region due to the distribution done by
the P&G staff (Admin, 2014)
Organizational structure and management of Proctor and
Gamble
Due to diversification, the prices of the P&G products are
standardized according to the locality and the region. In areas
where there is inflation, the prices of the products inflate and in
the areas where there is change in currency, the company
regulates the prices of the products to a favorably fair price
affordable to the customers. The prices are standardized to
benefit the consumer; however it does not reduce the prices too
low to hurt the company and the manufacture of new products.
Products are of high standards regardless of the pricings.
The value of the product matters to P&G. This is done by

studying the market dynamics of each market they venture into
and applying different strategies to be highly competitive. The
happiness of the staff is also a key factor that the management
ensures it has put in place. When the employees are satisfied,
carrying out their allocated duties becomes easy, and they can
identify with the philosophy, values and goals, in the long run,
ensuring longevity and reduced turnover (Leavy, 2013).
References
Admin, P. A. (2014). Proctor and Gamble Corporation.
Retrieved from Proctor and Gamble Corporation Website:
http://www.pg.com/en_US/index.shtml
Leavy, B. (2013). Where to play and how to win–strategy
fundamentals the Procter & Gamble way. Strategy &
Leadership, 41(5), 7-16.
Staff, P. A. (2014). Proctor and Gamble Corporation. Retrieved
from Proctor and Gamble Corporation Website:
http://www.pg.com/en_US/sustainability/social_responsibi
lity/index.shtml
Diversification is one key area I outlined previously as an area

of concern for P&G. Adopting a multi-brand approach does
mean that P&G is practically everywhere in everybody’s lives –
that has its advantages, as evident in P&G’s strong numbers in
many markets. However, being everywhere at one time could
well dilute P&G’s identity in the eyes of the consumer. To the
average consumer, P&G is remembered as a multinational
conglomerate that “makes many household items we use”. The
sheer number makes it difficult for one to associate brands with
P&G. The lack of identity may lead to low brand equity, with
consumers failing to understand the values of the P&G brand
positioning. Huge diversification has resulted in P&G’s market
leadership in many markets, but with that it has lost the ability
to build a strong, singular identity.
Being a market leader with such a diverse portfolio, P&G has
been inflexible due to the size of its organization and extensive
bureaucracy in shifting to emerging markets. This ill-timed shift
in focus means that P&G forgoes the opportunity to engage in
either a market development strategy (selling existing products
to new markets), or a diversification strategy (new innovative
products brought into new and growing markets). To make up
for this strategic product-mix mismatch, P&G has to reposition
their products and increase decentralization of management,
ensuring that they have the required marketing intelligence, in
order to better understand and customize for the local needs and
preferences of each emerging market. Despite efforts that have
been made to penetrate these markets, with sales developing
from markets making up 37% of P&G total sales in 2012. Lack
of price sensitivity also hampers the company’s long term
growth, most fiscally conscious consumers will begin to look
for the same product from a cheaper competitor.
The COMPREHENSIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIC
ASSESSMENT is explained in detail in Terry Bell’s assignment
introduction, Unit 6. I suggest you refer to it to ensure you

have addressed the expectations of the VP in your assessment.
Below are some hints on how to organize your paper.
1. Use a memo-title page format consistent with the other
reports to the VP.
2. The Executive Summary can include the expectations
articulated by the VP in the assignment introduction.
3. APA citations and reference page requirements remain the
same.
Please use topic headers that correspond to the grading criteria
for the report, but don’t use verbatim, the criteria as your topic
header. Below are some hints for the 4 topic headers and
content of each topic.
· Strategic Issues – summarize the issues from the previous
reports, and refer to it to avoid too much detail. Analyze what
issues are important or critical to a successful strategy (see
figure 1.4 in the text) and explain your rationale with clear,
persuasive arguments. Recall the essence of Unit 5 DQ’s and
sure to call out and analyze the ones for which
recommendations are required per the grading criteria (see
below).
· Recommendations for Significant Organizational Impact
Issues – these recommendations relate to issues with the
strategic position and direction of the firm, a criteria in U4a1.
· Recommendations for significant Competitive Advantage
Issues. – These recommendation relate to the sustainability of
the firms competitive advantage (business) strategy. This was
addressed in a DQ and in U3a1, and evaluation of how the firms
structure and systems support its capabilities…a distinguished
rating criteria.
· Recommendations to mitigate Ethical Dilemmas. – These

recommendations relate to the goals and the values that guide
strategic decisions. This was a criteria in U3a1, and the subject
of a DQ.
As always I will grade strictly according to the criteria. Don’t
hesitate to contact me with questions or concerns.
Dr. DeFazio

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