The Four African Americans Artist

The Four African Americans Artist
Enslaved as well as free African Americans pursued opportunities to create poetry, paintings, sculpture, and other forms of artistic self–expression.
Many, of course, had to create their opportunities to create. In my paper I will compare and contrast a few artist lives and works of art. The four
African Americans artist I will talk about are Robert S. Duncanson, Edward M. Bannister, Mary Edmonia Lewis, and Henry Ossawa Tanner–three
free–born and one a freed slave.
The tensions between an art that referred to people's social conditions and an art that transcended race and class politics are represented by the works of
two artists active during the 1860s and 1870s: sculptor Mary Edmonia Lewis and landscape painter Robert S. Duncanson.
Mary Edmonia Lewis's father was a free African–American and her mother a Chippewa Indian. She was an exhibitor at the Centennial Exposition in
Philadelphia in 1876 and was the first African American and Native American woman in the United Sates to gain widespread recognition as an artist
and also the first African American and Native American in the United States to gain an international reputation as a sculptor. Lewis studied art at
Oberlin College, independently in Boston, Massachusetts, and among American and British expatriates in Italy. She used the artistic conventions of
neoclassicism to create powerful marble statuary on the subjects of black American emancipation, female oppression, and Native Americans. Lewis's
work is
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Essay on Contemporary Uses: The Pennsylvania State Capitol
Contemporary Uses:
The Pennsylvania State Capitol Pennsylvania has a wide variety of beautiful historical buildings that reflect many different styles of architecture. They
include historical homes, unique covered bridges, government buildings, and breathtaking churches. Some of Pennsylvania's most recognized
examples of great architecture are Frank Lloyd Wright's "Fallingwater" and The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts located in Philadelphia. However,
the one building that I think of when it comes to great architecture is The Pennsylvania State Capitol. The Pennsylvania State Capitol building, located
in Harrisburg, is a great example that represents a variety of architectural elements and a rich history.
The interesting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Philadelphia architect, Joseph M. Huston, won the competition and began new construction in 1904. The third building was completed in 1906, and
was declared "the most beautiful state Capitol in the nation," by President Theodore Roosevelt. The total cost to build and furnish the building was
$12 million, which was much higher than the anticipated cost of $4 million ("Capitol"). Today's Capitol is an example of classic renaissance style.
Vermont granite covers the exterior of the five–story building and the roof is made of a green glazed tile. The building is 520 feet long and 254 feet
wide and covers approximately 2 acres of land. The Capitol's centerpiece is the spectacular dome, which was inspired by Michelangelo's design for St.
Peter's Basilica in Rome. The dome illuminates at night with the help of the 48 portholes and floodlights in the roof ("Capitol"). Joseph Huston
believed that Pennsylvania's Capitol was a public building that belonged to the Commonwealth's citizens. He wanted this establishment to display
different forms of art that highlighted Pennsylvania's history. This was achieved by incorporating the works of some of the nation's greatest artists and
craftsmen, which included Henry Chapman Mercer, Edwin Austin Abbey, Violet Oakley, William V. Van Ingen, George Gray Benard, and Rolan
Hinton Perry ("Capitol"). The front doors of the Capitol are casted from bronze and ornately decorated with symbols of

Henry Ossawa Tanners Influence On African Americans
Henry Ossawa Tanner was born in 1859 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and is best known for being a successful African American painter during a time
in which that was rare. He changed how African Americans were seen in art and he branched out and changed what people would consider to be
paintings done by African Americans. He enrolled at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1879, he was the first African American there and
attended fulltime. There was a lot of prejudice and racism happening while Tanner was at school. In one incident, some students tied his hands and feet
to his easel and put him in the street as a public crucifixion. After this, Tanner continued to go to the school on and off for a couple years but in 1891
Tanner set out... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was really the first artist that portrayed African Americans both in a dignified and sympathetic way. He gave the figures character and something to
identify with rather than the general stereotypical images of African Americans as cheerful "coons" or dancing "darkey" with a cartoonish effect. He
paints the African Americans as individuals and references to real people and places in actual time. Manyblack people appreciated him for countering
the normal images of African Americans, and saw him as the new visionary for black culture and art. It was very easy to associate and assume an
African American painter painted an African American genre scene he did not want the color of his skin to dictate what he could and could not paint
and what success he could achieve. He moved on to religion an area that was not associated with African American painters and thought he could have
some success in. Henry The Annunciation was Tanner's first work to go into any American museum and the first African American in the Philadelphia
Museum of Art. Ossawa Tanner became the first African American painter to have a work in the White House collection of which is Sand Dunes at
Sunset, Atlantic City c.

Martin Puryar Research Paper Outline
William Caldwell Sondra E. Martin Contemporary Art 363–01 19 November 2015 Martin Puryear : Artist Martin Puryear is an American Artist from
Washington DC, who is known for his sculptures, architecture, and craft. His idea was to have functions between fine art and craft that reflected ones
creativity. Martin Puryear graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1963 from Catholic University which, he later joined the Peace Corps teaching
for two years, and by 1966 Puryear entered a printmaking program in Stockholm, Sweden, called the Swedish Royal Academy of Art, where he came
across his true passion in art, with the inspiration and influences of James Krenov. Puryear later returned to the states in 1969 to study sculpture at Yale
University... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2004. "Puryear, Martin 1941–." Encyclopedia.com. High Beam Research, 2004. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. "Guggenheim." Collection Online. Web. 19 Nov.
2015. Cotter, Holland. "Martin Puryear." The New York Times. The New York Times, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. Puryear, Martin, and Amada
Cruz. Martin Puryear. Washington, D.C.: [Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden], 1992. Print. (Jonathan Goodman) wrote an art critic in 1995
(Quote) "It is Puryear's combination of enigma and skill that makes him so strong an artist." Martin–puryear." Http://biography.yourdictionary.com
/martin–puryear. The Gale Group, Inc, 2010. Web. 18 Nov. 2015 ( Martin Puryear) quote " I want to make objects that somehow have their own
history and their own reason for being and their own sense of themselves, I'm not concerned just with the object's formal meaning , although it should
be an intelligible artifact , a thing of one's own culture and time. It's equally crucial that there exist in the work a recognition of the make of who I am."
Manheim, James. "Puryear, Martin 1941–." Contemporary Black Biography. 2004. Encyclopedia.com.19 Nov. 2015

The Beauty Of Motherhood And Breastfeeding
In this paper I will evaluate two artworks that share the same theme of "motherhood and breastfeeding." In the last few years, the sexualization of
breastfeeding has become a big issue. This is due to people see breast as sexual objects and think that women are being exhibitionist, and are doing it
just to flaunt their breasts in public. Breastfeeding mothers are faced with the public criticism as they struggle to breastfeed their child, although it is the
most natural and healthy method of feeding. The first artwork is by Mary Cassatt and is titled Mother Rose Nursing her Child. This painting was
created in the 1900s and it depicts a woman breastfeeding her child. The second piece is a contemporary portrait created by Catherine Opie titled
Self–Portrait Nursing. The portrait depicts a modern mother also nursing her child. When comparing both of these pieces of art I plan to focus on
the beauty of motherhood and the bond between mother and child. In this paper I will discuss the social issue of mother's being criticized for
breastfeeding in public. Now more than ever women's breasts are being overly sexualized when they are not a sexual organ, but in fact a part of their
body used to feed another human being. Mary Stevenson Cassatt (May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She lived
most of her adult life in France. She was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, which is now part of Pittsburgh. She began studying painting at the
Pennsylvania

The Impact Of Photography On The 19th Century
Name:
Title:
Institution:
Thesis Statement
Painting is a workmanship that has existed since 16th century. Different spots leads by Philadelphia have the accumulations of craftsmanship painting
that reflects occasions that have occurred, individuals and society. All work of art shows impact from the general public in which the specialists live,
the materials accessible to them, and also the innovation of their times. Ancient man utilized cavern dividers as ground and shades produced using
ocher, and his topic was impacted by superstition and nature. Throughout the history of Philadelphia, painting as an art has advanced and there are
plenty of collections of gallery artistic pictures belonging to most peculiar artists such as Charles Willson Peale and Benjamin West.
Introduction
The late eighteenth century introduced the Industrial Revolution. Craftsmen in Western countries in this period profited from a surge in innovative
advancement with paint in tubes and also from a more assorted customer base found inside the inexorably well off white collar class. Generally as
altogether, the improvement of photography impacted workmanship in the second a large portion of the nineteenth century. The cam 's impact was
obvious in the visual qualities of sketches, the topic, and the effective course in which specialists had the capacity take their inventive visions (Barker,
1999).
Most genuine collectors in Philadelphia were more disposed to gain representation or verifiable canvases

Beyond Boundaries Analysis
Within two hexagonal galleries in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the Beyond Boundaries collection is composed of all female artist or
works which express a feminine worldview. These artworks range from the early 20th century to the modern era in time and consist of a variety of
traditional and non–traditional mediums, from painting and sculpting to the altercations of everyday objects. Through these individual works and their
constellations, which help organize and explain the subjects displayed, the exhibit means to question society's relationship with gender and if the gender
of the artist influences how their work is seen and analyzed.
Taking a short walk across the hall, PAFA also has a small gallery dedicated to paintings by women from the late 19th century. Analyzing both the works
within Beyond Boundaries and this alternative collection of female works helped me confirm that this debate on gender influencing art is held with the
context in which the work is presented as much as the artist intention.
At first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this piece walker uses the commonplace household glass jars to display etched images of slave narratives, drawing connection the everyday food
products with history of exploitation. Some works have no inherent female or intersectional qualities, such as the abstracted landscape by Kay Walking
Stick titled Cosmic Revenant, displaying her inspiration through nature within her artwork.
While one painting shows the artist intersectional–feminist history, the other shows the artist musings and inspiration, but what is unique and special
about these works still being displayed in an all feminine gallery is that these experiences and inspirations are shown as a part of their unique
worldview. The two works may not require the context, but they are greatly enhanced as a part of the artist life because of the

Pennsylvania Academy Of Fine Arts: Museum Analysis
For our PEX Project, we visit the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. This museum is the oldest art museum in Philadelphia and is full of beautiful
sculptures, paintings, and everything in between. It was very interesting to take the time to observe the employees' approach to relay the stories,
history, and meanings of the artwork to us in both an interesting and impactful way. The overall environment of themuseum was very calm, quiet, and
welcoming. At times it became a bit awkward to talk too loudly to one another because of how empty the museum was. Only two other individuals
were at the museum while we were there, therefore, not many employees were around. Although, the employees that we did have very short
encounters with made sure not to overbear us or be too assertive, they knew when to ask questions and when to approach us to offer help. This makes
complete sense because the ultimate goal of the employees was to answer questions and explain artwork at the visitors' discretion. Different employees
were more educated on specific rooms and art pieces. This allowed us to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her communication style to explain this to us was extremely effective and in–depth. She also made sure to use hand gestures and hold eye contact the
entire time. The communication was particularly effective because she used storytelling techniques to explain the concept of "salon style" hanging to
us. After examining the way she spoke to us, it was evident that she was a dolphin communicator. This employee made it a priority to maintain a
listening vs. talking balance throughout the entire conversation. Ultimately, it was a transactional conversation between the employee and the three of
us. Although, a second conversation we had with a second employee was not

Mary Cassatt's Influence On Mary Cassat
Mary Cassatt was born in 1844 to a wealthy family with six other siblings. During her life span she learned from any famous artist, and was a
phenomenal painter herself. She went through some hard situation and historical events. Each of these instances led her to paint about women and
their children such as the painting Maternite which is a painting of a woman nursing her child this was a typical painting for Mary Cassatt. Mary was
also big on representing women's suffrage which took place before, during, and after the Gilded Age.
Mary was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. Her father was Robert Cassat, he was a stockbroker and land Speculator, a very successful one at that.
Her mother, Katherine Kelso Johnston came from a banking family. Her family was very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other things that had an influence on her was the Civil War, the women's suffrage movement, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and Ecole des
Beaux–Art school in Paris. Her father did not want her to be a professional painter, he wanted her to be more or less a housewife. I believe this was
one of the major regions she felt tied to the women's suffrage movement. She wanted to do and be who she wanted without being discriminated by
men such as her father. One painting that represents this belief is The Mandolin Player, It depicts the portrait of a young girl playing a Mandolin
but I believe it has a deeper meaning almost as if it a picture of Mary Cassatt at a young age just beginning to learn her passion and focusing solely
on it. I believe she also would have wanted equal opportunities for women. Each of her teacher such as Charles Chaplin help to hone her painting
skills, making her dream possible and also giving her a way to contribute to the women's suffrage

Andy Warhol Research Paper
In the 1960's Andy Warhol was a famous pop artist. He was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and died on February 22, 1987 in
New York City, New York. Some of Andy Warhol's influences in art were, Jean
–Michel Basquiat, Robert Rauschenberg, and Jasper Johns. Some
movies that Andy Warhol starred in were, Chelsea Girls, Sleep, and Empire. Campbell's Soup Cans, Marilyn Diptych, and Eight Elvises are some of
his famous artworks. Julia and Andrej Warhola, had a son on August 6 named Andy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Andy Warhol was the youngest child
born to his parents. The names of his two older brothers were Paul and John. In his younger years, Andy went through a lot of health issues.
'Sydenham's Chorea'... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He blames his struggles from his childhood for shaping up his personality. After all the struggle, Andy finally managed to graduate from the 'Schenley
High School' in 1945. He later attended the 'Carnegie Institute of Technology' and pursued a Bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. Andy specialized in
Pictorial Design during this 4–year course. In 1949, Andy Warhol relocated to New York after completing his degree.He became known in the
industry by his advertising and illustrations. A lot of attention was given to his shoe advertisements and his illustrations within New York's advertising
circles. The music label 'RCA Records' helped the growing reputation of Andy Warhol. It caught the eyes of the music company. Few other artists
were hired by the music label to design the covers of the various albums. He was one of the very few artists to grab the attention of the "Silk Screen"
printmaking process in the 1950's decade. He had earned enough money by 1960 through his advertisement commitments, purchasing a 4–story
building, so that he could display his art on the walls of the building. This unfinished, unconventional look helped him receive a lot of
acknowlodgement. During the

Sketch Of Anne And Her Nurse By Mary Cassatt
Sketch of Anne and Her Nurse by Mary Cassatt is an impressionism style artwork. It is an oil and canvas painting, done in 1897. This artwork is
currently on display at the Portland Museum of Art (Portland Museum of Art, 2017). Impressionism is a 19th century artistic movement founded in
Paris by a few artists. Mary Cassatt spent most of her adulthood in France and was one of the known artists in the Impressionist movement.
Impressionists faced criticism at first, as it was considered a radical departure from tradition. They were looked down upon and rejected by academic
institutions, which had great power over the careers of artists. Despite the criticism they received, they were not distracted; their goals were to promote
and influence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mary Cassatt graduated high school in 1861 at the age of seventeen. Drawing was her passion, with a failed attempted to convince her father to send
her to Europe to study art; she started her studies in art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Her father had hopes that once she finished her
studies, she would settle down getting married and start a family of her own. Cassatt completed her four years of study at the Pennsylvania Academy
of Fine Arts in 1865; during that time period it was unheard of for a young woman to become a professional artist, in this male dominant filed
(Witkoski, 2016). Cassatt was a very modern thinking woman for her time and after her studies at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, she
successfully convinced her father that she needed to learn more in Europe (Stafford PTSA, 2017).
Cassatt was one of the most respected American art students in France by 1868, but the Franco–Prussian War forced her to return to the America.
Being back in the America she struggled to fine proper art supplies, models or a studio, an opportunity to return to Europe arose by a chance meeting
with the Catholic Bishop of Pittsburgh. She traveled to in Italy in 1871, as she was commissioned to copy two of Antonio Correggio paintings for a
Cathedral in Pittsburgh (Stafford PTSA, 2017). She spent several years traveling through Holland, Belgium and Spain, eventually making her way back

Pennsylvania Musical Arts
Central Pennsylvania, and specifically, the Harrisburg area, is full of many potentially bright minds who unfortunately can't always find the right place
with people who will nurture and encourage them. Plagued with the common national problem of an overpopulation of students paired with an
understaffing of teachers, many of these minds go by without anyone to guide them in the right direction. As a result, intelligence that could be used to
better the world around us is directed toward darker things such as crime and violence. Fortunately, there are groups in the area that are making an
effort to enrich misguided young people, groups such as the Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Pennsylvania
Ballet, and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to partnering with schools in the area, they also have international partnerships in countries such as Hungary, and China. Through these
partnerships, PAM has spread their love ofmusic and dedication to helping children reach a higher level of education through their musical talents.
Since 2009, PAM has also been able to offer ahigh school diploma, making it so its students could graduate, and consequently go onto some of the
most renowned musical colleges in the world. The Pennsylvania Academy of Music is a lot like the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in
that they both aspire to make readily available music and the arts to whoever seeks them. They are also similar in that they educate on the subjects.
However, they do differ in that PAM offers a high school diploma, while PAFA's school is a secondary education school. Also, because it is older,
PAFA holds more prestige over PAM, and, organization wise is more developed and has had more influence and made more of an impact than PAM
because of its age and resources.
The last of the charities covered in this paper is Pennsylvania Ballet. Conceived in 1963, this ballet company has been "at the forefront of dance in
America and is widely regarded as one of the premier ballet companies in the nation."( Charity

Psychic Twins Research Paper
Terry and Linda Jamison are known as The Psychic Twins. They have made many predictions about the world that have come true from terrorist attacks
to major storms.
Childhood for the Jamison Twins
The twins grew up in West Chester, which is a small town in Pennsylvania, with their older brother, Philip "Flip" Jamison. While the twins show
psychic abilities, Flip has not. Their parents were artists with talent in writing and painting. Their father, Philip Jamison is reported to have been a
well–known watercolor artist.
The Twins' Education
The twins went to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts for a year after high school. From there, the twins went on to attend separate colleges.
Linda went to the University of Delaware while Terry went to Penn State. After a year, they both transferred toTyler School of Artin Philidelphia. The
two graduated with fine arts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To sustain themselves, they took odd jobs and started to give psychic readings. Since that change in their lives, they have helped others achieve spiritual
and emotional growth. They call this their Twin–tuition.
Major Predictions from the Psychic Twins
On the international radio show, Art Bell's Coast to Coast, that aired on November 2, 1999, they said that there would be various terrorist attacks on
federal buildings by July 2002 specifically the World Trade Center. The date was somewhat vague since the attack happened on September 11, 2001.
In a documentary as well as a magazine article, they predicted that John F. Kennedy Jr. would die in a plane. The prediction was given in 1997 while
his plane went down in 1999.
On David Baker's Beyond the Gate radio show, the twins made a guest appearance to share their predictions. They visited on January 23, 2011 to make
predictions for the coming year. They said that there would be severe storms including tornadoes in many southern states including Tennessee,

Kentucky, Arkansas and

Biography Of Cecilia Beaux
Cecilia Beaux was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the youngest daughter to Jean Adolphe Beaux and Cecilia Kent Leavitt. After her mom
died and their dad left for France, Cecilia and her sister, Elta, were raised by their grandparents and aunts (NMWA, 1). Beaux's interest in art
started at a young age when she was encouraged at home and in school to take up art. Her and her uncle would visit the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts where she had her first major exposure to art (Carter, 25). When she attended school, Beaux was unable to afford the art fee, so she
began art lessons with her relative, Catherine Ann Drinker. Drinker was an accomplished artist at this time and became Beaux's role model throughout
the time they studied together. After having lessons with Drinker, Beaux studied with Francis Adolf Van der Wielen and then eventually took over his
post and was appointed as a drawing teacher (Carter, 37). She was mainly doing lithographs at this time for Thomas Sinclair, a Philadelphia printer.
Under the influence of Thomas Eakins, in 1876 she started attending the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (carter, 54). After leaving PAFA,
Beaux continued to study with more people and eventually moved to France to expand her horizons even though she was doing so well in
Philadelphia. This is when Beaux decided to devote herself to portraiture. She eventually moved back to Philadelphia and painted many prominent
members of society, such as writers, politicians, and other artists (NMWA, 1). At the peak of herportrait career is when she painted Seated Girl in a
Long Black Dress. She painted this piece in 1885 which was the same year that she won the Mary Smith Prize at the Pennsylvania Academy of the
Fine Arts exhibitions (NMWA, 1). Beaux was so well known for her portraits and was commissioned by many well–known people. She was one of the
most successful portrait artists of her time and received numerous awards, had her own exhibit, and published her autobiography (NMWA, 1). Beaux
received the Chi Omega fraternity's gold medal, for "the American woman who had the made the greatest contribution to the culture of the world" from
First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (NMWA, 1).Cecilia Beaux was considered to best

Thomas Cole: Landscape Artist
Thomas Cole (1801–1848) lived a remarkably short life; however, his influence as an American landscape painter gives him his renown as an artist.
His art is recognized as possessing all the attributes of Romanticism. Cole's father owned a wallpaper business, but his disinterest in this field drove
him, after receiving elementary art lessons, to travel to Ohio and Pennsylvania. Paintings displayed at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts kindled
inspiration, and his pursuit in art continued. In 1825, he visited New York City where he painted genuinely sublime landscapes along the Hudson River
and the Catskill Mountains, broadening his fame as a landscape painter. (Avery) Worthy of attention concerning Cole are theHudson River School of
Romantic Landscapes he founded, how the Hudson River School's art was Romantic, why landscapes are an American national symbol, and about one
of Cole's famous paintings The Oxbow. The Hudson River School Thomas Cole founded consisted of a group of landscape artists who painted sublime
and realistic images of majestic American landscapes. (Strickland 81) Even though Cole is considered the founder of this school he actually did not
contribute any further beyond its original establishment around 1850. (Avery) Despite this school's deceiving name, it actually was not a school of art.
Instead, this organization of New York City–based painters was instigated as a supportive group for each other in their similar artistic style. (Avery)

Mary Cassatt Research Paper
Mary Cassatt was an American painter who influenced many young artists. She was born on May 22, 1844 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. Her father
being a stockbroker and land speculator, and her mother being well educated and influential, her parents were very successful. Initially, she had six
other siblings, but unfortunately, two of them died as infants. Education was valued in her family. Her educational journey started at the age of six,
when she began primary school in the Philadelphia area. She was raised in an environment that preached travel requisite for education. Therefore, she
spent five years studying in Europe, where she learned German and French. During her versatile education expedition in the continent, she began her
first

Essay about The Gross Clinic
The Gross Clinic, by Thomas Eakins
HA–314–801 The History of American Art
"I never knew of but one artist, and this is Tom Eakins, who could resist the temptation to see what they think ought to be rather than what is." – Walt
Whitman
Thomas Eakins, was one the most important painters of American Art History. He also was an photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. In this
essay, you will explore his life, his works and one of his most famous paintings' which considered shocking by viewers: The Gross Clinic.
Thomas Eakins was born in 1844, he lived most of his life in his home city of Philadelphia. After graduating high school he attended the Pennsylvania
Academy of Fine Arts. He simultaneously took anatomy courses at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The canvas depicts him performing a surgery in the University ampitheatre. He is removing a portion of a diseased bone from the thigh of a
14–year–old boy, whose mother looks on in horror. His son stands in the doorway, and Eakins himself is seated in the gallery on the right side of the
painting. There are 28 portraits in the painting –– all depictions of actual individuals. The painting was considered shocking in its day, and indeed still
inspires shock in the viewer who first sees it.
As chair of surgery from 1856 to 1882, Dr. Gross inspired thousands of Jefferson medical students and assistants with his articulate lectures, calm
judgment, mechanical dexterity, and contributions to surgical technique. Gross was author or editor of hundreds of articles and many books. His
two–volume System of Surgery of 1859, perhaps his best known work, appeared in six editions and in several foreign languages. Gross was deeply
involved in local, national, and international medical societies and was a founder and office holder of many.
Thomas Eakins was aged thirty–one and had never before attempted such an ambitious composition when he requested Dr. Gross, then seventy years
old and at the pinnacle of his profession in 1875, to approve his conception for a portrait of the physician in his surgical clinic. The young artist's
confidence must have stemmed from his knowledge of anatomy and his prior experiences in the medical environment. He hoped to establish his

John Updike: One of the Most Talented Writers of the...
Thesis statement: John Updike's writing style and versatility made him one of the most accomplished writers of the Postmodernism Movement. John
Updike was born on March 18, 1932 in Reading, Pennsylvania (Academy of Achievement). Updike grew up with psoriasis and a stuttering problem,
which caused him to feel isolated and lonely during his childhood (The Independent). He used drawing as an outlet, which sparked his interest in
cartooning (TIME) and his dream of being a cartoonist for the New Yorker (Encyclopedia for World Biography). Updike excelled in high school,
leading him to attend Harvard University, where he wrote and drew cartoons for its humor magazine, Harvard Lampoon (Academy of Achievement).
After graduating from Harvard, he... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Couples was so popular that Updike was featured on the cover of Time magazine in 1969 (Academy of Achievement). Updike was elected to the
American Academy of Arts and Letters (Encyclopedia for World Biography) and the youngest person ever elected to the National Institute of Arts
and Letters at age 32. He was awarded the National Medal of Art from President H.W. Bush in 1989 and the National Medal for Humanities from
President George W. Bush in 2003 (Academy of Achievement). Updike wrote novels for six decades (The Independent), yet they were always a part
of the Postmodernism Movement, which started in the 1940s and is still occurring today. Postmodernism pieces are characterized by an inconsistent
timeline, tone changes, and meticulous literary techniques. The piece is often about human life and based on the author's own experiences
(American Masters). Many critics like Quin Hillyer respect Updike as accomplished writer, but believe that his writing style has its downsides.
Hillyer believed, according to "Updike at Rest," that most of Updike's characters were unlovable and immoral, which made reading some of the stories
unpleasant. However, Updike wrote in such a way that the readers related to and sympathized with the characters, keeping them intrigued. Hillyer also
thought that Updike was obsessed with sex, yet was able to show his strong Christian views through his writing. Updike's ability to balance both and

education Essay
Surburn Public Schools vs. City Public Schools
What type of educational standards does the American society accept and expect for their child? Article will compare and contrast two different types
of schools. One school is located in an affluent suburban community and the other school is located in a poor urban area.
The suburban school has twice as many students as the urban school. Both schools are located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It was racially balanced 60 percent black and 40 percent white.
Our academic and athletic programs could and did rival any in the tri–state area. The staff was very challenging and supportive. I am so proud of the
accomplishments of my peers who are successful educators, businessmen and women, entrepreneurs, athletes, and entertainers. Peabody has such a rich
tradition. Peabody has changed tremendously. I hope the school can be revived because, I would hate to see my alma mater close" said, Leslie
Robinson alumni 83'.
The school is in the city of Pittsburgh called Peabody High School. Peabody is one of 10 schools in the Pittsburgh Public School District. This school
has a small enrollment of 708 students which 92.9% of African American youth are enrolled in this institution of learning. The class size range from
15.2 students in a class. The school is located in an urban area of Pittsburgh that allows students from Bloomfield, Friendship, East Liberty, Garfield,
Highland Park, Larimer, Lawrenceville, Morningside, Shadyside, Stanton Heights; Highlander Academies include Public Safety Magnet, Health
Careers, Culinary Arts and Information Technologies Academy programs open to all residents contingent on available space.
Peabody's curriculum offers a variety of programs for there students and has several special programs and services for the students in the community.
These services are as follows

African American Men: Diversity In The Workplace
My target group for this assignment is African – American men. I encounter members of this group on daily basis, and would like to learn more about
this particular group's workplace experience as it relates to diversity; more precisely if they are experiencing different treatment due to their ethnicity
and gender. Even though I encounter members of this group on daily basis, I do not work with members of this group and have not in my previous
jobs. I have very little understanding of their views and experiences pertaining to work environment. This group differs from me in two dimensions:
gender and ethnicity. This is a distinct group for this essay since I am Caucasian and female. I grew up in Albania and moved to theUnited States when

Friedel Dzubas Research Paper
Friedel Dzubas was born in Berlin during 1915 and received his formal artistic training from Prussian Academy of Fine Art from 1936–1939 under the
guidance of artist Paul Klee. During 1939 Dzubas fled Germany to London then went onto the United States. He is known for creating works with
an oil based acrylic paint known as Magna. Aside from painting Dzubas was known for applying pigment by staining and scrubbing paint onto
canvas and paper. He is known creating large works with very few small paintings. He is credited with created possibly the largest abstract painting in
the world titled _Crossings_ and measures 59 feet. His work was heavily critiqued and promoted by renowned Modern art critic Clement Greenberg,
along with other mid–century

Mary Cassatt : An American Impressionist
The Life of Mary Cassatt: An American Impressionist Mary Stevenson Cassatt was born on May 22, 1844 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. She came
from a rather large family who moved quite frequently. Mary loved to draw and no matter the location or where she lived, she would always find the
time to draw. It wasn't very long until she was interested in more than just drawing. As soon as she discovered that there were more objects, such as
canvas and cloth for oil painting, to work with, she decided to try painting. Painting was just the beginning for Mary and soon after had the dream of
one day settling in Europe where she would become a painter for a living. Not only was Mary very stubborn, she was also very determined to make
her dream a successful reality.
Mary Cassatt was a sister to four. She had three older brothers whose names were Alexander, Gardner, and Robert, who went by Robbie and who
she was the closest to. Her sister's name was Lydia. Mary's father was Robert Cassatt, a successful businessman, and was married to Mary's mother
Katherine. Unlike Robert's father Denis, Robert was very lucky and since he was very successful as a banker and a stockbroker, he made an
excellent living for his family. This allowed them to not only move a lot, but also travel the world. Eventually, Robert moved his family to Europe.
They settled in Paris, France, and when they got there, Mary saw that there was plenty of things and activities to do. Paris was very different from

Charles Sheeler's Rolling Power
Charles Sheeler, one of America's finest painters of his century, made quite an impression to society during his lifetime and even now. He was
proficient in two medias, painting and photography. "He jumped to the front ranks of our native masters" and even "participated in forming 20th
century American art" (Friedman 2/9). Sheeler was well renowned for his industrial architecture paintings, the Powers series to be exact. Powers has a
series of six total paintings, focusing on the Rolling Power in particular. Rolling Power is of a very popular Hudson–type New York Central
locomotive, with more of a zoom in on its massive wheels. Sheeler is noted for his precision and modernistic take on art. Combining both his
photography and painting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Powers consisted of six paintings – Conversation: Sky and Earth, Primitive Power, Rolling Power, Steam Turbine, Suspended Power, and Yankee
Clipper. All six were produced in 1939 (Friedman 22). Rolling Power was strangely not a painting of a full train; it was simply just two big drive
wheels and a bogie wheel, which made me question why would Sheeler zoom in so much? These three wheels are the sole power that makes the
train move. The wheels give the purpose to the painting, actual rolling power. The two big drive wheels are next to one another and take up the
majority of the composition. The bogie wheel falls in line next, with the puff of smoke near it. Near the wheels, Sheeler added a puff of smoke
that conveys movement of the train. Is the train moving backward or forward? The smoke does not show a trace of where it may begin, just the
roundness of the small cloud. Train designer, Henry Dreyfuss', had made the most efficient and powerful railroad engine available in 1939.
Sheeler's color palette was a mixture of browns and grays in frieze, low relief. Some areas on the train were darker and brighter, suggesting shadows
and the sun's reflection on it. Sheeler had started painting during the day, which can be determined how the sun is cast on certain parts of the train.
How was he able to paint in such a short time to keep the lighting just right? After all, he was also talented in photography. Sheeler would take
photographs of his studies to keep their composition and come back to continue his work (Friedman 13). He had to do this in order to have a
consistent image to look off of since the sun would not produce the same lighting when it was at another time. Taking an image also aided in the
production of his painting because the train would also be constantly active. "The dependency on photographic studies culminated in the hyperrealism of

Winslow Homer Research Paper
Winslow Homer was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1836. One of the people who inspired Homer was his mother. She was an amateur painter
and was his first teacher. Homer first job was working for a commercial lithographer. After about two years he was offered a job for Harper's
Weekly but he turned down the job. Homer opened his own studio in New York City. For a short amount of time he had classes at the National
Academy of Design, and studied with Frederic Rondel. Homer began creating great oil works with only a year of self–training. Homer's mother tried to
raise money for him to go to Europe to further study, but this did not happen. Instead Harper's sent him to the American Civil War, where he would go
on to sketch mostly everyday camp life and also battle scenes.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He attended Pennsylvania of the Fine Arts for four years, and would go to anatomy lectures at Jefferson Medical College. Later, Eakins would arrive
in Paris where he would be taught mainly by Jean–Leon Gerome and also some with Leon Bonnat. Once Eakins became a teacher at the Pennsylvania
Academy in 1876, it turned out to develop into the best art school in America, although dissatisfaction arose from his teaching style. He was forced to
resign in 1887 after he showed a group of female students a male's pelvis during a lecture. From that point on, Eakins focus on

Transition Of Art And Architecture From The Gilded Age
Transition of art and architecture from the gilded Age to the era of Ashcan artists
Introduction
Art is the expression of creative skills and imagination, through a visual medium such as painting or sculptures. Architectural is the art of designing and
constriction of an object or a building. During Gilded Age the newly wealth citizens of America traced their ancestry and cultural heritage to the greater
civilization and aristocracies of Europe. People spend months collecting and moving art and architecture from Europe to United States. During the
Gilded Age, American architects created a different blending of style to their great houses which were initially influenced by European design. As a
result of revolution, Ashcan school was introduced by a group of artists who were inspired by Robert henry. The artists believed in worthiness of
immigrants and the working class life as artistic subject matter in art.
1.A Ride for Liberty
The theme of this art is liberty. It was designed by Eastman Johnson on 2nd march, 1962. It is located at Brooklyn museum. This art demonstrate the
journey of America to freedom. Americans love for freedom was represented by the liberty poles. The art shows the idea of Americans attempting to
occupy a more prominent place in public and private discourse in the United States (Walker,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was designed by Thomas Eakins in 1875. It is located at Philadelphia Museum of Art. The gross clinic art showed the society how surgical
operation was done in the 19th century. Frock coats worn by the surgeons represent hygienic surgical environment and helped people to understand
prevention of infections. Frock coats depict a cleaner and brighter surgical theater (Aldrich, 1969, p.111). It demonstrates the evolution of health care
in America in the 19th century. The Gross Clinic Art is a representative of the Gilded Age since people had not adopted proper

Mary Cassatt: An Important Artist During The Impressionist...
Do you really know who Mary Cassatt is? She was an important artist during the Impressionist movement time. She also had a hard time to get her
career started but once she did she had many obstacles to face. Although Mary Cassatt had many obstacles to face, she amazingly found courage to
keep going and finally become an artist. Mary Cassatt was born on May 22, 1844, in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. She was the leading artist during
the Impressionist movement. She was the fourth child and the daughter of a investment broker and a well to do real estate. How her parents raised
her reflected upon her family's high social standing. Mary Cassatt always knew she wanted to become an artist from a young age. When she was
about 15 she persuaded her parents to let her go to a prestigious Pennsylvania fine arts... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was an important artist during the Impressionist movement time. She also had a hard time to get her career started but, once she did, she had
many obstacles to face. Although Mary Cassatt had many obstacles to face, she amazingly found courage to keep going and finally become an
artist. Mary Cassatt was born on May 22, 1844, in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. She was the leading artist during the Impressionist movement. She
was the fourth child and the daughter of an investment broker and a well to do real estate. How her parents raised her reflected upon her family's
high social standing. Mary Cassatt always knew she wanted to become an artist from a young age. When she was about 15 she persuaded her
parents to let her go to a prestigious Pennsylvania fine arts academy. After she started going to the academy, she easily became frustrated because she
thought that the academy didn't move at the correct pace and didn't have the offerings she liked. She soon left the academy and went to Europe to
find a better academy. She finally started to study in Paris. While she studied in Paris, she copied works by Jean Leon

Art And Cultural Changes In America
This week's paper will be about the change of views in America and how art and culture along with changes in technology helped America grow. The
world's fair in Chicago in 1893 was the 400 year anniversary of Christopher Columbus discovering the new world. The buildings were made from a
variety of materials. I hope you enjoy this essay.
The first topic will be the World's fair of 1893. Like I started to say in my beginning paragraph the 400th year anniversary of Christopher Columbus
arrival in America. The exhibits were all made to represent the 50 states and the different cultures for all the world to see. This was a key time in
American history with a vast number of immigrants coming over to America. So, these were a focal point ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now the ashcan school was more of a painting revolution. It focused a lot on New York city's everyday life and the struggle especially in the poorer
neighborhoods.
The ashcan school took the innovations in brushes and paints to show realism. Now the last subject I'd like to talk about is how art reflects the
society we live in. I believe that all forms of art are a reflection of what's going on in society at that time like the ashcan school like I mentioned
before focused on the economic hardships in New York city. The paintings from John Sloan come to mind as they were of everyday people in bars
and restaurants which like I said before were the place to be and showed how society was in that era from the clothes to the food and drink I think John
Sloan captured that image perfectly. George Bellows was also great at capturing the current events I saw one painting called
Tennis in Newport. The painting showed just how the rich lived back in the Gilded age despite the economic struggles in many big cities at the time.
So, as you can tell this time in American history was very crucial to the foundation of a growing

Abraham Ratner Still Life Analysis
Abraham Rattner is a painter who display bold color and expression and reflect social protest and his Jewish heritage. He was born in 1893 in
Poughkeepsie, New York. His parents immigrated to the United States from Russia to escape anti–Semitism, which was hostility towards the Jews. As
Abraham grew up, painting becomes a part of his daily life. After graduating from Poughkeepsie High School, he studied art at George Washington
University, The Corcoran School of Art, and The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia. In 1917, as the World War one raged,
Abraham interrupted his education and enlisted in the United States army. Two years later, when he returned to the Pennsylvania Academy, he was
awarded the Cresson traveling scholarship to study art abroad. Abraham traveled throughout Europe for a year and then settled in Paris for the next
twenty years. In the 20th century artist continued traditions of still life painting in salons. Artist made personal statements with their arrangements of
fruits, flowers, books, and other inanimate objects and when they painted these works in new modernist styles, they kept the public interested in the
value of still life painting. Abraham Rattner's painting Still Life Composition is one of the Brauer Museum of Art's more popular permanent collection
pieces, a major work by the artist that exhibits well the rich qualities and expressive abilities of oil paint. Painted on a panel surface, this work stands
astride abstract

Gertrude Steins Influence On Modern Culture
Gertrude Stein once said, "You can either buy clothes or buy pictures (cite Stein)," and it is their affinity for doing the latter that has made Gertrude,
Leo, and Michael Stein revolutionaries in the world of visual art. American in origin, but long–time residents of Paris, the Stein siblings possessed a
drive to change the way the world sees what art is. They were tastemakers and trendsetters, not afraid to express an appreciation for the avant–garde
artists that the world had previously turned away. By selecting pieces based on the art itself, regardless of the artist's educational success, they broke the
longstanding tradition of only welcoming successful Academy artists. The Steins did not solely collect pieces that piqued their interest;... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this in mind, he and his siblings decided to instead look to discovering pieces from more younger and unknown artists. They were not afraid to
take risks when doing so; when Leo Stein first saw Henri Matisse's Woman with a Hat, he remarked that the piece was "the ugliest daubings of paint,"
but after returning to the it time and time again, he found a deeper appreciation of the piece and purchased it. Purchases like these completely
transformed the lives of artists. Matisse's work was mocked and ridiculed before being discovered by the Stein family, but after Leo purchased Woman
with a Hat, the Stein apartment became a major destination for aspiring artists who wanted to view the unique piece. Occurrences like these were not
uncommon. The Steins launched the career of a great number of artists, among which are high–profile names like Picasso and the aforementioned
Matisse. The siblings quickly developed a reputation for their remarkable taste. If an artist was lucky enough to be featured on the walls of the Stein
salon, they had certainly achieved

Mary Cassatt Mother And Children
One of the paintings I choose is Mother and Child, 1900 by, Mary. Mary Stevenson Cassatt (May 22, 1844– June 14, 1926) was an American painter
and printmaker. She often created images of the social and private lives of women, mostly of the intimate bonds between mothers and children. The
year the painting was created in the 1900.The painting it is located at Brooklyn Museum Of Art, New York, USA. She lived much of her adult life in
France, where she first became friends with Edgar Degas and later exhibited among the Impressionists. Cassatt began studying painting at the
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the early age of fifteen, and continued her studies during the years of the
American Civil War. Diagnosed

Lothar Fischer Research Paper
Lothar Fischer, born in 1933 in Germersheim and died in 2004 in Baierbrunn, was a renowned German sculptor. The artist worked both in traditional
techniques and materials, as bronze or plaster, at the same time exploring the border between painting and sculpture by producing evocative reliefs and
works in mixed media. Fischer received his education from the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he studied under Heinrich Kirchner (1953–8).
There he initiated the artistic group SPUR (1957), together with Heimrad Prem, Helmut Sturm and Hans–Peter Zimmer. Recognized quickly after
leaving the academy, Fischer was honored with several scholarship and prizes, such as the prize of Stiftung Arnold'schen (1959) or the Villa Massimo
scholarship (1961).

Dr. Chris Van Allburg: The Career Of Illustration
The career of illustration is a unique and fascinating career. where you take ideas and transfer them onto paper. With illustration, everyone can see
someone's world of imagination on display in an image. Chris Van Allsburg had this to say about his creative process "At first, I see pictures of a
story in my mind. Then creating the story comes from asking questions of myself. I guess you might call it the 'what if – what then' approach to writing
and illustration." (Chris Van Allsburg). Many people ignore illustration and brush it off to the side, but it is incredibly useful for society. One reason
why illustrations are beneficial is because illustrations are fundamental parts of children's education. Illustrations can draw kids into ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Illustration is full of interesting and influential people that are role models to those in the business and trendsetters. Illustration is also a career where
the principle of practice makes perfect tends to come in handy, and where one can start preparing for it in high school. It is a career made specifically for
those who truly have the passion for art. Illustration is very helpful to society also. An illustration is a necessary part of education and helps children
learn, and without it, teaching would be almost impossible. It also is a huge part of advertising and we see it almost everywhere, from billboards to
magazines to web ads. Illustration is basically everywhere, and without it, and the people who do it, life would be quite

Anesthesia In The Gross Clinic
"The Gross Clinic," a staple of medical history, represents the raw truth of surgery and the shift in medical practices before the 20th century. Thomas
Eakins, the painter of "The Gross Clinic," was from Philadelphia, and considered it to be his greatest accomplishment as an artist. Surgery was the last
option for doctors, not the intricate art that it has evolved into. Dr. Samuel Gross embodied the innovation and advancements in medicine during the
year "The Gross Clinic" was created: the changes in anesthesia, antisepsis, and education as a whole. "The Gross Clinic" is representative of the lack of
resources and rejection of new ideas that characterized medicine before the 20th century, and the major shift in education and new techniques ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Florence Nightingale was one of the first medical professionals to realize a need for sanitation during surgery during her time as a nurse in the Crimean
War. She and a team of nurses improved the unsanitary conditions at a British base hospital, and greatly reduced the death count. In 1860, she funded
the establishment of St. Thomas' Hospital and Nightingale Training School for Nurses. She used her experience from the Crimean War to implement
the beginnings of modern hospital infection control practices in St. Thomas' Hospital. Nightingale's practices were not the sole research and
experimentation surrounding antisepsis. Many scientists studied death rates and the notion that air was the cause of infection and death. Dr. Joseph
Lister did not believe in this notion, so he conducted a study that proved microorganisms, bacteria, caused infections. His study became known as the
germ theory of infection, and launched the field of bacteriology. By 1870 he demonstrated that his antiseptic system could prevent most infectious
complications of surgery. Despite Lister's abundant results, doctors continued to reject antisepsis; it would be another twenty to thirty years before
Listerism was adopted. Gross was very adamant on rejecting antisepsis; by 1875 Samuel Gross was the leading obstacle to the adoption of Listerism in

The Art Of Art Reflection
While visiting the SCAD museum of Art I came across an extraordinary piece of art that caught my eye.You Diserve it mama!! by, Aaron Fowler this
art piece caught my eye for many reasons.One being it was a tribute to his mom.Secondly I liked the way the artist used everyday items to create this
piece. The Art piece was very visual with the mom cooking and cleaning Fowler used cloths for her clothing and newspaper cutouts for the pots and
pans she was using to cook.He used iron boards to display the mom and husband in their house, the husband looks as he is walking in from
somewhere with their dog next to him.Fowler was very creative with the way he designed the piece the everyday items and the iron board had the
feels of home and the way he betrayed the house with a fireplace and a painting above it. The scenery looks as if its a real house with it looking
messy and very decorative. Aaron Fowler is an amazing artist greatly inspired by Jacob lawrence.Fowler is just now an uprising artist from moving
into his east Harlem studio in early 2015 and his work soon being known and reflecting his great talent.Aaron Fowler was born in St.Louis before
moving to New York. In his early years he attended school in Philadelphia to study at Pennsylvania academy of FineArts before getting his MFA from
Yale.
While visiting the SCAD Museum of Art I came across an extraordinary piece of art that caught my eye."You Diserve it mama!!" by, Aaron Fowler this

Henry Ossawa Tanner Research Paper
Henry Ossawa Tanner Henry Ossawa Tanner was an African
–American male artist who was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on June 21, 1859. The
son of a minister and a school teacher, Henry was the oldest of nine children. Tanner went to a school named Robert Vaux which was one of the few
all–black institutions that offered art classes. At only 13 years old young Henry had already decided that he would become a painter, and as the
years went by he created as much art as he could. It is said that he was able to work on his artistic skills because he was ill and had spent his time
recuperating by staying at home and painting. ("Henry Ossawa Tanner." Bio.com) In 1880, Mr. Tanner resumed a regular lifestyle and enrolled at the
Pennsylvania Academy

Mary Cassatt's Impact On The World
As Ernst Gombrich once said, "It took some time before the public learned that to appreciate an Impressionist painting one has to step back a few
yards, and enjoy the miracle of seeing these puzzling patches suddenly fall into one place and come to life before our eyes." There were many artists
entangled with the Impressionists, and Mary Cassatt was one of them. Mary Cassatt was an American artist that painted many domestic scenes.
Despite her family's disapproval, in her early 20's, she relocated to France to become an artist. Due to her gender, she was often discriminated against,
yet she still made an impact. Although Mary Cassatt may not be as well–known as artists such as Vincent van Gogh or Leonardo da Vinci, she is a
prominent artist and has had a lasting impact on the world. Born to Robert Simpson Cassatt and Katherine Kelso Johnson, Mary Cassatt was born in
Allegheny City, Pennsylvania (now a part of Pittsburgh) on May 22nd, 1844. She traveled frequently with her parents and four siblings. In fact, with
her family, she spent five years abroad in Europe. While there, she became fluent in German and French, and had her... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1890's, she was a role model for many young up–and–coming artists. In the early 1900's, she became an art advisor to many art collectors. In
1904, she was awarded the Legion d'Honneur. She also painted around 20 paintings for the Women's Suffrage Movement. It is also worth noting that
she helped begin the Havemeyer collection, which is a vast art collection. Mary Cassatt was brave in joining the Impressionism movement and
challenging authority. As a young artist, she showed serious disdain for "the norm", and pushed the limits. She spoke out against the Salon, which
meant that she risked her career. Cassatt also experimented with various styles, and later in life, helped shape large art collections. Her bravery
allowed other artists to follow in her

Henry David Thoreau
Into the World There Came an Artist Named Ivan.
In the words of Henry David Thoreau, "This world is but a canvas to our imagination". This statement speaks to all of mankind, in that, art can be
traced back to thousands of years ago. For centuries people have put their whole lives into creating art, hoping that they would pass on their views while
still creating something different, interesting, and unique. Generating from these ideas was as artist named Ivan Albright. Though his pieces appeared
to depict a world of decay and corruption, Albright showed his love for art through his morbid emotional intensity. In this paper I will discuss the
history of the artist, compare and contrast the subject matter and technique of two of his paintings, as acknowledge his approach to color, texture,
balance, and space.
Depicted as an American magic realist painter and a macabre artist, Ivan Albright was known meticulously detailed, yet morbidworks of art. He was
born in 1897 in North Harvey, Illinois at the start of the First World War. Growing up, he and his identical twin brother were raised by their father
who worked as a landscape painter. "After the war he trained at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and, briefly, the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts and the National Academy of Design, New York City" (Lotha). Later in life around 1927, he settled down in Warrenville, Illinois. Having
been independently wealthy, he was able to focus on painting. During this time he

Impressionism By Mary Cassatt
Impressionism
Impressionism by definition is: "a style or movement in painting originating in France
in the 1860s, characterized by a concern with depicting the visual impression of the
moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color." But I think that
impressionism gives off more of a feeling, and I think that it sets a mood. I think that
impressionist paintings all have a flow to them and they are very elegant and classy.
The impressionist era started in the 1860s, and ended in the 1880s. It developed in
Paris, and spread throughout Europe. At the time, paintings of still life's and landscapes
were not valued. So impressionist paintings brought about a very new change in the art
world. But in the early 1860s, more and more artists began to discover their interests in
impressionist paintings. These artists brought us the incredible pieces of impressionist
art we have today.
One of the artist's I would like to address is Mary Cassatt. She was born on May, 22,
1844 in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, United States. She was born into an upper–

middle–class family, that was well educated, and had a profound influence on her. Mary
traveled all over Europe as she grew up. She learned German and French and also had
her first art lessons while she was traveling abroad. It is most likely that her first
exposure to art was at the Paris World's Fair in 1855. Her family objected to her
becoming a professional

William Michael Harnett's 'After The Hunt'
Born in Ireland and immigrated to the United States of America in Philadelphia, still life Artist William Michael Harnett began his professional career
as an engraver for high–end firms at Woods & Hughes as well as Tiffany & Co in the late 1860s and early 1870s. In addition to his history of
employment, he attended the nation's most prominent schools at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, the National Academy of Design, and the
Cooper Union for Advancement of Science and Art where he studied after antique casts and live models. Exercising his talents in oilpainting, Harnett
was widely known for his magnificent still life masterpieces. In Harnett's oil on canvas painting, "After the Hunt," depicts a well put together still life
of hunting

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