Samskara

Samskara
Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (born December 21, 1932) is a contemporary writer and
critic in the Kannada language and is considered as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. He
is well known among Indian authors.[1] He is the sixth person among eight recipients of the
Jnanpith Award for the Kannada language,[2] the highest literary honor conferred in India.[3] In
1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India.He was the Vice–
Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. Ananthamurthy's works
have been translated into several Indian and European languages and have been awarded with
important literary prizes.[1] His main works include Samskara, Bhava, Bharathi Pura, and Avasthe.
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Once Naranappa visits Shimoga and he returns to Duravasapura with high fever and dies. The
Brahmins are left in a piquant situation because according to Brahmin principles, a person who dies
should be cremated as early as possible. None of the Brahmin's want to come forward to cremate the
body since they feel that by cremating Naranappa's body, they will become polluted themselves as
he was against the Brahmin principles during his lifetime. However, the Brahmin principles also
stipulate that a non–Brahmin cannot cremate the body of a Brahmin. Praneshacharya, being the
leader is responsible for finding the answer to this difficult problem. He reads the holy books but
they do not provide any solution. He then goes to a temple to pray to God and spends a whole day
there. Disappointed at not being able to solve the problem, he trudges back home and on his way, he
encounters Chandri. He gets mesmerised by her beauty and when he wakes up in the midnight, he
finds himself lying on Chandri's lap. Chandri rushes back home, finds that the body of Naranappa
has started to rot, gets it cremated in secrecy and leaves Durvasapura. Praneshacharya is left in a
piquant situation on whether he has to reveal his immoral act to the people of the village or keep
quiet about it. Feeling guilty, he leaves the village but the guilt never leaves him. Finally deciding to
own up his act, he returns to the village and the story ends here. Its left to
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Characteristics Of Tala Danda
Girish Karnad in his Tala– Danda settles the plan for the marriage which is to be ceremonized
between to son of a tanner (untouchable) and the daughter of a Brahmin under the guidance and
protection of an archetypal figure–Basavanna who is also the votary of sharana movement. He
remarks about the poison of casteism and untouchability. Some day this entire edifice of caste and
creed, this poison –house of Varnasharma will come tumbling down. Every person will see himself
only as a human being. That is invevitable. But we have a long way to go. You know the most
terrible crimes have been Justified in the name of Sanatan religion. Since the city of Kalyana is ruled
by a Kalachuri king, Bijjala, who is himself a devout follower of sharana religion, Basavana
occupies a key post of the treasurer in the administration. Apart form the qualities of statesmanship,
Basavanna stands as a staunch devotee who introduces a new faith, the Anubhava Mantapam a
spiritual parliament, which stressed openly on the attributes and the specific characteristics of
lingayatism for the worship of Lord Shiva. With his reformist enthusiasm and as a humanitarian
saint, he believes in the equality of all human beings irrespective of caste, creed religion and gender;
but he becomes a controversial figure before the traditionalists when he bears the moral weight of
the marriage between Kalavatim a Brahmin;s daughter and Sheelvanta, a cobbler's son. The
complete structural plan and the textual

Brahmanic Hindu Culture: Caste System Analysis
Within the Brahmanic Hindu culture, wealth and poverty is seen in a tremendously broad view, with
many aspects that play a role in whether it is seen with a negative connotation or not. This is mainly
due to social roles that have been active within the civilization for thousands of years. These views
affect everyday life in the Brahmanic Hindu culture and determines social interactions within this
Hindu society. To first understand where and why their ideologies and caste system stems from, one
must first take a look into 4 vital aspects– The Hindu culture, mainly the caste system, as well as a
Brahmans purpose within their culture, the Hindu religion, and Hindu Gods. These 4 parallel
components will allow for a more advance comprehension ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The true way to understand how Braham's perceive poverty is to discern how the Dalit, the
untouchables, are handled by the Braham's. According to the Independence Hall Association, the
Braham's were disgusted by the Dalit's, the fear derived from the fear of becoming unpure, this
ideology ultimately stems from a social order. This can be seen from the following quote from the
Independence Hall Association, "Brahmins were considered the embodiment of purity, and
untouchables the embodiment of pollution. Physical contact between the two groups was absolutely
prohibited. Brahmins adhered so strongly to this rule that they felt obliged to bathe if even the
shadow of an untouchable fell across them." This ultimately demonstrates how negatively the
Braham's view poverty, and proves to be quite contradicting to their role as a teacher and priest. As
teachers, Braham's should not discourage teaching the untouchables, who still are followers of
Hinduism and must be

Social Class As A Society Based On Social And Economic Status
Social class is a division of a society based on social and economic status. Why do we have social
class in our societies? For what purpose does social class, even exist? From the United States, to
India, many different societies have different social classes and systems. So why does social class
and system differ from place to place? These are some essential questions that need to be answered.
Amazingly, the Caste System in India has been around for thousands of years. The caste system
places you in a social class with specific duties you must perform. Secondly, the system places you
in the social class of your parents. In the Caste System, it is expected of individuals to fulfill their
Dharma. Dharma is the religious and moral law governing individual conduct. There is a specific
Dharma for each caste to follow very closely. While some people may be able to move into a caste
rank (by marriage or other means) they were not born into, this is looked down upon by some
because it upsets the "balance". The Caste system follows the beliefs of the Hindu religion.
Reincarnation, which is one of the key beliefs of the Hindu religion, dictates which caste someone is
born into. If you are good in the current lifetime, you will be born in a higher postion in the next life.
In total, the Caste System has four main castes(or Varnas). First off, the Brahmins, who are priests,
and scholars. They are the highest ranking people in the traditional Hindu caste system. Secondly,
the

Allegory Of The Cave Essay
Introduction This brief essay will compare and contrast Socrates' attitude about philosophy as it
exists in the Apology (recorded by Plato) and Allegory of the Cave (also written by Plato in The
Republic) with the Brahmin's view towards it in The Story of the Good Brahmin by Voltaire. I will
conclude the essay by comparing both Socrates' and the Good Brahmin's attitudes to my own view
on philosophy.
Discussion The most important comparison in these three works is the theme of reason versus
happiness, education versus ignorance and being oneself or what others expect someone to be. In the
Apology, as translated on The Internet Classics Archive, Socrates seeks out the politicians, the poet
and the artisans to determine if they are wise and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When he returns to free them and bring them outside, then laugh and ridicule him out of their own
ignorance. In the end he decides it is better to live in the light, alone, than to comply and conform
with the others and their incorrect and incipient ideas about reality (The Internet Classics Archive |
The Republic by Plato, n.d.). The Brahmin in Voltaire's story, after admitting that although others
come to him for instruction, enlightenment and religious communion, he himself never experiences
such things and he is miserable about his plight. After encountering a woman who is ignorant of
such questions as to the nature of her soul, yet is content and happy, the Brahmin tells the narrator
that he did not desire such happiness if it meant giving up his reason and education for obliviousness
(Voltaire Story of a Good Brahmin, 2003). The important contrast that need to be made between
Socrates in the Apology and the Cave–dweller in the Allegory with the Brahmin of Voltaire is that
he is quite despondent about being one the few with wisdom and education while the others are
quite content to be on the outside and above the unintelligent

Ghashiram Ktwal Character Analysis
Man's hunger for power and status is not new. In his race for power and fame he sacrifices even his
blood relations. Present paper highlights the same fact by preseting a review on Vijay Tendulkar's
play Ghashiram Kotwal, where Ghashiram sacrifices his own daughter and makes a deal with Nana
Phadnavis and becomes the kotwal of Pune just to get power and to take revenge of his insult. This
results into victimization of people which in turn leads to his destruction as well as his own
daughter's life also gets sacrificed in this power game.
Keywords : power politics, victimization, misuse of power, harassment, sacrifice, power game.
Man being a political animal is always hungry for power and status and his struggle for power,
tyranny, sufferings and submission has been a non stop process since ancinet times . In the power
game man is either ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the main focus is not on history but on contemporary political scene. In the book Ghashiram
Kotwal: A Reader's Companion, Tendulkar says, " This is a non–historical opera like legend based
on history. Ghashiram is an offspring of a specific social situation. This social situation of
Ghashiram goes beyond the time and place. Although the author undertakes all the responsibility of
the historical base of the episode , he does not intend to express his opinion on the Peshwa regime,
Nana Phadnavis and Ghashiram Kotwal in their so called authentic life stories in the relevant
history. (20)––––––––––––––––
In an interview Manoj Bhise says, " In Ghashiram Kotwal, Tendulkar uses history but he does not
merely record it. Much in the same way as T.S. Eliot's Murder in the Cathedral does. Though Eliot
has scrupulously adhered to the historical details, his play isabout the large topic – it is a deep
searching study of Christian sainthood. In the same way, Tendulkar has used history to illuminate a
much larger question of power politics."

Christianity, Religion, And Religion
I have spent my entire life growing up in the greater philadelphia area, and throughout my time here
I have only been exposed to one type of religion which is Christianity. I grew up going to a Catholic
school, and I quickly learned that Jesus was the one true God. From this moment on I believed that
Jesus was the only way to praise and worship God. Since I was brainwashed into this I was under
the impression that we would be learning about all prehistoric religions that were all incorrect.
However, I learned quickly that although these religions were prehistoric some of their rituals did
relate to Catholic practices. Religions provide us with a base for morality and help us to answer the
questions like how humans got here. Christianity is the religion that I believe in, however i think it is
important to evaluate and understand other religions because they provide us with different views on
our human condition. The aboriginal tribes were the first prehistoric religion that we studied;
prehistoric religions provided us with insight on how older religions understood the world around
them. Their religion is broken down into three separate parts; the first part are the "Creation Beings,
many are involved with the creation of people, the landscape, and aspects of the environment, such
as the creation of red, yellow or white pigments, so can be called "Creation Figures" or "Creation
Beings" (Religion and Ceremony). This first beings are the being that are given credit

Siddhartha, By Hermann Hesse
Siddhartha Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse was a very interesting book to read. I found it to be a very
interesting way for people, like myself, who are not Hindus, and who do not live in India to learn
about the Indian and Hindu culture and religion without being there physically to experience it. This
book is about a boy, Siddhartha, who is probably somewhere in his teenage years. He lives with his
father, who is a Brahmin, they live together in ancient India. As in many cases, there is an
expectation that Siddhartha is going to follow in his father's footsteps. If this were to take place then
Siddhartha would become a Brahmin and do the same types of things in his life that his father has
done in his. I particularly liked this book because I felt as though it was something that many people
can relate to. While a lot of people, at least not in the United States, do not have the expectation of
becoming a Brahmin, there are a lot of children and young adults who are expected to follow what
their parents have done in their life, or what if not following their exact path then they are expected
to follow the path that their parents have chosen for them. Going back to the book, Siddhartha
continues to struggle after he and his friend hang out together, and everything is perfect, but then, all
of a sudden he doesn't feel anything, he isn't happy, which concerned him because it was something
that would normally make him and other people very happy. Siddhartha, the book, is about

Anita Ru Badami Themes
Rabindranat Tagore, khushwant singh, Bhabani Bhattacharya, Arun Joshi Anita Desai,
shashideshpande, Bharathi mukherjee, Nargis Dalal, R.K. Narayan, Anita Rau Badami are some of
the famous writers who presented their novels by concentrating on the depiction of the women's
freedom and social reality of all the time many diasporic writers are in particular to emerge the
cultural mix of times impacted by the globalization and the growth of many fields. Some writers are
there like Karandesai, V.S.Naipaul, Harikunjru, Anita Desai used to write about the problems faced
by the people in their nation home and native. These writers contest the difference between the
culture in both east and west. Anita Rau Badami dazzling literary follow, up after the novel
Tamarind Mem, The hero's walk. It was a novel teeming with wreckage and folly of normal lives.
The hero's walk uncovers the terrain of family and the excuse through the lives. In this novel Anita
Rau Badami explained so many things like disappointment. Loss, circumstances of the life by not
losing the dignity set in all of us. It was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nandana. In this novel he was portrayed as a middle class copy writer struggling to fulfil his social
economic and family obligations. He was a simple man not even believed in ostentatious displays(3)
he was too ordinary to have secrets(9) His mother Ammaya's wish Sripathi Rao to be a doctor But
he disappointed her mother's wish by not doing Medicine His father Narsimha Maintained their
house in good manner. But Sripathi Rao was not at all interested in maintaining the beautiful big
house. Sripathi Rao's mother remembers her youth, Her husband's name was Naraismha rao, After
six miscarriages, Sripathi was the seventh child of eight children and only son to Ammayya. So the
family priest was called to predict infant's birth chart. The astrologer

The Son Of The Brahmin Essay
Josh Anderson A.P. World History Mr. Annunziata Siddhartha Outline Section 1: The Son of The
Brahmin Siddhartha is the handsome son of a respected Brahmin (religious leader/priest) in a village
in India Everyone expects Siddhartha to become a Brahmin, just like his father; due to the fact that
he is already excelling in all of the religious practices and ceremonies that they have Brahmin
participate in Siddhartha's closest friend Govinda (another son of a Brahmin) looks up to and
especially admires and respects him Despite excelling in all of the rituals Brahmins do, Siddhartha is
unsatisfied and longs for more knowledge and wisdom, believing that although the Brahmins did
possess some keys to achieve total spiritual enlightenment, they could not teach him everything he
needed to obtain total spiritual enlightenment Siddhartha notices that all of his Brahmin teachers
have still not achieved total spiritual enlightenment, this leads him to believe he has learned
everything the Brahmins had to offer One day, a group of Sharmanas pass through the village
Siddhartha is living in, they are starved, practically naked, and look quite unwell to say the least.
Sharamanas believe that total spiritual enlightenment can be reached through physical pain and
rejection of most things needed to survive (living on the bare minimum of resources necessary to
live), this is also referred to as asceticism Siddhartha realizes that the way the Sharmanas believe
they can reach

Hindu Caste System: The Four Castes In Hindu Society
Dictionary.com defines a Hindu Caste as "any of the social divisions into which Hindu society is
traditionally divided, each caste having its own privileges and limitations, transferred by inheritance
from one generation to the next." The Hindu caste system divides the Hindus into four hierarchical
ranked castes, also referred to as the varnas. These castes include the Brahmins, Kshatriya ,Vaishya,
and the Shudra. According to study.com, the Brahmins were known to be the priestly class of Hindu
society. They are considered to be priests and teachers of the law. They were the only members of
the four castes that were allowed to teach the Vedas, which is known to be the most sacred texts of
the Hindu society. Although the Brahmins are ranked

Backward Class Case Study
The Indian Constitution: A Case Study of Backward Classes by Ratna G. Revankar(83). deals with
the problems of the Backward Classes in the vast subcontinent of India. Specific discussions
concentrate on social–reform particulars such as housing, social services, industrial and agricultural
participation, and especially, educational opportunities.Valuable information regarding the caste
system in India from ancient days to now.
Chouhan, B.R.(1967)(84): Leadership in Rajasthan Village' in Vidyathi (ed) Leadership in India,
Asia Publishing House, Bombay. This book is a collection of papers prepared for a seminar on
"Leaderhip in India" held at Ranchi in August, 1962. It starts with an apology. S.C.Dube in his ...
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By the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of this centry, they aspired to rise in the
case hierarchy. As a first step they followed the path of Sanskritisation, adopting the ritals and the
life style of the upper castes. They invented legends about their ancestors and demanded higher
social status. The Marathas, the Mails, the Sagar Dhangars of Maharashtra, the Kurmis and the
Yadavas of Bihar, the Koils of Gujarat, the kaibarttas of West Bengal, the lingayats of Karnataka and
the Telis of Orissa followed the path of Sanskritisation in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
However, the upper–caste non–Brahmins of Tamilnadu did not follow this path for attaining higher
status in the caste structure. They challenged: the higher status of the Brahmin. In the case of the
former, the upper castes were the reference group for the backward castes, whereas in the latter case,
the non–Brahmins preferred to consider themselves Dravidians I,e, natives of the area, and
considered Brahmins alien intruders. Was a widerspread belief at the turn of the century that the
Brahmins were racially different from the non–Brahmins. The non–Brahmins believed that they
were the creators of 'southern Tamil' culture, whereas the mins were the guardians of the 'northern
Sanskrit;

Is The Human Mind?
As human beings of modern civilization, residing within our own little robust domains, we continue
to substantiate the stipulation that certain tasks must be completed a certain way...for a certain
reason...for a certain cause. Indeed, the human mind cannot formulate an antithesis to justify such
reasoning as flawed, yet, destiny can, in a very eased manner maneuver the plan and deviate the
route/preparation initially created to carry out the task...some call this misfortune, others call it a
blessing. But when one gains the capability to observe the broader spectrum, this "misfortune or
blessing" formulates into an ironic incident that may, once again, teach us that we are indeed the
underdogs, the we are puppets of this world, controlled by a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It's believed by society that they hold the profound knowledge that gives them the prestige to be
holy man, but is knowledge really the essential factor that leads one to the inner world?... Within the
intrigues of a young noble Brahmin named Siddhartha, praised and honored by society, this question
begins to replay itself like a broken disk, unable to move from the same section (in Siddhartha's
case, same pragmatic rituals). Through the eyes of the world, Siddhartha seems as the ideal
Brahmin, mastering the ways of meditation and rituals... "Already he knew how to pronounce Om
silently...already he knew how to recognize the Atman within the depth of his being..." (pg. 3 &4) he
was the son that any Hindu parent wished to have. Through the eyes of society, everything seemed
perfect, but satirically enough, Siddhartha felt anything but ideal. He "begun to feel the seeds of
discontent within him" (pg. 5) these seeds sprouted reality from the ground, and made him realized
that "...his intellect was not satisfied, his soul was not at peace, [and] his heart was not still..." (pg.5)
Doubt crept into his mind as the Brahmins passed on to him the bulk and the best of their knowledge
into his waiting vessel (pg. 5), a vessel that later came to discover what they, the Brahmins, lacked
"the only important thing" (pg. 6)... the source within one's Self (pg. 7). It's through such eye–
opener

The Legend Of Subbanna Summary
The play is a monologue based on the legend of Veeranna who belongs to the chitradurga region of
Karnataka. Before its theatrical effectiveness in the play the legend is incorporated from Kannada
writer, T.R. Subbanna's (Knows as TaRaSu) novel, Hamsageethe (Swan Song) Published in 1952.
The title of the novel literally means the 'swan song' of the protagonist, Venkatasubbayya whom
Subbanna inserts in the tale of Veeranna, the archaka of the Hidambeshwara temple. About the
legend narrated in Subbanna's version Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker writes in the 'Introduction" to
his collected Play (Vol.II): The married priest has passionately in love with a mistress to whom he
takes the offering form the temple after the evening prayers. One day the palegar (chieftain)
discovers a hair in the prasada and demands and explanation from Veerganna, who claims that the
hair belongs to god. Challenged by the chieftain to prove the truth of this claim, the priest in turn
challenges god to display hair or accepts his head in punishment, and enters a meditative trance to
the accompaniment of Venkatasubbayya's song. When the chieftain arrives the next day to expose
Veeranna's lie, the Shivalinga has indeed sprouted long silken hair, and when (urged by the singer)
he pulls out a tuft to test its authenticity, blood begins to ooze from the crown of the lingam.
overwhelmed by a sense of sin at having injured the deity, Veeranna beheads himself in eh sanctum
(xxxi).
But

Essay on Siddhartha, Path to Enlightenment
Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse, is the story of a young man searching for enlightenment. Through his
journey, Siddhartha follows several Buddhist and Hindu paths to achieve his ultimate goal of
enlightenment. Siddhartha follows the path of the Brahmin, the Samana, the materialistic gambler,
and eventually the Buddhist middle path. Being the son of a Brahmin, Siddhartha leads a privileged
life, but this isn't enough for him. Siddhartha had an insatiable appetite for knowledge, and after a
time, he leaves his father to find his own path to Nirvana. Although Siddhartha was raised in a strict
Hindu society, his path to Nirvana was a combination of Buddhism, and Hinduism. Siddhartha first
follows the Hindu traditions. He learns from his father ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with the Brahmins, Siddhartha's experience with the Samanas is not a fulfilling one. Hesse
writes, "he slipped out of his Self in a thousand different forms. He was animal, carcass, stone,
wood, water, and each time he reawakened" (Pg–15). Siddhartha learned a great deal from the
Samanas, yet he was still unable to reach enlightenment. During his time with the Samanas,
Siddhartha never saw or heard of a single person achieving enlightenment. Feeling disillusioned
with the teachings of others, Siddhartha decided to leave the Samanas, and seek out the venerable
Buddha. Siddhartha seeks out the Buddha and hears his sermon, but he ultimately decides to seek
his own path to enlightenment. In leaving the Buddha, Siddhartha begins to follow a Buddhist path.
Siddhartha says, "But there is one thing that this clear, worthy instruction does not contain; it does
not contain the secret of what the Illustrious One himself experienced he alone among hundreds of
thousands" (Pg–34). In this part of his journey, Siddhartha realizes that no one can teach him how to
achieve enlightenment. As Gautama did before him, Siddhartha heads out to find his own path to
enlightenment. After leaving Gautama, Siddhartha decides to experience the world of ordinary
living. Siddhartha sees a beautiful young courtesan, Kamala, and begs her to teach him the art of
love. She tells Siddhartha that he

Caste Systems And Indian Caste System
The Indian caste system is historically one of the main elements where people in India are socially
differentiated through classes, religions, regions, tribes, genders, and languages. Caste is a term
which is used to specify a group of people having a specific rank. The Indian term for caste is jati
and generally designates a group that can vary in size from a handful to many thousands. The
various jati are traditionally arranged in hierarchical order and fit into one of the four basic varnas –
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Sudras. Each caste had a clearly defined role. Members of each
caste were obligated to look after one another, so each caste had its own support system. This paper
describes the role of each varnas in the society.
Caste systems played a significant role in the Indian social structure. Brahmins were the top of the
caste system, and they were the priests, teachers, and judges who understood dharma very well.
Dharma was the spiritual laws that govern the universe. The Brahmins served as the spiritual guides
and teachers of the Kshatriya princes and warriors and preached to the political and military elites
about the dharma. They often lived apart from the rest of society in temples. They were minorities in
the society, but they were the highest class in caste. According to author Yadav, the Brahmins
comprised three percent of the population and were ritually placed at the top of the caste pyramid.
They have historically dominated social, cultural, and

Comparing Socrates Apology And Allegory Of The Cave
Running Head: Written Assignment Unit 1
Topic: Compare and Contrast Socrates' Attitude About Philosophy
University of the People
Computer Science Department
Course: Introduction to Philosophy (PHIL 1402)
Date: September 12, 2017
Assignment directions: Compare and contrast Socrates' attitude about philosophy (Apology and
Allegory of the Cave Readings) with the Good Brahmin's (Voltaire) attitude, conclude the essay by
comparing both Socrates' and the Good Brahmin's attitudes to your own view on philosophy.
The paper should be at least 3–5 paragraphs long, the format should include an introduction and
conclusion sections.
Introduction:
Since the beginning of time, man has tried to explore the limit of human knowledge. Human tries to
understand the nature around them and their existence. Philosophy attempts to promote critical,
dialectical thinking that would lead the thinker to knowledge, truth, virtue and good life. But Good
Brahmin attitude about philosophy terms to argue that philosophy doesn't make us either happy or
wealthy. This paper will compare and contrast Socrates' attitude about philosophy based Plato
Apology and the Allegory of Cave with the Good Brahmin's (Voltaire) attitude. The term Apology in
this context has the meaning of an explanation or defense; not the traditional ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They believed that empirical evidence does not ensure knowledge and people should seek
knowledge outside of their senses. That is, when finding the truth and wisdom, one should follow
the philosophical methods. They also believed that people are afraid of knowing philosophical truths
and do not trust

The Axum Empire, Byzantine And Aztec Empires
In many societies, the elites or aristocrats are given the chance to have a more luxurious life than
everyone else. They are handed more political, economic and social power. Specifically in the
Indian, Byzantine and Aztec empires, elites were allowed to have almost complete control over the
people of the land. They are allowed to make, break and enforce rules to their discretion. The
aristocrats were given respect, land, food, and care far superior to anyone else in the region.
The Axum kingdom illustrated the potential of trade to boost economic development and support
political development. Axum was originally a small kingdom whose merchants traded from the port
of Adulis on the Red Sea. While Axumite merchants traded with Muslim merchants on a regular
basis, they were challenged by Muslim forces. However, they were able to maintain independence
and prosperity because of its large participation in trading routes of the Indian Ocean. The term caste
refers to a social class of hereditary and usually unchangeable status. When the Aryans first
implemented the caste system in India, they used the term varna, meaning "color, to refer to major
social classes. There were five main varnas: brahmins (priests); kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats);
vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants); shudras (landless peasants, and serfs); and
untouchables (people who performed unpleasant tasks such as handling dead bodies or butchering
animals). As society became more complex and

Plato's Allegory Of The Cave Readings
It seems to me that the attitudes Socrates, and that of the Brahmin can be best observed by looking
at the secondary characters of the stories. Doing so we can see discover how Plato and Voltaire truly
see their story's hero.
In the Allegory of the Cave Readings the prisoners who were not set free, showed their ignorance of
the real world as their supposed superiority to the returned member of their ranks. He who had
managed to see things as they are, was made fun of because he did not see the same things that they
did. They make fun of his inability to see in the dark as they are accustomed to still, and at his lack
of comprehension of the shadows of the world to which they have become accustomed. Socrates
through Plato's telling of the

How Did The Caste System Affect South Asia
Did the Caste System Influence and/or Impact People Living in South Asia? How would you feel if
you were put into ranks by your wealth and education? The caste system breaks you up into classes
based on your wealth. If you had more wealth, you were put into a higher class. The higher class
was treated with fancy and rich clothes, while the lower class had to live on the outskirts of town
and warn people of their approach. I believe the caste system helped South Asia, but it also ruined
South Asia. I think the caste system helped South Asia because it kept South Asia in order, but I
think the caste system ruined South Asia because it treated people unfairly. First, the caste system is
as many different many becomings. "The caste system historically ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The untouchables had very little pay and bad jobs. You think the untouchables would be at a higher
rank because of their name. You would think nobody could touch them, but it was the complete
opposite. The untouchables had to live on the outskirts of town. They were forced to live on the
outskirts of town because the society feared they would contaminate the purity of others. When they
enter town they would have to smack wooden clappers together, to warn people of their approach.
The untouchable would have to do disgusting jobs like cleaning the sewers and had to take care of
the garbage. The untouchables would also have to be butchers or gravediggers. They were forced to
the gross work because they didn't have the purity like the others. "The untouchables were not part
of the caste system because the Hindu book insisted that they were only four casts and never a fifth"
(Capoly). So, the untouchables were not included into the caste system. The caste system is still
around today in India. The segregation has decreased. There isn't any more untouchables, the
government abolished that. The castes system is now, not as focused on money. I think the caste
system is slowly starting to fall apart. In a couple years, I think the caste system will no longer be
around in

Finding Self In Siddhartha, By Herman Hesse
Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse is about a young Brahmin who wishes to leave his life of
extravagance to find his true Self. On this journey, Siddhartha becomes a member of different
groups or castes. Siddhartha learns many new things from being in these castes about finding Self
and life in general. He learns many new things from teachings an teachers. He learns patience, how
to pray and sacrifice to gods with the Brahmins. With the Samanas, Siddhartha learns how to escape
the Self, to become whatever he pleases. He learned how to live amongst the people with
Kamaswami. Siddhartha learns that not all teachings will please him and too much cleverness may
not always be good from Gotama, also known as the Illustrious one. He learns that everything

How Does Wilkie Collins Present The Theme Of...
William Wilkie Collins was a famous and powerful novelist in the 19th century. Collins' The
Moonstone is said to be the adoptive parent of the great English detective genre. TS Eliot, claiming
that the genre was "invented by Collins and not by Poe", declared it to be "the first, the longest and
the best of modern English detective novel"(Ronald 179). Collins' childhood and adulthood
influenced the novel, The Moonstone. Collins was born to the notable landscape artist, William
Collins. At a youthful age, Collins was sent away to the English Cole's Boarding School. Collins
was an odd–looking child, he "was born with a prominent bulge on his "disproportionately large
head" and to make matters worse, Collins was only five feet and six inches tall. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Collins states in The Moonstone that, the Brahmins never had a chance in the world of getting back
the moonstone, however, they stood up to the English (Collins 11–16). The Brahmins' task in life
was to protect the moonstone, which belonged to the four–handed Indian goddesses, Chandra
(Collins 11–12). The goddess "commanded that the Moonstone... be watched ... by three priests in
night and day, to the end of the generations of men" (Collins 12). The Brahmins carried out
Chandra's task diligently, until the Moonstone was taken by the sultans and then Herncastle (Collins
12–15). The three Brahmins awaited their chance to get the moonstone for many generations, and
even crossed the sea to seize their stone from the English(Wells 306). However, Godfrey Ablewhite
was not as courageous and noble–minded as the Brahmins. Ablewhite, a reputable Englishman and
the fiancé of Rachel Verinder, is the actual thief of the moonstone. Ablewhite wants to marry Rachel
only because of her money or steal the moonstone to pay off his debt . When Rachel refuses him, the
moonstone is taken by Ablewhite and the curse of the Moonstone is put on him (Wells 310). The
complete polar characterization between the Brahmins and Ablewhite helps to illustrate Collins'
anti–imperialism. The Brahmins as noble–minded and courageous beings, the Brahmins see the
valuable

Infinite Enlightenment In Siddhartha
Judi Diab
201603583
CVSP 111
Professor Eric Goodfield.
The Infinite Fragments of Siddhartha
An Analysis of the Various Elements of Siddhartha's Development.
Siddhartha experiences the conflict of the strengths of interior belief to that of exterior direction
throughout every chapter of the novel. During his adolescence, Siddhartha's skepticism of
variegated religions, both Brahmanism and the teachings of Samana, inflict a sense of uncertainty
within Siddhartha. Upon the meeting of Gautama and the appearance of Buddhism, Siddhartha
arrives at the realization that the path to nirvana cannot be learned through the teachings of others;
on the contrary, enlightenment is achieved through personal experiences and a deep understanding
of one's own soul. Abandoning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout each chapter of the story, Hesse manages to clearly convey that while Siddhartha carries
a great level of independence and diligence to committing to his own beliefs, ultimately his
revelations, or so–called moments of "Awakening" are aroused by the his response to the direction
of others. However, it is blatantly evident that it is not the literal teachings or preaching of the sub–
characters which influence these revelations, but rather the value of the sub–characters' personal
actions or experiences within the eyes of Siddhartha . Hesse conveys, through the experiences and
actions of these sub characters, the weight each character carries in the construction of Siddhartha's
own personal beliefs. In some cases, it is Siddhartha's skepticism or defiance of the sub–characters'
teachings that determine his future actions; in other scenarios, it is Siddhartha's determination to
acquire a similar level of serenity which certain characters seem to exude which establishes his
proceeding

Differences Between Ancient China And Ancient India
Social order, the fundamental concept that outlines the way that social structures and cultural aspects
like beliefs and values come together in order to maintain order in a society. Both Vedic India and
Ancient China established a stratified structure that served as an outline to maintaining social order
within their civilizations. Those that were in the high class had their spot at the top of the pyramid
while others like the working class were at the lowest of the pyramid. In Vedic India, the social
pyramid was made up of Brahmins (Priests), Khsatriyas (Warriors), Vaishyas (merchants land
owners), Shudras (Servants), and lastly were the Untouchables which were considered to be out of
caste. Brahmins, Khsatriyas, and Vaishyas were known as twice born groups since they are at the top
of the social pyramid. In China, the emperor was the top of the pyramid followed by nobles and
officials, peasants, artisans, and merchants. This social structure served as an outline to their society.
In Vedic India, the elites were the ones that maintained all of the power, they controlled the social
structure. They controlled the government, created laws, and most importantly they had the power of
faith and culture. The elites were made up of the class known as Brahmins which are the priest class.
In order to maintain high status, the Brahmins made it peoples duty to forbid any one to marry
someone outside of their cast in order to prevent what they consider

Allegory Of The Cave Readings And Good Brahmin's By Voltaire
The first written assignment for this class is to compare the different philosophy viewpoints of
Plato's Apology and Allegory of the Cave Readings with Good Brahmin's by Voltaire. A
recapitulation of the Apology, Allegory of the Cave Readings and Good Brahmin's will provided,
evaluating each story's position. Finally, concluding both Socrates' and the Good Brahmin's into my
own philosophical understanding and perspective.
First, Apology. This is Plato's narrative of Socrates trial for charges "that Socrates is a doer of evil,
and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the state, and has other new
divinities of his own." (Apology, 2017) by a man named Meletus. Socrates argue that he concealed,
dissembled and knows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through time, his knowledge and body adjusted; including his eyesight to the real world. He
returned to the cave to share his realization to the rest of the prisoners. However, with his body and
eyesight calibrated for the real world, he was unable to see and view shadows in the cave properly.
The rest of the prisoners then concluded that his exploration affected him, viewed him as idiotic and
refused to be freed from the cave. In my view, Plato's message here is how people are comfortable
with their own point of view; belief system that they prefer to stay behind that belief or viewpoint as
opposed to exploring the possibility of the real truth.
Last, Voltaire's Story of a Good Brahmin. The Good Brahmin is about an old Brahmin, "a very wise
man, of marked intellect and great learning. Furthermore, he was rich and consequently, all the
wiser, because, lacking nothing, he needed to deceive nobody." (Good Brahmin, 2017) Even with all
the materials, knowledge and achievements, the Brahmin is very discontent with his life and has
wished not be born. The Brahmin have an elderly woman neighbor, although ignorant, is very
content and happy with her life. Yet, the Brahmin would not trade places and rather be intellectual
and miserable than being an illiterate full of innocent happiness. In Voltaire's point, "there is a
tremendous contradiction in this mode of thought, for, after all, the problem is – how to be happy."

Brahmin Caste: An Aftermath
I have to respectfully disagree with Rachel Stermer's claim that General Hooker having a greater
rank then Colonel Robert Shaw represented a class bias because General Hooker received a
monument more significant than that of Colonel Shaw. The Colonel could not be a victim of class
bias because he himself came from one of the most prominent families in Boston, and was a
member of Boston's elite Brahmin caste: "A class representative of what Oliver Wendell Holmes had
dubbed the "Brahmin caste" and its symbol of moral superiority, he came from one of the city's
wealthiest and most venerable families" (Kessler 34). Thus, since both Shaw and Hooker were
members of prestigious social circles, one could not be biased towards the other because their
economic status was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "Great Man" idea disregards the work of the individual solders who gave up their identities and
lives to lead the Union flag into battle. Moreover, those who served as soldiers, regardless of color,
where the poor. The "Great Man" was often a member of a wealthy and affluent family who had the
privilege to go into a military academy and be commissioned as an officer and then work their way
up from there. Therefore, the Hooker statue, which honors the "Great Man", acts as a class bias
towards the soldiers of the 54th regiment and all other soldiers of proletarian background who
served in the Union army during the civil war. In the end, while disagreeing with Rachel's claim that
the Hooker statue acted as a class bias towards Shaw, I do agree with her claim that the Shaw
memorial was racially progressive for its time. The impact of the memorial is greater the size of the
memorial, because for the first time African–American soldiers were given the public respect they
deserved for the sacrifices they made for the

Indi Challenging Indian Religious Authority
Challenging Indian Religious Authority "Your vision will become clear when you look into your
heart. Who looks outside dreams. Who looks inside, awakens"– Carl Jung. Siddhartha is a novel by
Hermann Hesse, was written in 1922 right after the World War 1. In short, it is a journey of a
Brahmin 's son Siddhartha– transitioning from spiritual to materialistic and back to the spiritual
world to attain self–realization, authenticity, and spirituality. The novel 's setting takes place in
ancient India, during the period of the Gautama Buddha (The Sublime One). Below, I will show
how Siddhartha's story legitimates Hinduism, but challenges both Hinduism and Buddhism.
According to Siddhartha neither Brahmins, Samanas nor Buddha can teach how to attain Nirvana,
they can only guide, which challenges both Hindu and Buddhist teachings. However, legitimation of
Indian religious authority is depicted through his instructor that guides him towards enlightenment,
who is the father of Hindu God Krishna–Vasudeva. Thanks to him, he was able to finally
comprehend OM–the unity of all things (Indian mantra) by listening to the river 's secrets. In
addition, throughout the novel legitimation of Indian religious authority was revealed in its use of
Indian religious and philosophical concepts. At first, Siddhartha challenges Indian religious
authority by rejecting the Brahmins teachings and the Samanas way of life. He states:" I am no
longer who I was, I am no longer an ascetic, I am no

Siddhartha Research Paper
Siddhartha is a son of a Brahmin who initially seeks wisdom by following the Brahmin philosophy.
In simple terms, Brahmins are member of highest priestly caste in Hinduism. Their main obligation
is to meditate with and praying to gods, and they are much respected in Hindu society due to their
intelligence and their knowledge of the Hindu scriptures called the Vedas....Transition ? In addition,
Siddhartha loves his parents and everyone else in his village. The wise old Brahmins of his village
and his best friend Govinda believe that Siddhartha is going to be a great leader among Brahmins.
Moreover, Siddhartha practices Hindu rituals and absorbs the Hindu scriptures, yet he feels
something is missing. "Siddhartha [wonders] along the rosy path of

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Castes?
thought was the prime instrument of enslaving the Tamilians. By 1939, Naicker was demanding a
separate Dravidistan. But for the self–respect movement, the elite non–Brahmins of Madras would
in course of time, have been as isolated from the lower caste groups, as the Lingayat and Vokkaliga
leaders in Karnataka came to be at the end of the sixties. In 1944, the Justice Party was reconstituted
as the Dravida Kazhagam, which was imbued with not only an anti–Brahmin, anti–North, anti–
Hindi ideology but also with separatist sub–nationalism. In 1947, the Communal G.O. of 1927 was
revised. The 1947 G.O. was historic because for the first time the non–Brahmin castes were
bifurcated into non–Brahmin Hindus and non–Brahmin backward Hindus. Obviously, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Lingayats constituted 15% of the State's population and Vokkaligas about 11%. The first Chief
Ministers of the expanded Karnataka State belonged to the patronage. After the reorganization, the
new leaders extended the communal reservation scheme to the entire State. As a result of a number
of court cases culminating in the famous Balaji judgment, the Government ordered in 1963, 30%
reservation for the Other Backward Classes and 18% for Scheduled Castes and Tribes. The
beneficiaries of this scheme were the politically dominant castes of Lingayats and Vokkaligas. This
gave rise to considerable resentment among other minority castes, who found themselves left high
and dry. Devraj Urs, who rose as the leader of the Congress (I), very carefully and sedulously
cultivated the non–Lingayat and non–vokkaliga communities. It was primarily the consolidation of
this base that enabled him to rule the State from 1972 to

The Story Of A Good Brahmin By Ray Bradbury
In his short story, "The Story of a Good Brahmin," Voltaire recants a tale of a man who visits a
wealthy old philosopher and deliberates whether it is more rewarding to live a life where ignorance
is bliss or a life of philosophy, where knowledge is the ultimate goal. Similarly, in Ray Bradbury's
short story, "The Last Night of the World," he astutely deduces that the meaning of any life is
relative to the person living it. Both philosophical works of fiction, Bradbury's "The Last Night of
the World" and Voltaire's "The Story of a Good Brahmin" prove the theme of life through analyzing
the distinction between knowledge and ignorance of life's purposes, individual and collective
interpretations of life's inherent value, as well as certainty and uncertainty in interpreting the true
meaning of existence. Firstly, while considering the respective eras of the two philosophical works
of fiction, Voltaire and Bradbury emphasize the distinction between knowledge and ignorance in
how one evaluates the meaning of life. Primarily, through exhibiting tranquility in the moments
where mankind is aware of its fateful demise (Bradbury, para 44) in stark contrast to the chaos, joy
and ignorance the kids of the story experience (Bradbury, para 39), Bradbury argues that one's
perception of personal meaning is correlated to their understanding of fate. On the contrary, while
Bradbury discusses the significance of knowledge, Voltaire highlights the distinction between
knowledge and

White Teeth by Zadie Smith
1. Samad's great–grandfather, Mangal Pande was the first of the sepoys in the Bengal army to fire a
shot at a British soldier setting off a revolt against the British. However, the circumstances of the
events that unfolded are greatly debated as to whether he was drunk when he shot the soldier and so
on (209). However, for Samad, Pande represents an unsung hero of eastern culture, preserving the
culture of Bengal from the British (215). Samad also views Pande as a name that he must live up to;
Pande had a mark on history and so Samad felt that he had to do his best to live to the name and be
successful in the military (76/77).
2. Clara was driven away from her old life because of Ryan Topps. Originally she used him as a way
of getting away from her old family and as a way of living a double life; the life she lived at home
(around her mother) and the life she lived around Ryan's companions Merlin, Wan–Si and so on
(32). However, Ryan eventually becomes enamored with the idea of the rapture and being saved
from Gods fury and takes up the beliefs of Jehovah's Witness. He soon joins forces with Clara's
mother in an effort to bring Clara back to God in a last effort to save her. This in turn drives Clara
completely away from Ryan and her family (36). It was after all this loss that she met Archie and for
her, it seems he was her "last man on Earth" (38).
3. Samad has a glorified idea of who he really was. Obviously he takes into account the downfalls of
losing the function of

Ants Among Elephants Summary
The way in which Hindu concepts develop in Sujatha Gidla's Ants Among Elephants vary
drastically, as expected, from the development of Hindu concepts in the United States. Rather than
documenting the development of Hindu traditions outside of a Hindu–majority country, Gidla
relates stories of growing up Christian in overwhelmingly Hindu India. Ants documents the stories
and lives of many of Gidla's family members, focusing predominantly on her mother and uncles,
who were communist revolutionaries and low–caste, "untouchable" Christians in India during the
early and mid–20th century.
Being Christian in a Hindu–dominated country, Gidla's family was designated untouchable, the
lowest caste of people. She writes of being Christian that "Christians are lowly. Hindus are superior.
Christians are weak. Hindus are powerful" (Gidla 6) and that untouchables' "hereditary duty... is to
labor in the fields of others or to do other work that Hindu society considers filthy" (Gidla 4). As
such, her family was extremely impoverished, with very little ability or opportunity – even after
several of them had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
India is the birthplace of Hinduism, and as such the landscape of India is geographically sacred to
the religion. Diana Eck writes "For many of the diverse people who might loosely be called Hindu,
the unity of India is not simply that of a nation–state, but that of geographic belonging, enacted in
multiple ways" (Eck 45). That is, India's geography is of rich significance to Hindus, and Hindu
religiosity and ritual developed through deep relationships with the natural surroundings. Eck notes
that "What interests us about India's landscape, however, is not simply that it is spectacular, diverse,
and dramatic, but that it is alive with myths and stories" (Eck 49). These spectacular geographic
features, like the Himalayas and the Ganga river, remain concentrated centers of Hindu spirituality
and mythology to this

The Roles Of The Sutradhar And The Chorus
The Sutradhar and the Chorus are essential in a musical play as they add charm and glory to the
prosaic play with refrain and songs.
The Chorus is a group of people who comment on moral values and also fill in the time span and
action off the stage. It is similar to the role of Sutradhar. In European literary plays both the narrator
and the chorus are not unitedly used. They either have a narrator or the chorus. But in Marathi
drama originated from the Tamasha, the Sutradhar and the Chorus can appear altogether. When both
are used in unison, mostly it serves the purpose of refrain only. It picks up and repeats the last few
words spoken by the main character. However the role of the Chorus is not limited to repetition and
commentary, but sometimes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Dr. Jabbar Patel, it is different from the effect that Brecht, the German playwright
intended to create. According to Brecht 'Modem theatre is epic theatre', the effect created by
Tendulkar in Ghashiram is the exact opposite of Brecht's technique and is much more effective for a
larger audience.
In Marathi folk tradition the Sutradhar introduces the play and greets the audience and then goes off
the stage. But Ghashiram Kotwal, being a combination of classical, folk, and modern form, the
sutradhar stays on the play from beginning to the end. Tendulkar's brilliant fusion of Bharata's
Lokdharmi and Natyadharmi makes this play one of a kind. It is one such play where the Sutradhar
can comment or even directly talk to the audience, or stand by silently as a spectator. The role of the
Sutradhar is played by Haridasa in the play. He is an actor and a commentator. The Sutradhar
comments on the incidents rhythmically. And it is followed with the last rhyming words by the
Brahmin line. The play is truly an innovative experiment that offers a new direction to modern
Indian Theatre due to Tendulkar's

Comparing The Apology, Allegory, And The Good Brahmin
At first glance, the themes in the Apology, Allegory, and The Good Brahmin appear to be nearly
identical. Each story shows a quest or thirst for knowledge. Or at least the understanding of the
desire for knowledge. Each of the writings draws an extremely important distinction. The each
divide people into two separate classifications. There are those people that know that they know
nothing and thus embark on an endless pursuit of knowledge. Then, there are those that believe they
know it all, or perhaps do not care. Each writing seems to indicate or at the very least allude to the
fact that the easier and happier road is one of ignorance. But the more difficult yet fulfilling road is
the pursuit of knowledge. Lastly, each of the examples seems to put some emphasis on educating
others. It is not enough to free yourself of the bonds of ignorance. Once you have done this, it is
only right that you help others. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, both the Allegory and the Good Brahmin seem to come across as parables or short stories
created with the intent to teach a lesson or illustrate a point. The Apology on the other hand is the
thoughts of a man on who knows he is on trial for his life. While you would think that something
like that would elicit all kinds of emotion, it comes across just the opposite. The Apology, while
Socrates is clearly pleading his case, rings of logic. The opposite seems true of The Good Brahmin.
While it is clearly rooted in logic, the Brahmin comes across saturated in emotion. The Allegory also
seems devoid of emotion. It appeals more to logic but serves to illustrate a point

Hinduism And Feminism And Hinduism : Power And Knowledge
Knowledge is a great way to manipulate and influence people and the tool which is used to
manipulate them, is power and It can be a threat, fear, or greed. During the formation of Hinduism,
power and knowledge played a pivotal role. Hinduism was a term which was used by the British to
address people in India, Hindu. Hinduism was a colonial invention and it was used by the British in
the 19th century. In the construction of Hinduism, there were not only British scholars, missionaries,
or administrators who created Hinduism but the crucial role also been played by the indigenous
Brahmanical elite men. Hinduism was a creation of the western orientalists and since British had
colonized India and they had the power of authority to apply their knowledge of Hinduism so
nobody questioned them, and, even though British left India in 1947, the creation of Hinduism and
Colonialism had a great impact on post–colonial period.
Orientalism is not neutral, it relates to Power and Knowledge. The people who have the power, they
can use knowledge to influence people. Orientalism is collecting knowledge of East and that relates
to western colonialism and they used it to conquer the east. Western orientalist kind of paved the
way for the British people to come and vanquish India. For Orientalist, East was mystical and they
wanted to explore it. West was the center and they impute all the imagination on the east. Since West
was the power, they always put themselves always on the right side. For

's Attitude Of The Character Of Voltaire And Voltaire
Of all of the disciplines mankind has invented, such as mathematics, the arts and sciences, none is
more fundamental than philosophy. Philosophy is the most basic and fundamental disciple in that it
asks the question of "why". "Why am I here? Why do I exist? Do I exist? What is my purpose? Why
do I act this way? Why do others act that way?"
Beyond philosophy, all of the other art & science disciplines simply are there to "fill in the details"
about life.
Throughout human history, mankind has wondered these questions and developed an ever refining
system of honing the skills needed for teasing out the true answers to these questions. Two such
philosophers are Socrates and Voltaire. One was alive during what might be considered the "golden
age" of philosophical thought; 4th century b.c. Greece. Voltaire, 17th century Paris. In this essay I
will compare and contrast Socrates attitude of the importance of philosophy to the Good Brahmin
fictional character of Voltaire.
Socrates was one of the "founding fathers" of the discipline of philosophy. He made it his "job". He
saw it as a tool to improve the lives of Athens citizens. He understood that people are naturally good
and only do "bad" things out of ignorance or misunderstanding. He believed that by using logic and
reson, people can make moral choices and therefore live a better life. For him Philosophy was a tool
to use for learning and teaching.
One of his allegories is that of the Cave. In it, he describes how man starts

Role Of Women In Rigveda
Though women were suppressed from the ancient period, whenever there was a possibility they
have raised their voice and asked their rights. The best example is that the conversation between
Yama and Yami. Yami expressed her physical desire over her brother Yama however, he refused her
opinion. It shows that women had freedom to express her feelings and opinion in the family. In
Rigveda some of the Rishikas name mentioned are Aditi, Indramatalu, Indrani, Urvasi, Ghosa, Juhu,
Bharadvaja, Ratri, Surya,Viswavara etc. Among those women, Viswavara and Ghosa were
considered as historical characters. It gives an idea about that some of the Rishika were fighting for
their place and identity in the society. Then also, the brahminical tradition repressed the voice of
women. At the outset Hindu Brahmanical tradition denied women the right to asceticism. On the
other hand, after many centuries, Bhakti movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Shaiva devoted couple Sumati and Nirmalashetti had no children for long time. After visiting
several Shaiva temples, sumati was conceived and delivered a girl child. They named the child as
Mahadevi. She grew up as bright girl and a maiden of surpassing beauty. One day king Kaushika,
while returning from the ground, had seen the Mahadevi who was sitting in front of her house. After
seeing her he fallen in love with her and stopped his elephant at her place. Mahadevi became aware
that she herself was the object of king Kaushika and Mahadevi moved inside the house immediately.
He went to his palace and informed to his ministers that he wants to marry Mahadevi. Ministers
went to nirmalashetti house to describe the message of the king. The Akkamahadevi parent's
nirmalashetti and sumati got fear and informed her king's decision. Mahadevi rejected the proposal
of the minister saying that he is non Shaivate. Mahadevi was a devotee of Chenna Mallikarjuna
from her childhood and decided to marry only him, not any earthly

Siddhartha's Journey To Enlightenment
"Whatever precious jewel there is in the heavenly worlds, there is nothing comparable to one who is
Awakened", the Buddha. The novel Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse, shows us the journey of the
main character, Siddhartha, to enlightenment. Along his path to enlightenment Siddhartha meets
numerous teachers. Each teacher teaches him in a different way than the others. Along his way
Siddhartha learns that the role each of the teachers played was important and without one them he
would have never reached enlightenment. Siddhartha's first teachers are the Brahmins and
Siddhartha's father were a colossal element of Siddhartha's journey to Nirvana. While with the
Brahmins, Siddhartha learned all of the basic teachings. "The Brahmins and their holy books

The Political Career of Kamarajar
The political career of Kumaraswamy Kamaraj (1903–1975) spanning about 50 years, cutting across
the colonial and post–independent phases, of Indian history, is indeed an enviable record.
Representing a novel political culture neither bordering on Gandhian thought and action nor
possessing the anglicised sophistication and cosmopolitanism of the Nehruvian vision, Kamaraj,
rose from an underprivileged background, stood forth as a sober and robust figure winning the
confidence and respect of the common people.
He showed a rare political acumen and the uncanny ability to grasp social and political realities from
the grass roots level upwards. A hard core political realist, his political life was never governed by
any high theories or fancy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E V Ramasamy was arrested in December 1938 and imprisoned for a year.
This confrontation sharpened the conflict between the non–Brahmins and Brahmins within the
Congress organisation. The agitation was continued till Rajaji had to opt for making Hindi an
optional subject in schools in February 1940. At this crucial moment, Rajaji's candidate, C P
Subbiah, was defeated by K Kamaraj with the support of the Brahmin leader, Satyamurthi. Kamaraj
was elected as the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress in 1940, the post which he held till he
became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1954.
The advent of Kamaraj as the party boss from a low caste non–Brahmin background made a
"powerful appeal to the vast non–Brahmin majority" and attracted the non–Brahmin elites and the
political–minded elements "who had long resented the power and privileges" of the Brahmins, and
broadened the social base of the Congress.7 The non–Brahmin presence in the Congress gained
ground, rallying around Kamaraj, a 'rustic' leader who transformed the Congress into a people's
party championing the causes of the lower castes. Kamaraj grew steadily from strength to strength
displaying his organising skills to control men and matters. During these years his contact with the
people and the respect

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