Taking A Look At Air Pollution

Taking a Look at Air Pollution
Air Pollution Generally any substance that people introduce into the atmosphere has damaging effects on living things and the environment. Human
activities have been highlighted as the major causes of air pollution, especially in the cities. For children with asthma in California, there is no place
worse than Imperial County. They are far more likely than children in any other county to end up in the emergency room or hospitalized. Kids go the
ER for asthma at a rate three times higher than the state's average, according to the Department of Public Health. One in five of Imperial County's
children ages 5 to 17 has been diagnosed with the chronic respiratory disease, which cannot be cured but can be managed with medication.
Uncontrolled asthma can lead to hospitalization and in rare cases, death. In 2009, a 16–year–old girl died after an asthma attack. Imperial County is
known for its poor air quality, in part because of its unpaved roads, agricultural tilling and industrial pollution from Mexico. The county's air pollution
control district has made progress in improving the air quality, but it still far exceeds federal health standards for airborne particulates. And that,
according to the EPA, can increase the number and severity of asthma attacks among residents. Asthma is so prevalent among the students at Barbara
Worth Elementary School in Brawley that the principal sends air quality alerts to his teachers and regularly cancels outdoor activities. Students keep
inhalers
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Environmental Issues Of Air Pollution
Environmental Issues
A. Introduction
Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their
way into the air. We as humans depend on the air around us to live, without it we would die. We rely on this as an essential source for living.
Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. It is another major problem that is yet to be solved. These dangerous substances can
be either in the form of gases or particles. The air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases.
Air pollution is a common term meaning the dirtying and gradual destruction of our natural resources, especially our air, water and land. This is
referred to as environmental pollution. Once, years ago, the air was fresh and clear and the rivers were clean with fish swimming in the crystal clear
waters and streams. This is no longer true today.
Air pollution is the dirtying of the air. Where once we had blue skies and fresh air to breathe in, this is no longer the case. The air today is choked
with toxic fumes from cars and factories. With more and more cars on the road, the carbon monoxide emitted from the car exhausts has polluted the
Earth's atmosphere. The clearing of land to make way for housing or farms has also lead to forests being destroyed and burnt.
But did you know that air pollution also found both outdoors and indoors? It can, Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings,

Effects Of Air Pollution Essay
Pollution is a major problem that has and is causing devastating impacts to people and the environment. It comes in many different forms such as
water, air, noise, and light, all of which affect our society in different ways. The focus of my essay is specifically about air pollution and the effect it
has on our society, as well as ways of preventing it from hurting future generations. Air pollution is most commonly caused by the burning of fossil
fuels, agricultural activities, and exhaust from factories and industries. Many governments have already implemented air quality standards to protect
against health and welfare effects. Unfortunately, these standards aren't enforced properly and air pollution is still a major problem in today's society.
Air pollution dates back to the late 13th century when King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea–coal in London. (Nabhan) It wasn't until
1948 when the U.S. had its first major air pollution disaster. According to the EPA, 7,000 citizens of Donora, PA experienced severe respiratory and
cardiovascular problems after a thick blanket of smog encompassed the town. The United States Environmental Protection Agency was established
under the Nixon administration whose mission is to protect human health and the environment. The Clean Air Act, enacted in 1970 and amended in
1990, regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources. It "requires the EPA to establishnational ambient air quality standards for certain
common

Epa's Role In Protecting The Environment
The earth supplies humanity with a plethora of natural resources, but what has mankind done with these gifts? The modern world is a marvel of
carefully constructed skyscrapers, painstakingly pieced together palaces, and brilliantly fabricated bridges. The United States has eliminated diseases
that used to plague entire nations, constructed hypersonic jets, and made advancements in technology only dreamed about by past generations.
However, society's beautiful and convenient design has a cost. Habitat loss has forced thousands of species of animals to become endangered or
extinct. The improper disposal of toxic wastes has made a multitude of rivers and lakes unfit for sustaining life. The use of pesticides has ill–effects on
not only the environment and the wildlife, but on people, too. However, the United States has made great strides in preserving the environment, and
fixing the damage done. This essay will explore environmental protection in regards to organizations and legislation. One organization contributing to
the conservation of the environment is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA works nationally to assure the protection of the
environment through a variety of methods. For instance, the EPA enforces environmental laws and regulations. According to the organization's
website: EPA works with its federal, state and tribal regulatory partners through a comprehensive Clean Water Act compliance monitoring program to
protect human health and the

Evaluation of cumulative air pollution in Riga and Liepaja...
Introduction Air pollution is one of the most actual environmental problems in the world. Increasing traffic density and energy consumption lead to
increased pollution causing substances emissions in ambient air. It is a significant risk factor for multiple health conditions including lung cancer,
respiratory and heart diseases. Therefore it is important to keep up with latest data about actual air quality to react timely and initiate appropriate
environment management procedures when pollution levels rise to high (Snyder et. al, 2013). For this purposes, air quality monitoring is carried out. It
is regular and continuous collecting of information about air quality to prevent with pollution associated hazards. Usually as monitoring technical
solution automated measurement stations are used. They measure concentrations of various substances in air in nonstop mode – ranging from gaseous
pollutants, like nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone, to particulate matter. Results are compared to according normative to determine if actual pollution is
threat or not. However, one thing is to control individual substances – other is actual impact, caused by synergy of different pollutants and environment
factors. Latest research shows that there are hidden threats called cumulative effect – synergy between different pollutants and environmental factors
which produce greater impact on living organisms than same substances in separate action. For example, ozone mixing with other pollutants

Recycling And The Recyclingling Process
The recycling process where all things recyclable is mixed together in one recycling bin is called Single–stream recycling. It is easy for consumers and
businesses and reduces miles driven for collection trucks and related tailpipe outflow. By making recycling easier, at least 40% more recyclable items
are collected overall.
Non–recyclable items are sorted and separated from the stream by hand. Next, the items are transferred to a triple–deck screen where all the containers,
cardboard, and paper that are either too light or too heavy for the next division of the single stream recycling process are taken out. The heavy
containers fall to the bottom level and the lighter items go to the second. Glass containers are broken by this screen for the safety and benefit of the
workers. Any items that are left go below a strong magnet to pull out steel and tin cans. At this point, workers carefully watch for certain items that
might have accidentally made it down the line. A reverse magnet pulls aluminum cans off the conveyer belt into a bin. Worker's separate different
kinds of fiber. Cardboard, newsprint, and office paper are also separated and each piece is dropped into a container underneath. After all the materials
are divided, they are bundled and sent to recycling companies to be processed.
Section 2: Describe a new moral or ethical question that has arisen as the result of the technology.
Is there potential for a reduced personal commitment to recycling?
Even though

Pros and Cons to the Ways Humans Impact the Environment
The biosphere consists of a compound infusion of gases; the main components are oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The concentration of these
gases have been changing for many years. For the most part, this is influenced by human activity. In a persistent effort to improve the quality and
longevity of life, humans (particularly in industrialized societies) have tendencies to negatively impact the environment, and at the same time, we strive
to replenish what we have nearly depleted to balance the scale.
The first example of human manipulation of changes within the biosphere is through expansion. The rapid growth of the population has led to
expansion in development; the need for more space is causing strain on other living organisms such as plants and animals. Human procurement of
forest, grass, and wetlands has weighed on the animal population heavily. As a result of this domination, animals have lost areas they use to thrive in,
causing migration and in more serious cases extinction. Animals are a prevalent source of protein for humans, and when a species is threatened by
extinction, it not only disrupts the balance of the ecosystem, but it also disrupts the food chain. The more resources that are required to sustain human
life, the bigger the need to migrate to surrounding areas in a short period of time (Haines).
In contrast to the upheaval of animals in a development area, humans also make efforts to preserve biodiversity and forests by creating wild life

The Clean Air Act ( Caa )
The Clean Air Act (CAA) is a law that regulates air emissions from mobile and stationary sources. This law is comprehensive federal that authorize the
U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect people's health and welfare and to
regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants (The United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA, 2015). The title I of the Clean Air Act (CAA)
states the general requirements for states to submit Strategic Investment Programs to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) and the EPA 's actions regarding approval of those SIPs. On July 7, 2014, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received a
submittal from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the submitted provision by ODAQ is approved by the EPA because the revisions clearly clarify and strengthen the SIP and are congruous
with the Clean Air Act (CAA), but certain provisions of the submitted rules are not approved by the EPA because they don't relate to the
requirements for SIPs under section 110 of the CAA. Lastly, the EPA correct the SIP pursuant to the authority of section 110(k)(6) of the CAA to
remove certain provisions previously approved by the EPA that do not relate to the requirements for SIPs under section 110 of the CAA (Regulations,
2015).
Several revisions are made by LRAPA about the types of open burning regulation exempt and they add a new exemption to previously listed ones.
LRAPA clarify that certain materials such as plastic or garbage are prohibited from burning as fuel. More clarification has been done about residential
fires for a recreational purpose by prohibiting yard waste use as fuel. Also prohibited such fires on red and yellow home wood heating advisory days.
Religious ceremonial fires have been added to fire exempt as a new category. Some definitions have been revised in LRAPA 47
–010 to clarify the
waste and burn categories such as construction wastes, Agricultural open burning, construction open burning, commercial wastes, demolition open
burning, industrial open burning, demolition wastes, and Eugene–Springfield Urban Growth Boundary. These changes to definitions make clear that

Pollution and Asthma: Is There a Connection? Essay
Pollution and Asthma
Introduction
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. This occurs when the airflow is obstructed. Asthma affects people of both genders, all races
and age. Asthma existed in ancient Egypt times and possibly even before that. (Crosta, 2000, p. 2) Asthma had been on the decline up until 2001 (
Asthma In The U.S., 2011). In 2001, one out of every fourteen people had asthma. Since then asthma has been on a gradual incline. In 2009, one in
every 12 people now had asthma (Asthma Statistics, 2013). This means 25 million people in the United States are living with asthma. More and more
people are dying every day because of asthma. Scientists are trying to figure out why asthma has been increasing in the ... Show more content on
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Someone with an inherited tendency to contract allergies may be more at risk. The risk of having asthma is greater when the parents have or had
asthma. Some people can develop asthma later in life if they had a respiratory infection as a child. If someone was exposed to an allergen or viral
infection when they were younger as their immune system was developing, they may have a greater chance of having asthma later on down the road
(What Causes Asthma, 2012).
Asthma Triggers
The number one trigger of asthma in children are respiratory infections such as the flu, sinus infections and sore throats. Exercising can cause asthma
because of the increased breathing. This is especially true in cold weather. Weather can also be a factor when evaluating the causes of asthma. When
the wind is dry and the air is cold the risk of asthma is higher. When a person expresses strong emotion such as anger or excitement, their breathing
changes. This could cause asthma and asthma like symptoms (Background on Asthma, 2012).
Any of these conditions can trigger what is known as an asthma attack. When an asthma attack occurs the body produces more mucus. This thick
mucus can clog up the airways of the lung. In relation to an ankle swelling when twisted, the airways of the lung can also become irritated and swell.
In response to an asthma attack the airways will also become constricted which in turn is one of the factors of an asthma

Effects Of Air Pollution On Human Health
Careful What You Breathe In:
Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health The idea that we, as a global community, are destroying the very earth we commonly share is something that
takes time for people to fully understand. It takes research and a open mind to be knowledgeable about the environmental issues the human race is
causing to planet earth, as well as the issues that it is causes to our personal health. Air pollution is a large problem that exists in the United States.
However, the challenge that America faces is the inescapable necessities of modern life (driving to work, cooking food, etc.). These technologies are
directly linked to air pollution and therefore affect our health and sustainability. BusinessDictionary.com defines air pollution as, "the condition in
which air is contaminated by foreign substances, or the substances themselves." Air pollution is something that is having a direct affect on Americans
and their health. The United States must do two things: consciously take action in the way we live our lives, so that we do not contribute to the
already existing problems we face; and find ways to live a life that is less contributive to the dilemma of air pollution to sustain a healthy and
productive life. What, then, is the problem that air pollution is causing the United States? This question has an answer that needs to be recognized.
America faces the dilemma of using massive amounts of fuel sources which in turn contributes to air pollution. The

Clean Air Act
Clean Air Act
Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. В§ 7401 et seq.–– Enforced by US EPA––
By the end of this lecture you should be able to describe: * The race to laxity * What NAAQS means. * The federal government's role in cooperative
federalism * 7 criteria pollutants * A hazardous pollutant under the CAA * Non–attainment area * Emissions trading programs * Noise pollution under
the CAA * The four Class I areas designated by the State of Florida * The four emissions regulated by Title II of the Clean Air Act relating to
motorized vehicles * How long a waiver is good for and to how much of an auto manufacturer's production does it apply to. * What city is the Title II ...
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If a downwind state was having bad impacts from upwind state pollution, the federal government didn't have much enforcement authority beyond
requesting the upwind state to enforce relevant upwind state laws. There was little to no federal involvement in direct pollution control.
*** Race to Laxity ***
Image from World Meteorological Organization.
Some states tried to enact strict air pollution control laws, but were trumped by the "race to laxity." This is where states having more stringent pollution
control standards found themselves disadvantaged in the competition for economic development. States with less pollution controls would offer
businesses sweetheart deals including further relaxation of the limited standards already in place or no oversight to really impose the limited standards.
NOTE: We're studying how the CAA essentially eliminates this problem from the US, but we still see an analogous issue in international
environmental laws (e.g., think of the efforts China took in 2008 to curb air pollution in advance of the 2008 Summer Olympics).
Congress Takes Action
After reviewing the sorry state of the nation's air quality and the increase in respiratory problems among a variety of groups, Congress took action and
passed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1972. The Amendments of '72 (as also amended in '77 and '90), embodies a combination of four distinct
statutory techniques:
Sections 7407, 7408, 7409, and 7410, taken together created

Central Valley Air Pollution Essay
Over the past few years, air pollution has been one of the major problems encountered in the California central valley. The Central Valley, also called
as the Great Valley of California, is comprised of approximately about 20, 000 square miles. It is consisted of two parts, the northern portion is called
the Sacramento Valley and the southern portion is called theSan Joaquin Valley(U.S.). There are several factors that could have contributed to the
amount of air pollution in the air, some of which humans have the ability to prevent and mitigate. Many of the activities that we do in our daily lives
could result to the development of air pollution without us even knowing it. In this paper, we will discuss what air pollution is and gain a better
understanding of what air pollution is, determine its causes, economic, social, and health impacts, and create solutions that would address the problem
of air pollution in the California central valley. In definition, air pollution is the appearance air pollutant in the air which worsens the quality of air and
imperil the health of living organisms, natural resources, and structures and properties (Park, 2016). The sources of air pollution could come from
natural sources such as forest fires, and volcanic eruptions, moreover, it could also come from substances that are emitted into the air that resulted from
human activities. Human activities could either be accidental or intentional. Some of the accidental human activities

The Effects Of Ambient Air Quality For Environmental...
Problem 1: Ans: In the article, the author described mainly two challenges to the process. "One challenge will be to routinely share data for these types
of analyses at fine geographic and temporal scales without disclosing confidential information. Another challenge will be to develop C–R estimates
which take into account time, space, or other relevant effect modifiers." (Talbot etc. 2009) Though developing C–R estimates using proper modeling
methods are very important and will directly provide initiatively studying results, in my opinion, challenges regarding data collection and routinely
share are the most important. To measure the public health impacts of ambient air quality for environmental public health tracking, both consistent
accurate data and measure approaches are required. Though EPA has developed statistical based ambient air estimates (using HB model) for use in
EPHT, the correct modeling and representative results are all based on accuracy data collection. From my personal experience as a biostatistician, if the
collected data are not representative or inaccuracy, however well the measuring methods are, researchers will never get the real truth. Thus challenges
regarding data collection and routinely share are the most important. They are the foundation of the whole study. Overcoming these challenges are
more than necessary. More in detail, as described in the article the data collection and routinely share challenges are important and mainly from two

The Battle Over Air Quality Standards Essay
The Battle Over Air Quality Standards
Proposed by: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The American Lung Association (ALA)
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
The Sierra Club
Consumer and Other Environmental Organizations
Opposed by : The Air Quality Standards Coalition (It consists of approximately 600 industrial companies and interest groups)
Automobile manufacturers
The American Trucking Association,
The National Association of Manufacturers
The Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA)
According to the annual survey of air quality done by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1995, air pollution has decreased
30% nationwide over the past twenty five years yet "80 million ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, EPA faces a big conflict on the control of these two pollutants.
The beginning of this conflict goes all way back to 1991, when the American Lung Association (ALA) among with consumer and environmental
organizations sued EPA stating that the agency had not revised the ozone or PM standards as required by law even though there was sufficient
evidence that the standards needed to be tightened. In fact, EPA has reviewed the standards only twice, in 1979 and 1987, since the initial
standards were set during the early 1970s. But EPA has made no change to the standard then. As a consequence, a court ordered EPA to publish a
proposed standard for public comment by the end of November 1996. On November 26, 1996, EPA announced its proposal for new air quality
standards. In this proposal, EPA recommends that the standard of the ozone emission to be lowered from 0.12 ppm measured over one hour to 0.08
ppm measured over eight hours. As for the PM, the current standard requires the concentration of PM smaller than 10 micron to be lower than 50
micrograms per cubic meter annually and 150 micrograms per cubic meter daily; but the new proposal recommends the concentration of PM smaller

than 2.5 micron to be lower than 15 micrograms per cubic meter annually and 50 micrograms per cubic meter daily, and the current standard is
maintained for the concentration of PM larger than 2.5

Essay On Air Pollution
Air pollution public policy:
Regardless of sensational advancement cleaning those air since 1970, air pollution in the proceeds of the united states should damage people's
wellbeing and the surroundings. Under those clean air Act, epa keeps on working for state, neighborhood What's more tribal governments, different
national agencies. furthermore, stakeholders to decrease air contamination and the harm that it reasons ((United States natural insurance Agency,2017).
Great progress has been made in achieving national air quality standards, which EPA originally established in 1971 and updates periodically based on
the latest science. One sign of this progress is that visible air pollution is less frequent and widespread than it was in the 1970s.However, air pollution
can be harmful even when it is not visible. Newer scientific studies have shown that some pollutants can harm public health and welfare even at very
low levels. Epa to late A long time reconsidered principles to five of the six regular pollutants liable will national air personal satisfaction measures.
Epa settled on the principles a result new, peer–reviewed experimental investigation indicated that existing principles were not satisfactory to secure
open wellbeing and the nature's domain. (United States Environmental Protection Agency,2017). Today, pollution levels in many areas of the United
States exceed national air quality standards for at least one of the four common pollutants:
(1) particle pollution and

Air Pollution : A Threat Of Humans And Nature
Air Pollution: A Threat to Humans and Nature
Gary Moore states in his book Living with the Earth that one of the first recorded air pollution events in the United States happened in 1948 in Donora,
Pennsylvania. Pollutants from steel manufacturing in the area caused an inversion, the phenomenon whereby cool air is trapped underneath warmer air
above and air pollutants are trapped. Seventy people died and over six thousand people suffered from symptoms such as nausea, headaches, and
irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. Deaths due to air pollution have also occurred in Los Angeles and New York (410). In addition to a threat to
humans, air pollution can also be a major risk to nature.
Moore states that in 1955, Congress authorized the Public Health Service in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to start the research on
air pollution. As air pollution continued to grow Congress passed the Clean Air Act of 1963. This Act established air quality criteria and allowed the
development of more research and training. One of the amendments to the Clean Air Act resulted in the National Air Pollution Control Agency which
set emission standards for vehicles. In 1967, Congress passed the Comprehensive Air Quality Act which set out to control air pollution at a regional
level. In 1970, the first Earth Day was celebrated as more people became worried about environmental issues. The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) was also created the same year which set out additional

Recycling Center Environmental Impact Statement Essay
Recycling Center Environmental Impact Statement
Introduction
This paper will present an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of a proposed construction project of a new recycling center in a rural area. The
proposed project is to be built in a nonattainment area. The EIS will address land–use and development, social and neighborhood effects, economic
factors, air quality, noise, and water resources as it relates to the proposed project. Included in the process will be three alternatives as well as a no
build alternative. The Environmental Impact Statement will provide a detailed scoping of the project along with the alternatives that will ensure all
potential impacts are addressed prior to project approval.
Land Area
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The NSR program requires companies to obtain a permit for new construction or major modifications that substantially increase a facility's emissions of
the NAAQS."
Once the scoping process is complete a permit must be acquired according to the NSR program for approved construction.
Land–use concerns are one of the most important factors that must be addressed when proposing a project of this magnitude. Community involvement
and feedback is essential to determining the overall effects the proposed project will have on the community. According to Marriott (1997) "the analysis
and adoption of comprehensive or land–use plans are one of the most interactive types of environmental impact assessment studies and can involve
many factions of the affected community." Analyzing community concerns regarding land–use will be of significant importance.
The proposed recycling center would be located in a rural area that has many farms and consists of numerous waterways. The population is medium in
size and spread throughout the area. Most of the farms divert water from the waterways for their crops and several unincorporated towns use the water
for non–potable use. The towns get their drinking water from the ground water via wells. There is one two–lane highway that runs through the area
linking several small towns and the adjacent farms.
Alternatives The preferred

The Marketing Environment Southwest Airlines
The Marketing Environment Southwest Airlines
Every industry from healthcare to manufacturing faces environmental challenges. Many thoughtful companies respond through various marketing
strategies. The airline industry, in particular, seen a host of environmental factors since 2001 including air quality, climate change, emissions, and noise
regulations to name a few. Southwest airlines, in particular, have taken specific tactics to both blunt and exploit these environmental factors. As a result,
Southwest has a market strategy that allows continuing as a major airline carrier in the United States.
Common air pollutants found in the atmosphere are particulate matter, ground–level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides (Southwest) and lead. ...
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The company hit a milestone towards the improving of services in a way that is environmentally friendly, and beneficial to the human being and other
lives in and around airports. The core value of strategies being, efficiency and climate change (Southwest).
In this effect, the airline adopted several approaches of dealing with pollutions resulting from aviation practices, which aimed at reducing the
environmental pollution, while ensuring the safety of passengers and the environment at large. For instance, the airline embraced the development and
use of Sustainable Alternative Aviation Fuel (SAF) which resulted in an improvement in the environment, conservation and emission reduction (FAA
6–8). Research shown the use of SAF will reduce up to 80% overall carbon over full use. The tests carried out by over twenty airlines have shown a
technical compliance with the conventional jet fuel carbon offsetting where airlines supposed to invest in the projects aimed at avoiding, reducing or
removal of carbon emission in a particular journey(Bilgen 893). This is achieved by either intergrading the program into web–sales engines or to a
third party offset provider (IATA). Tree planting, wind farms and hydroelectric production area as well aimed at carbon offsetting. Air traffic
management

Air Pollution
Recently, China is experiencing a rapid urbanization which results from tremendous economic growth. As a result, large numbers of cities are suffering
from air pollution. Almost two–thirds of cities in china have not met the ambient air quality standard which is applied to urban residential areas.
According to Hao&
Wang (2005), it is particulate matters(PM) rather than SO2 that is the major pollution which reflecting the pollution source is transformed from coal
burning to several sources of pollution Now the government should take steps to change extensive development to sustainable development which has
strict regulation to push forward the replacement of clean energy resources an coal and gas burning in order to control the emission from vehicles and
factories.
The rapid increase in the vehicle is the main reason for air pollution, It is anticipated that China has three times or seven times increase in the amount of
vehicle. For instance, according to Shao, Tang, Zhang, Li
2006, in early 21century, the number of vehicles is 4 times what it was in the 1990s. A large population of cars made many cities suffer from terrible
car emission. There several factors accounting for this phenomenon. Firstly, large population of cars great contribute to the terrible traffic jam in most
main cities in China. According to the calculation from Fu, Hao, He and Li (2001), Traffic jam lowers the average driving speed, which can lead to
high HC and CO emission.
AIR POLLUTION IN CHINA 4
They

The Problem Of Environmental Protection Essay
Theodore Roosevelt had once said, "The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation
increased, and not impaired in value". These words have resonated since and have been an example as to why it is our duty as inhabitants of this
planet to provide protection to the ever so fragile environment. But what is Environmental protection exactly? Well it is one of the most important,
and expensive problems businesses and society are facing today. Why you may ask? Since the industrial age all the countries around the world have
been burning an assortment of fuel to power factories, vehicles, heat homes, and even to cook with and when these fuels are burned they emit carbon
dioxide and various other chemicals which over time add up and take a very long time to breakdown. As a result they trap heat from the sun in the
earth's atmosphere raising the global temperature and causing a domino effect on the environment. Likewise companies produce hazardous waste and
dump them illegally in waters which kills vast amounts of marine life. Although laws are in place to protect the planet, inventions are slowly being
created to provide alternative sources of energy and agencies already exist to protect the environment. However it is our duty as people in a society to
act on our own by demanding for our government to show greater concern for the environment by reforming environmental protection laws with stricter
guide lines,

National Ambient Air Quality Standards For Hazardous Air...
a.I would ask the client to provide all standards and compliances with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
b.Informations regarding the permit requirements and compliance with State Implementation Plan (SIPs).
c.Provide National guidelines for the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD).
d.Provide control requirements for air pollution based on Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) to know if it is technologically feasible or
economically reasonable.
e.I would demand for the regulatory and reporting standards under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs).
b.FIVE QUESTIONS THAT I WOULD ASK THE CLIENT
a.Does the corporation intend to use the Best Available Control Technology (BACT)? And evidence showing that the emission rate does not exceed the
requirement under the New Source Review Permit.
b.Does the installation to be done meet the Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)?
c.Does the installation of the equipment in compliance with all existing regulatory standards and operated facilities within the state to which it is
seeking a permit?
d.Does the benefit of the project outweigh the environmental and social costs?
e.Does the project comply with the federal emission offset requirements under the New Source Review?
c.How would your conclusions change if the plant emitted hazardous air pollutants?
a.The installation or expansion of the project must be discontinued and the corporation must be

The Advantages Of The Clean Air Act?
The Clean Air Act is a federal law in the United States that is designed to prevent and control air pollution. Being the first and probably the most
influential environmental laws, this policy is comprehensive and operates at a national level. This policy falls under the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), which must ensure that all activities across the nation are consistent with the rules and regulations for preventing and
controlling air pollution (Isen, Rossin–Slater & Walker, 2017). Enacted by the 88th U.S. Congress, the law became effective on December 17,
1963.However, the most important amendments were added to the CAA in 1970 and 1990. The agency collaborates with tribal, local, and state
governments to administer the CAA in order to accelerate, improve, and strengthen programs for preventing and abating air pollution.
Advantage of Clean Air Act
The major advantage of the Clean Air Act is that it helps prevent and control air pollution: otherwise, this environmental hazard would have caused
negative health effects and the deaths that may occur due to the health conditions. In addition, the hazard would have destroyed the environment. The
Act helps set emission standards for power plants, steel mills, and other stationary sources. The United States Environmental Protection Agency
released a report on the results of the CAA from 1990 and found out that the benefits of this act exceeded the costs by a factor of 30:1 (EPA, 2017).
The programs to control

Air Pollution In The Us Essay
Air Pollution in the US
From North to South, East to West, New York to Ohio, the issue of air pollution and climate change has been under discussion in the last sixty years
and how it has changed the climate terrain in the United States. Air pollution can be dated to October 1948, the Donora Pa for that razed almost half
of the town where 14000 residents were rendered homeless and started to experience severe respiratory and cardiovascular problems. During this time,
breathing became a major issue and the death toll rose to over forty people and consequently, some of the disturbing pictures emerged from Donora
engulfed in a thick blanket of gray smog with cooler air bellow and some sealing pollutant (Andersen et al 2011). The Donora was ... Show more
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Besides, the airborne; lead pollution in the past was a nationwide health concern before EPA phased out lead gasoline under the Clean Air authority and
thus today it meets the air quality standards but there are areas with huge lead–emitting industrial facilities across the US.
Evolution of economic system and air pollution
In the last one century, the United State has undergone various stages of evolution ranging from technology, the economic system, transportation and
political landscape just to mention a few. During this time, the country has witnessed numerous environmental challenges as a result of rapid economic
expansion due to the extraction of natural resources, accumulation of waste which in the end lead to exceeding the carrying capacity of the biosphere
to the pollutants. Thus, from history, the human society has undergone economic expansion but at the expense of human life as industries has been
built left right and center and levels of pollution are threatening to hit new highs by the year 2030 if the Clean Power plan is not implemented to the
letter. Besides, the risk of industrial expansion to public health and environment ranges from climate change which is substantial and far–reaching as
this is likely to cause more

Environmental Challenges Facing The American Auto Industry...
Abstract
There are many environmental challenges facing the American auto industry. In this paper we will focus on; the challenges within global competition,
new technologies for powering the products this industry produces, the effect of emissions on the environment and the government's reactions to these
effects, as well as the consumer's product opinions.
Global Competition The automobile industry is one of the largest industries in the U.S. and faces major global competition with The European, Russian
and Easter Asian Markets. The industry is also facing continuous organization and technological change but has taken action to increase its global
presence. For example, by making alliances with other global leaders.
The US financial crisis hurt the American industry not only locally in American, but in the global market as production drastically decreased. To put
the competition into perspective let's take a look at some statics from BERA (Business & Economic Research Advisor). GM, Ford, andChrysler make
up just under 45% of U.S. passenger vehicle production. So over half of the market here in America, 55% in fact, is dominated by foreign
competition. That said, competition with the foreign market played a major role in the bankruptcy of Chrysler Corporation. The main areas of
competition are lower cost and more advanced automation. New advancements in all markets are happening rapidly so it's critical the U.S. market
keep up in order to remain a keep player in

The Effects Of Air Pollution On Our Health And Sustainability
The idea that we, as a global community, are destroying the very earth we commonly share is something that takes time for people to fully understand.
It takes research and a open mind to be knowledgeable about the environmental issues the human race is causing to planet earth, as well as the issues
that it is causes to our personal health. Air pollution is a large problem that exists in the United States and affects all of us. However, the challenge that
we as American's face is the inescapable necessities of modern life (driving to work, cooking food, etc.). These technologies are directly linked to air
pollution and therefore affect our health and sustainability. BusinessDictionary.com defines air pollution as, "the condition in which air is
contaminated by foreign substances, or the substances themselves." Air pollution is something that is having a direct affect on all of our lives and our
health. We must do two things: consciously take action in the way we live our lives, so that we do not contribute to the already existing problems we
face; and find ways to live a life that is less contributive to the dilemma of air pollution to sustain a healthy and productive life. What, then, is the
problem that air pollution is causing in the United States? This question has an answer that needs to be recognized. We face the dilemma of using
massive amounts of fuel sources which in turn contributes to air pollution. The consumption of fuel sources is affecting our health.

The Downside to Land Use and Urban Development Essay
The Downside to Land Use and Urban Development
Excessive land use and urban development are a problem, because it causes pollution and it robs animals of their homes. When man extends his
boundaries into nature, nature has no choice but to go somewhere else. Expansion and population are the cause of this environmental problem. I
propose to set a standard for land development for every city. In that I also propose that each city should impose a set number of persons to live in that
city. Each city must impose stricter guidelines for waste management. Finally I propose that the city set limits for development, and expansion.
Land development causes danger to the environment by polluting the air and disrupting geological and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other household gases contribute to the toxic air stirring about in that fog hovering over your city such as Chlorofluorocarbons. CFC's are basically
made of Chlorine, Fluoride and Carbon (Our Poisoned Sky, 27–28). This gas floats up toward the sun into the stratosphere, and breaks apart (due to the
sun's radiation). The Carbon and the Fluoride don't do much but the Chlorine literally eats away at the Ozone layer like an acid. "Why is that bad?"
Might you ask, well it is harmful because the Ozone Layer protects everything on Earth from Ultra Violet Radiation. This in turn makes the Earth
hotter. To make the Earth even hotter add to this Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a pollutant produced by combustion engines and fire, not to be confused with
Carbon Monoxide, also a deadly gas (11). This gases blankets the inner atmosphere, holding most heat in, the term "Green house" is synanomis with
CO2, because it gives reference to a plant greenhouse; which lets light in to heat up the room, but does not let it escape (9). Carbon Dioxide is that
brown cloud hanging over downtown Phoenix. It is usually found in highly populated area (11).
I know what you're thinking, "What the hell is he getting at, well with all of this heating of the atmosphere and eating of Ozone layers, a multitude of
things happen. For one the

Air Pollution
Air pollution is presence of chemicals or compounds in the air that is usually no there. There are two types of air pollution, Smog, or "ground–level
ozone," as it is more wonkily called, occurs when emissions from combusting fossil fuels react with sunlight and Soot, or "particulate matter," is made
up of tiny particles of chemicals, soil, smoke, dust, or allergens, in the form of gas or solids, that are carried in the air. Air pollution is a reoccurring
major problem that is yet to be solved. We all depend on air to survive even plants, animals and their ecosystem. We humans are the cause of air
pollution, we have taken certain step to stop air pollution such as using solar power, wind power, electricity, dam and now there have been
development of electrical cars to help reduce carbon monoxide. Even so not even open have luxury to reduce air pollution such as developing
countries and even the developed countries. The USA and its brother in crime China are responsible for "emitting nearly half of the planet's carbon
dioxide emissions, both countries still have large fleets of coal plants and growing, but relatively tiny, renewable electricity sectors" (Gallucci).
Fig.1 human
The figure above shows how air pollution affects the human body from cardiovascular damage to respiratory diseases, fatigue, headaches, anxiety,
irritation of eyes, nose and throat, damage to reproductive organs, harm to liver, spleen and blood and lastly the nervous system ( ). In a

Pollution In Community Pollution
Las Vegas, Nevada and the surrounding Clark County ranks in the 90–100th percentile for the dirtiest/worst counties in the U.S. in terms of pollution
from Carbon Monoxide emissions, Nitrogen Oxide emissions, PM–2.5 emissions, PM–10 emissions, and Sulfur Dioxide emissions (Scorecard, 2011b).
These same pollutants are known to cause cytotoxic and functional damages to human airways through oxidative stress and inflammation; which are
linked to respiratory diseases in children (Ferrante, Antona, Malizia, Montalbano, & La Grutta, 2016). Currently, Clark County is home to 29,146
children with asthma and 130,553 adults with asthma; that's 7.55% of the population of 2,114,801 (American Lung Association, 2017). There seems
to be a correlation between the high levels of pollution in Clark County and the high numbers of people with asthma that is impacting the
community's quality of life in terms of health and the economy, and it is having an adverse effect on the environment as well. Body: Clark County
scores badly in the air quality category of tests from different organizations. For instance, the American Lung Association (ALA) uses readings from
the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System (AQS) for a period of three years and derives a weighted average; the ALA then assigns
a grade associated with this average to counties in the U.S. (American Lung Association, 2017b). By ALA standards, a county with a weighted average
of a 3.3 or higher fails. Clark County failed

The Pros And Cons Of The Clean Air Act
Improved air quality wasn't a subject of national concern until the mid 1900s. After decades of coal burning, unregulated gas emissions from cars and
the excessive burning of fossil fuels, people started noticing bad air quality as a hazard to their lives. Over several decades, after seeing the costly effects
air pollution was having on the environment and people's health, interest groups like the Friends of The Earth club and the influences of Theodore
Roosevelt and Rachel Carson's Silent Spring finally came together to persuade the government to enforce legislation that would reduce air pollution.
Because of these efforts, the policies of the Clean Air Act of 1963 and the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Act of 1965, that aimed to control air
pollution and raise air quality standards, helped create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on December 2, 1970. Since then, the EPA has
passed more air quality improvement acts, and amendments to previous acts passed, to increase restrictions on air pollutants, with their main policy
concern being the Clean Air Act. Improved air quality acts imposed by the EPA have been successful in cleaning the United States' air quality by
reducing ground–level ozone pollution and reducing emissions, allowing for a decrease in pollution related deaths/illnesses and a better standard of
living. The EPA, through regulations and the Clean Air Act, has delivered it's promise to improve air quality in the United States.
After World War II,

Effects Of Outdoor Air Pollution And Its Effects On Human...
The research presented in this paper will discuss poor air quality due to outdoor air pollution and its' effects on human health. I have examined
numerous documents, learning about the anthropogenic causes of the air pollution in addition to studying the hazards the contaminated air presents to
the public, particularly in urban areas. I have created a policy that I believe directly addresses the current needs of the atmosphere in order to continue
to reduce the amount of pollution in the air we breathe, in turn improving our overall health. Looking back on the history of the United States,
monumental events have occurred every so often in the past few hundred years. However, it is a rarity when an event so substantial transpires to create
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The air poisons can lead to severe medical complications and even death for thousands of citizens, especially in these areas. In order to protect the air
and the health of the nation, it is vital to create new policies to reduce pollution and emissions. Both health and standpoints are the best ways to assess
this issue and to fully understand what is occurring in the atmosphere. *come up with a thesis *establish counter frames Currently, the Environmental
Protection Agency is working with the federal government as well as state and local governments to reduce 187 different types of air pollutants. One
of the most frequently burned toxins is benzene, a highly toxic pollutant found in gasoline. This is emitted into the air every time an automobile is
driven and is extremely dangerous to breathe in. (About Air Toxics) Not only is benzene emitted when automobiles are driven, but it is also used in
factories that produce plastic, nylon and numerous other chemicals. This puts those working in industrial areas at an even higher risk due to their
increased exposure. Benzene is so hazardous to the body because it alters the way cells function and can often impair the immune system. After only a
few hours of minor exposure, this pollutant can cause numerous symptoms, including drowsiness, dizziness, irregular heartbeat and headaches. As
exposure increases the body can experience more

Analysis Of The Clean Air Act ( Caa ) Essay
1. Introduction
Fairfax County, Virginia is located just west of Washington, DC (DC) and is considered part of the Metropolitan Baltimore
–Washington Region.
Located along the mid–Atlantic coast, Fairfax County is a temperate climate with four distinctive seasons and has an average of 42 inches of rain per
year. Land use in Fairfax County consists of a mix of commercial, residential, and industrial uses. As the population continues to increase, available land
area has decreased, which has contributing to urban sprawl and decreased air quality (Fairfax County, 2014). With rapid growth in the county, the
transportation sectors have expanded increasing the amount of mobile sources for air pollution from both within the county and from outside the
county. Air quality in Fairfax County has been improving; however, the county and the region have yet to meet federal air quality standards for 8–hour
ozone and particle matter.
2. Environmental Air Quality Issue
The Clean Air Act (CAA) was amended in 1990 to include theNational Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS) for pollutants considered harmful to
public health and the environment (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2014). Fairfax County and the DC metropolitan area are designated
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a moderate non–attainment area for the eight–hour ozone standard established by the NAAQS
(Fairfax County, 2014). In addition to non–attainment for ground–level ozone, particle matter

Causes Of Water Pollution In Kansa
In Kansas pollution is an enormous issue and it affects more than just the air supply we breath, but also the water we drink and the even the soil we
walk on. There are many agencies that monitor and try to prevent the pollution as much as possible, but this issue is too large to face head on. The
three major problems are pollution to the water, air and also the land. In the following paragraphs it will explain in what ways we pollute our water,
air and earth and then also it will tend to the side of how we are trying to stop or regulate the pollution. If we do not make a stand and want to change
the way we trash our world then it will hurt in generations to come. Water is one of the most important elements in the world, it is what ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1995, they found these rivers, lakes, and surface waters to be impaired, the Kansas Natural Resource Council and the Sierra Club filed a complaint
against the EPA. Water discharged is difficult to regulate the quality water from point sources is complicated, "because there may be many sources of a
given pollutant, including both point and nonpoint sources." (Industrial Pollution) Air pollution is also a major problem in Kansas. To improve air
quality the Air Monitoring and Planning section Staff provides technical services and specific data on the air pollution in Kansas. In 1990 TheNational
Ambient Air Quality Standards were revised. Air Pollution can be considered as particulate matter, lead, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and
nitrogen dioxide. There are to equality standards in Kansas, the primary is designed to protect all with an adequate safety margin. "Permissible levels of
each pollutant were chosen to protect the health of the most susceptible individuals in a population, including children, the elderly, and those with
chronic respiratory illnesses." this information was found under the
What are the National Ambient Air Quality Standards? Section on kdheks.com. The secondary standard is made to ensure quality of life and protect
public welfare.The quality of the air can change from day to day, exactly like the

Env Sci Help
WRIGHT, Environmental Science
Chapter 21 Atmospheric Pollution
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Acid precipitation refers
A) to any precipitation which is more acidic than neutral.
B) to any precipitation which is more acidic than normal.
C) only to precipitation which is strongly acidic.
D) to a new kind of irrigation.
E) to a precipitation which causes particularly severe erosion.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
2) The chemical component which is responsible for BASIC properties is
A) hydroxyl ions (OH–).
B) sulfur oxide (SO).
C) hydrogen ions (H+).
D) nitrogen oxide (NO).
E) carbon dioxide.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
3) The pH of normal precipitation is
A) slightly acidic.
B) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer: C
Diff: 1

14) The overall or net annual concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is being
A) decreased by respiration.
B) decreased by pollution.
C) increased by burning fossil fuels.
D) increased by photosynthesis.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
15) Temperature changes during the last century have been shown to correlate with
A) destruction of ozone in the atmosphere.
B) carbon dioxide and volcanic emissions.
C) halocarbon production.
D) nitrous oxide production.
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2
16) We produce carbon dioxide when we
A) drive our automobiles.
B) heat our houses with oil or gas.
C) get energy from the food we eat.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3
17) Which of the following is/are conjecture (speculation) as opposed to documented fact?
A) The carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is increasing.
B) The recent drought in midwestern North America, Africa, and Australia was caused by the greenhouse effect.
C) Carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation.
D) Levels of infrared absorbing gases other than carbon dioxide are increasing.
E) all of the above
Answer: B

Diff: 2
18) Ozone in the UPPER atmosphere
A) is a pollutant.
B) is necessary to screen out ultraviolet radiation.
C) is necessary to maintain the temperature of the Earth.
D) is necessary to maintain ocean circulation.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2
19) Which of the following will probably not be a consequence of extreme ozone

Block Grants Advantages
Giving states more power in terms of policy making, would improve new policies made from states and would allow state governments to make
policies that pertain to what goes on in that state. Devolving power from the national government to state level helps provide a more localized
outlook on political views and other issues. There are some issues with devolving power from national to state level such as adding more layers to
government, which can complicate things. Many states use block grants, which provide funds to states without any discretion, the use of block grants
also is "a way of reducing federal control" (We The People 96). The federal government should devolve some more power to state governments because
the benefits would outweigh... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of The act businesses cannot discriminate workers based on their disability, and must accommodate the worker if they are able to. Public
transportation must also be able to accommodate disabled passengers by having wheelchair access. The clean Air Act deals with solving air
pollution problems through science and new information. The purpose for this act is to decrease the amount of pollution that we give off, and work
towards making the air cleaner for everyone. Although progress has been made to lower pollution levels, it still is a threat to people's lives. A goal
that was set in the year 1975 was going to try and achieve National Ambient Air Quality Standardsin every state to keep people healthy. Clean Air Act
programs has lowered at least six un–harmful, and also decreased a number of harmful pollutants from the air. The decrease in air pollutants has
resulted an increase in air quality, this has also resulted states to reach health standards placed by the Clean Air Act. Unfortunately, the pollution is
still high and have caused some permanent damage to the ecosystem of plants and aquatic animals such as fish. To further prevent or reduce
pollution a large scale of things is now made to emit much less pollution than before, such as, cars, factories, and power plants. The act is also
benefiting economics by making air cleaner, there will be less sick people and the numbers of workers

National Environmental Policy Act (Nepa) Essay
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) By Andrew Arrand
In 1969, our Country, and our environment were screaming for help! Scientists, Ecologists, Wild Life
Experts and a whole laundry list more came up with an agency to protect our environment. Today we call it the National Environmental Policy Act or
(NEPA) of. The Law was officially in acted
January 1st 1970, by Richard Nixon. When the Country cried out for help and wanted someone to step
In after a series of major environmental accidents. Off the shores of Santa Barbara a major oil spill destroyed thousands of miles ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Council on Environmental
Quality, which is headed by a fulltime Chair, oversees NEPA. A staff assists the Council. The duties and functions of the Council are listed in Title II,
Section 204 of NEPA and include: * Gathering information on the conditions and trends in environmental quality * Evaluating federal programs in light
of the goals established in Title I of the Act * Developing and promoting national policies to improve environmental quality * Conducting studies,
surveys, research, and analyses relating to ecosystems and * environmental quality. This information was found at www.epa.gov/oecaerth/basics
/nepa.html.
Man for many years has been tearing down the rain forests in record rates, and some experts predict that in another hundred years or so the rain forest
will be all but gone. With the industrial expansion, and high density urbanization we as humans have been destroying our environment. What will the
future hold for our children, and our children's children? have been building at record rates, and there is no slowing down, at least not any time soon.
Human being's must find away to co–exist with Mother Earth, or we will destroy something very beautiful.
Oil spills all over the world, the one we can remember most is Exxon Valdez in the waters of Alaska. I think we all

Air Pollution Summary 7
AIR POLLUTION
The major pollution caused by factories or industrials' activities is air pollution. According to the Engineers' Joint Council "Air Pollution and Its
Control", air pollution means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants, such as dust, fumes, gas, mist, odour, smoke or
vapour in quantities of characteristics and of duration, such as to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property or which unreasonably
interfaces with the comfortable enjoyment of life and property. On the other way,air pollution also can be defined as the chemicals, particulate matters or
biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment, into ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This produces the so–called greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the Earth during the night. Increasing the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere reinforces this effect and is expected to result in a warming of the Earth's surface. Currently carbon dioxide is responsible for 57% of the
global warming trend.
Another type of air pollutant is carbon monoxide, which is a colourless, odourless, non–irritating but very poisonous gas. It is a product by incomplete
combustion of fuel such as natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide (NO3) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) also contribute most of the atmospheric contaminants. They are natural
component of the Earth's atmosphere which comes from the burning of biomass and fossil fuels. The industrial activities produced 30 to 50 million
tons per year. They cause the formation of both acid precipitation and photochemicalsmog (ozone), and causes nitrogen loading which can reduce the
stratospheric ozone. Another type of nitrogen oxide is nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O comes from nitrogen based fertilizers, deforestation, and biomass
burning. The human inputs 6 million tons of N2O per year. It can cause the greenhouse effect and causes nitrogen loading.
Sulphur dioxide is produced by combustion of sulphur–containing fuels, such as coal

The Global Competition Of The Auto Industry
Today I will attempt to address the following topics of Global Competition, New Industry Technology, the effect of emissions on the environment and
government reactions to this and Industry specific Consumer opinions about the product in regards to the Auto Industry in America. Very seldom will
you find a brand new car manufacturer in the world, only when there is complete change an innovation such as Tesla will you find an auto company
able to develop and grow a new car as well as a new infrastructure for driving them. With that being stated, the Global competition in the automobile
industry is both extremely competitive and cut–throat. New vehicle iterations are being created on an annual basis and each time a car is created, the
consumer is requiring more options and more fuel economy, and whether its Ford, Chevy or GM that is building the vehicle, they must meet the
demands of both customers in the United States and abroad. The brands such as Mercedes, Toyota, Honda andBMW don 't make it easy for any of the
largest US–based automakers. More and more people from the United States want to feel like they are in a luxury vehicle and with powerhouse
brands such as Mercedes and BMW creating more lower end vehicles, the automobile industry in the United States is finding it hard to keep their
current customers loyal. The most challenging issue the United States Auto Industry is facing is one of how to power all of the vehicles that are being
built and sold by the

Vehicular Emissions and Air Quality Standards in Nigeria
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450–216X Vol.34 No.4 (2009), pp.550–560 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http:/
/www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Vehicular Emissions and Air Quality Standards in Nigeria F. I. Abam Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cross
River University of Technology P.M.B 1123. Calabar, Nigeria E
–mail: faibiang@yahoo.com Tel: +2348054383418 G. O. Unachukwu National Centre
for Energy Research and Development University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria E–mail: godwinogechi@yahoo.com Tel: +2348050525033 Abstract This
paper reports the results of the investigation of vehicular emissions in selected areas in Calabar Nigeria. Three areas MP1, MP2 , and MP3 were
considered with nine sampling points (SP1 – SP9) in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An epidemiological study in US has shown that acute exposure to vehicle emissions over ten years period reduces lung function among tunnel officers
Evans, (1998). A similar study confirms that there is a prevalence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in street cleaners exposed to vehicle pollutants in
concentrations higher than WHO recommended guidelines, thus leading to significant increase in respiratory problems Rachou, (1995). Having
viewed these consequences, the need to embark on research of this kind becomes obvious. This research work is intended to investigate the level of
vehicular emission and air quality standard in a growing city Calabar, Nigeria. The knowledge from this investigation will assist authority in planning
adequate pollution control measures. It is equally hoped that the study will generate interest on further research on the impact of vehicle emission on
air quality and health implications in Calabar in particular and Nigeria in general for effective air quality control and management. 1.1. Traffic
Emission in Developing Countries In most developing countries of the world vehicular growth has not been checked properly by environmental
regulating authorities leading to increase levels of pollution. Traffic emissions contribute about 50–80% of NO2 and CO concentration in developing
countries Fu (2001), and Goyal (2006). This situation is alarming and is predicated on the poor economic

Mercury And Air Toxics Standards
Mercury and Air Toxics Standards in New Mexico Mercury and air toxics are a big problem in new Mexico, these kinds of pollutions cause many
heath problems, even deaths, the new mercury and air toxics standards in new Mexico (MATS) is going to save a lot of lives, and will help
protect the most vulnerable people, like children and older people. These new standards will cut the toxic emissions in the whole country and
prevent around 11,000 premature deaths, 4700 heart attacks, and 130,000 asthma attacks each year. These standards are achievable, and they
comply with a law that has been out there for around 20 years. EPA worked with many stakeholders, including public, environmental, and health
groups and industry. They received over 900,000 public comments that helped to inform the final standard. In the United States there are no
national limits on the emissions of mercury and other toxics from power plants. These toxics can cause damage to the developing brains of
children, making their IQ go down, along with their ability to learn. Finally these standers will put an end to all of this pollution, these standards
will eliminate the advantage of low cost power plants. Because some power plants are 40 years old and they have never been updated. So they will
have to compete and give a fair share of the market to the newer plants. In this problem we have some key players, first one is the government,
because they are the one who's going to apply the law on these power

Taking A Look At Air Pollution

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