Essay About Asm 34 Nvq 3

Essay about Asm 34 Nvq 3
Katie Louise Harris
9 Tremabe Park, Dobwalls, Liskeard, Cornwall, PL14 6JS
Student Number: HAR013AQ
Tutor: Sarah Willcocks
Course: Advanced Psychotherapy
Assignment Two
1. What might a client's appearance include evidence of?
Subjective distress Disturbance of thought or feeling Expressing behavior subconsciously
2. What should a therapist be aware of when taking note of a clients manner and content of talk?
Slowing Incoherence Evasiveness Flights of ideas
3. Give examples of disorders of mood
The experience of emotion described as fear spread thin, Anxiety is the commonest of experiences.
Abnormal frank excitement can be expressed by a client experiencing a mood disorder, when ...
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The false belief is not accounted for by the persons cultural or religious background or his/her
intelligence. The client experiencing this will hold on firmly to the belief regardless of the evidence
to the contrary, the client is absolutely convinced that the delusion is real. Delusion are symptoms of
either medical, neurological or mental disorder.
B. Hallucinations, are perceived through one of the senses and do not correspond to any stimulus in
the outside world. Hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious mind. C. Illusions, are
simple perceptions, which although produced by an external stimulus are misinterpreted by the
client. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a perception that does
not tally with the physical measurement of the stimulus source.
7. What is a Thought Block?
Where a client's capacity to maintain a train of thought is constantly interrupted. A thought block is
an abrupt interruption in the stream of thought describe as a profound sudden blankness of the mind.

The client usually express flight of ideas as the disruption occurs. Language may seem difficult to
understand, as it switches quickly from one idea another or long winded and very delayed and
reaching its goal and or if words are inappropriately strung together resulting in gibberish.
8. State the categories of delusion. Bizarre Delusion; A completely implauseable idea, a far
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Cognitive Concepts Of Cognitive Therapy Essay
Introduction
According to Corsini and Wedding (2013), cognitive therapy aims at adjusting information and
initiate positive change in all systems by acting through the cognitive systems. From my
perspective, what is very appealing about cognitive therapy is that the therapist can challenge their
client 's viewpoints and rational. Furthermore, cognitive therapy allows people to perceive the world
and shape behavior based on their thoughts and feelings. According to Frances, Miller, and Mack
(2005), cognitive therapy is used to treat addiction, personality disorders, depression, anxiety, and
compulsive disorders such as gambling, shopping, and sexual behaviors. Moreover, cognitive
therapists assess the development of their patient's beliefs about themselves, their early life
experiences, exposure to stressful circumstances, and the overall development of their beliefs
(Frances et al., 2005).
Furthermore, the therapist must comprehend the core belief that causes individuals to associate their
thoughts with their feelings (Frances et al., 2005). However, the therapist should be able to
differentiate the individual's thoughts from their feelings (Corsini & Wedding, 2013). For instance, a
clear separation of one's thoughts from one's feelings allows the individual to grasp a cleared
rational and question themselves. Moreover, some individuals may express themselves by stating
they feel helpless, badness, and vulnerability (Frances et al., 2005). Furthermore, the aim of the

Eating Disorders Observation Report
Throughout the semester I have really enjoyed this class and I have learned a lot. The Ted talk that
we watched that was all about the female superheroes is something that I thought was very
interesting and at the same time very disturbing. I think that female superheroes should be sold
along with male superheroes. I think that it's an outrageous thing and something that I did not know
until watching this Ted Talk. I think that both men and women superheros should be sold together.
Why hasn't this issue been brought up before? Little girls or boys going to pick out their favorite
female superhero just like they are able to pick out their male favorite male superhero. I think it's
something that is a bigger problem that people are not paying ... Show more content on
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I had no idea about the whole idea of plastic surgeries. I especially had no idea how big it was in
lebanon. I think that the whole concept of skin bleaching is crazy? I don't understand why people do
it. I think that it's something that damages the skin. Another thinkt hat i found very interesting in this
movie was how much people want plastic surgery to look better. The amount of money and recovery
time that plastic surgery requires is crazy. I knew that plastic surgery was big in the U.S. but i had no
idea about the rest of the world. There is a show called Botched and it's all about body image and
plastic surgery and it's something that i find very fresh ginting. Lastly the thing that i found very
shocking was the whole idea of advertising the men appealing to women and the women appealing
to men. I did not realize how much the ad industry shapes who we are how we view others and most
importantly how we view ourself. You would never think that the ad agency had such a major
impact on society or did lots of people already know that? I just thought it was something that never
occurred to me. In the end, i thought this movie was very interesting and eye opening i learned and
discovered lots of things that i did not

Melvin Udall's As Good As It Gets
Obsessive–compulsive disorder is characterized by persistent intrusion of unwanted thoughts,
accompanied by compulsive behaviors designed to neutralize the obsessive thoughts (DSM–V). As
Good as It Gets, is the story of a obsessive–compulsive writer that's life gets turned upside down
when he finds love. Melvin Udall devotes effort to his ritualistic compulsions. He struggles with the
fear of contamination, which he compulsively washes his hands many times using a variety of
different new soap bars, he uses gloves when he is outside of his apartment to avoid contamination,
and takes plastic utensils to the diner he has breakfast at daily. He feels like physical contact will
contaminate him, therefore he lives on his own in his sterile apartment

Abnormal Psychology Class Analysis
At the very beginning of this class I thought what people tend to normally think about when they
start a class, and that is "the class will consist of what it is called". Since the class was abnormal
psychology, I had an inkling that this is what the class would be about. I assumed this class was
going to divulge into what makes certain disorders and mental health issues "abnormal" and learn
how to tell whether these two things were abnormal to begin with. My feelings of this class were no
different from how I normally feel about any psychology class I take. I was nervous because
psychology tends to make me feel that I may be out of my depth, there are so many different terms,
disorders and symptoms, like how anything can be similar to ... Show more content on
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This disorder will be the one that I will be working with the most in my professional life and one
that I have come to know quite well. For instance, with background knowledge from all my classes,
I know substance use disorder comes with many symptoms and life altering changes. One being, an
individual is usually addicted to one substance, I have read there are some cases where there may be
more they are addicted to as well, but typically it's just one. I also know how difficult the withdrawal
symptoms are for them because of the constant throwing up, diarrhea, nausea and body aches. That
someone with this disorder can easily build up a tolerance for their choice of drug so they need to
take more to get the feeling they desire. The last thing I will mention about this disorder is how
quickly it ruins jobs, relationships with anyone and day to day activities. The user's whole life ends
up revolving around their drug or substance of choice so the long–term effects on their lives are

Personal Accomplishments: A Personal Analysis
"Failure will never overtake me if my determination to succeed is strong enough." Growing up with
anxiety wasn't an easy thing to deal with during my years of high school. From the weight loss to
the nightmares to physiological problems I was dealing with. I asked myself "why me" and why did
I have to experience so much right now. Sometimes I thought God was punishing me. I always
thought that my life was worse than others and that no one understood me. I realized my life isn't all
that bad compared to others who had it even worse than me. Also, the path I'm walking isn't an easy
one. It made me realized that life and things aren't handed to you and you have to fight and
overcome obstacles just like a warrior.
I could just sit here and just brag about my accomplishments during my high school years and my
extracurricular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those initial couple of weeks will stay in my memory as the most agonizing experience of my life
up to this point. I wasn't able to do any school work because of extraordinary physical torment . I
had next to zero physical strength in my body. The agony developed to the point it affected my
lower back and my stomach. Every day, I had a migraine for at least more than five hours. Not
getting enough sleep and protein made it worse for me to survive or even function. For me to sleep,
I had to take three Benadryls every night and then I started to get used to it to where it didn't help
me at all. Nothing was working for me so I decide to go to an adolescent partial program and where
I met other kids that had similar problems like me. Hearing their stories actually created a path for
me to become stable again. Before I came, all I thought about was "why was I born" and "I wish I
was dead" but meeting these kids changed my life because I wanted to succeed for them and other
people that struggled like

Behavioral Theories Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
From a cognitive approach, obsessive–compulsive disorder is the result of people blaming their
obsessions and compulsions on themselves and therefore having non–rational thoughts of bad things
occurring if there compulsions are not acted upon. People with this disorder will attempt to
neutralize their thoughts by the compulsions which is usually unsuccessful. In turn, the individual
will only feel ease from the negative thoughts temporarily. Treatment from a cognitive approach
focuses on giving the patient an understanding of the cognitive process involved in their disorder
(Comer 167). Cognitive therapists will help the patient understand why they are feeling the way they
are, then they begin to direct their thinking patterns in a more ... Show more content on
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Studies have found that drugs such as clomipramine, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine help between 50
and 80% of patients. The downfall to this type of treatment is that once the patient comes off of the
medication the obsessions and compulsions return. This treatment only covers the symptoms of this
disorder. Since there are downfalls to each treatment, cognitive, behavioral, and biological therapies
are often used in combination. Obsessive–compulsive disorder can last for years or even be life long
depending on how successful the treatment is. I chose to write a research paper on OCD because it
is a disorder I am very interested in. I think this disorder can have a huge impact on people's
functioning. I could relate to the research I found on this topic, because I experience similar
obsessions and compulsions. Although, I have never been diagnosed with this disorder. Sometimes it
is difficult to determine whether or not the symptoms are affect daily functioning, because in some
ways it does and in some it does not. For example, when I use the stove in the morning I will worry
about turing it off. I do not have compulsions like explained in the research. I will only have
obsessive thought about the outcomes if it was left on all day. In this case, there is only obsessive
thoughts, but I think this might be related to the disorder. Even though I know I turned the stove off,
this causes anxiety for me which could be considered to impact my

Cognitive Behavioral Theory
As we have mentioned, cognitive behavioural theory is not a single theory. There are as many as 16
different theories associated with the cognitive behavioural model. Some of them include Rational
Emotive Behavior Therapy, Rational Behavior Therapy, Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive
Therapy and Dialectic Behavior Therapy. Cognitive Therapy is a system of psychotherapy that
attempts to reduce excessive emotional reactions and self–defeating behaviour, by modifying the
faulty or erroneous thinking and maladaptive beliefs that underlie these reactions.– Beck According
CBT can be thought of as a highly structured, evidence based–treatment that aims to address
patient's current problems. The treatment is goal oriented and goals are agreed between the patient
and clinician usually in terms of improving the patient's distressing emotional states and unhelpful
patterns of thinking and behaviour. Here, each aspect of the of treatment is explicitly discussed. The
treatment usually lasts 12–18 sessions which is short compared to techniques such as psychoanalysis
that can last ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the therapeutic relationship between the client and patient are important, it is not enough to
ensure recovery. The clinician also needs to have specific practicals at his disposal and be able to
teach the patient how to use these skills outside the treatment setting. In CBT, the clinician and the
patient are both equals in the treatment process. The patient brings his understanding of his
problems and the clinician brings his knowledge of CBT interventions to share with the patient. One
of the skills that the clinician has to develop is that of responsibity in the client. One way of doing is
ensuring that the client and clinician both actively participate in the sessions. Another is by giving
the patient homework tasks. We shall explore this relationship further

My Memoir 'Old At The Age For 4'
Comparing a memoir with a campaign, two very different assignments to showcase improvements
I've made as a writer did not seem like a simple task to me when I started writing this. But I can still
get my point across that the two assignments diversified my writing skills in different ways. My
memoir was an emotional piece I wrote my first semester about my auto immune disorder. This is a
topic I have wrote about multiple times and the words flow out effortlessly when I write about it.
My latest paper for it, "Old at the Age for 4" was compared to the paper I wrote in 11th grade about
it, "Me, myself, and Polychondritis." I did see a big improvement in these papers when it came to
expressing emotion. I did not see it before, but it ties into pathos like ... Show more content on
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Why do my parents always do this to me? They force me to take medication that makes my stomach
queasy like I had just drank spoiled milk. And why am I the only one to take these? Why do my
siblings not have to? These are the questions invading my thoughts as I lay crying into my pink
fluffy pillow." (Galanti, Courtney). Hearing some of my thoughts and asking personal questions that
they potentially feel connected to was my way of using pathos to convey to my audience the
hardships that came along with my life long disorder when I was growing up, and also having them
feel the emotions like they were their own as well. Another instance I was able to use pathos in my
paper used the senses to make the reader feel what I was feeling. "As I bite down, the taste of iron
floods my mouth causing me to immediately search my sandwich for the tiny pink pill. I found the
light circle filled with venom in what I thought was a perfect sandwich as tears begin to fill my
eyes." (Galanti, Courtney). In "Old at the Age of 4" there were a lot of opportunities to use my
emotion to make the reader connect to what I'm saying even if they did not have the

Psychology : Human Mind And Its Functions
Psychology by definition from the Oxford dictionary is the 'scientific study of the human mind and
its functions', or in simpler terms 'the mental characteristics or attitude of an individual'. This subject
focuses on the mentality and behavioral aspects of humans, assessing the behavioral patterns
occurring within the mind, and questioning how it controls certain parts of our bodily system. In the
broad topic of psychology, the numerous aspects of it each have a distinct difference to one another.
For example, the cognitive approach to behaviorism refers to the human behavior, and the primary
focus is how humans think, and how thought processes impact on the way we behave. Psychology,
as a thorough analysis on the human mind, strives to investigate and interpret the way of our minds,
how they are influenced and why certain things (for example the environment) affect our thought
processes in different situations. Behaviorism is mainly concerned with the side of behavior that is
able to be observed, rather than the internal/mental side of it. Behaviorism has its advantages, as it is
an easily observable occurrence making it simpler to define, measure and examine major changes of
an individual. As years pass and psychology evolves, more and more theories are being founded and
even more therapy–related/experiments are being invented, improved and tested professionally. For
almost every established mental problem, there is an option as a solution. Some experts in the field
of

Manic Disorders: Irrational Thought Pattern Of My Life
The pattern of my life has been chaos surrounded by irrational thought patterns, being a first
generation student and struggling to be the epitome of persistence. While mental awareness is a
discussion to divulge in, only a few gravitate to relating and understanding mental diseases. Most
people diagnosed with any mental illness can have a healthy, meaningful and productive life if given
the proper attention. The condition given to me is a bipolar disorder or in some textbook terms,
manic depression. A form of the major affective disorder, or mood disorder, that is defined by manic
or hypomanic episodes. Unlike the average human being my mind struggles to maintain order or
attention in comparison to healthy brains. Over recent years, I ... Show more content on
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Growing up the primary language spoken in my home was Spanish. Due to my father being an
immigrant, speaking only Spanish, my mother was forced to provide for us, and in turn, my dad
stayed home to raise me. I struggled to communicate with most teachers and most students who had
no knowledge of Spanish. Despite repeating kindergarten, I grasped English within two years of
schooling. Spanish soon became a distant language in that I was only being taught English in school
and soon at home, as my grandparents took over the role for my care. Having parents who tried to
support me, none could have the courage to display their love more so than anyone. To ensure that I
would have a better life, both of my parents gave their legal rights over to my grandparents. I now
have the support of two sets of parents in my life. My father came from Columbia in the hopes to
escape from a war–torn country, where the death of his cousin and his attempted murder invoked
fear. His dream was to have a family in a country where he would never fear for their lives. He
desires that my education continues to grow, as he left his country and family behind at the age of
fourteen. Unlike my father, my mother grew up in America, as a seventh generation
Mexican/American. My grandfather is originally from New Mexico, and my grandmother came
from West Virginia, meeting in

Personality Disorders Are Pervasive And Enduring Patterns...
Personality Disorders are pervasive and enduring patterns of thoughts and behaviors that deviate
significantly from the expectations of a person's culture (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
The inner experiences or behaviors are expressed in at least two of the following areas: Cognition,
affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. These patterns are inflexible and stable
over time, cause significant impairment or distress, and have an onset typically occurring in
adolescence or early adulthood. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – 5th Edition (DSM–5)
includes ten specific personality disorders, classified into three clusters based on similar
characteristics (APA, 2013). Cluster A disorders exhibit odd or strange characteristics and include
Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders. Cluster B disorders encompass wild or
dramatic qualities and include Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic personality
disorders. Lastly, Cluster C disorders express anxious or worried features and include Avoidant,
Dependent, and Obsessive–Compulsive personality disorders. Due to the breadth and
comprehensiveness of personality disorders, this review with concentrate on the treatment of Cluster
B disorders, specifically Borderline Personality Disorder.
Psychopathology of Borderline Personality Disorder According to the DSM–5 (APA, 2013),
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a persistent pattern of instability in interpersonal

Ap Psychology Case Study Examples
Presenting Problem: Jamie is exhibiting maladaptive and maladjusted behaviors with distorted
thoughts. Jamie has a compulsive need to touch doorknobs stating "he cannot focus on anything else
and he is "happy when he can touch a doorknob and walk through the door." Jamie feels that he
must touch each doorknob twice so that he does not have "bad thoughts." When asked about his
thoughts Jamie said: "doorknobs bother him and he does not like to think about them." Jamie then
explains he gets "really upset when someone tries to stop him from touching doorknobs. Jamie is
teased at school and feels lonely because he cannot make any friends. Jamie is also experiencing
some involuntary movements, gestures, and noises that he cannot control accompanied ... Show
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It does appear Jamie has ruminating thoughts (e.g., constantly thinking about doorknobs) with
negative consequence along with some irrational beliefs (e.g., he must touch every doorknob). In
fact, his adaptive behaviors trigger his automated thoughts in regards to his obsession causing an
inability to complete different tasks. Furthermore, the pattern of Jamie's thoughts is similar to the
symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Tourette's Disorder. Jamie does show an
intuitive perception of his uncontrolled behaviors like when they may occur (e.g., "before he thinks
about doorknobs"). Jamie did not discuss an actual illusion. Nevertheless, it does appear that Jamie
has some sensory misperceptions correlating his compulsive action to bad thoughts to which, he
cannot describe. Jamie demonstrates an average level of awareness for his age and does not appear
to be a danger to self or others. Cognition: The client processed information; clearly, Jamie
displayed the ability to concentrate on questions asked. Jamie demonstrated a basic pool of
knowledge through recalling memories of past events, using abstract thinking toward expressing and
understanding his thoughts. Such as when asked, "Are you thinking about anything else when you
feel the need to touch the doorknobs?" He states: "Uh, no, I don't think so, just the doorknobs. It's
hard to explain.

The Diagnosis Of Schizophrenia Notoriously Requires An...
Schizophrenia involves a warped reality enveloped with misperceptions, hallucinations and
delusions which in turn compromise the mental health of an individual and, if left untreated, their
ability to function in society (Meuser, 2015). The diagnosis of schizophrenia notoriously requires an
interview period where a professional, studies " at risk youth", particularly their speech patterns, and
detects disorganization in their verbal abilities and thought processes. A recent study written about
in, The Atlantic, unveils a potentially more accurate method of diagnosing schizophrenia in addition
to the age–old process of interviewing; through the utilization of technology, computers were found
to detect schizophrenia in at risk youth with one hundred percent accuracy (LaFrance, 2015).
Schizophrenia stands to be inherently rare, however, the illness is, "among the worlds top ten causes
of long–term disability" (Meuser, 2015). The onset of the disorder takes place over a period of
approximately five years and during this time, symptoms begin to appear. Schizophrenia has
negative, positive, and cognitive symptoms all of which stem from a breakdown in relation between
thought, emotion and behavior (Meyer). These symptoms include but are not limited to withdrawal,
hallucinations and delusions; without proper treatment a person could potentially become a danger
or threat to themselves and those around them, "Because of the disruptive effects of relapses on
patients lives, and the

After Diagnosis, Parental Action, And Acceptance By The
After diagnosis, parental action, and acceptance by the child, treatment can begin.one get treatment.
Cognitive–behavioral therapy is the most efficient treatment for OCD. Cognitive behavioral therapy
teaches a child different way to behave. There is scientific evidence that this form of therapy causes
chemical reactions in the brain. A person who uses this therapy will undergo chemical changes in the
brain and feel relief from their symptoms of OCD (Schwartz 1996). A child with OCD needs to
understand that they get recurring thoughts and need to learn how to stop it. Cognitive behavioral
therapy weakens the link between obsessive thoughts, compulsions and anxious thoughts which
make them have relief (March & Mule, 1998). Cognitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There was a ten–year–old study on cognitive behavioral therapy which says that this therapy is the
most efficient way to treat OCD (Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 2004). It also says that this
therapy is as good as taking medication. The study also shows that cognitive behavioral therapy
should be the first treatment for children suffering from OCD The three steps of cognitive
behavioral therapy are extremely difficult. listed above sound easy to do but are in fact extremely
difficult (Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 2004).
Research Limitations Albano & Kendall (2002) discusses how cognitive behavioral therapy is the
most efficient treatment for OCD. The authors are bias since they are obviously pro this treatment.
They overlook other treatments for this disorder. The authors use a lot of information to support
their conclusion. They present facts and proof of reasons this treatment is more effective. Chansky,
T.E. (2000) wrote a book helping parents cope with OCD. In my opinion Chansky was not bias. The
author presented information, symptoms, and treatment plans for people with OCD. The book did a
great job portraying the symptoms, and teaching parents how to deal with OCD. Developmental
Disabilities Bulletin, 2004, is an article discussing how cognitive behavioral therapy is the best
treatment. The article is bias as it states how it is the best treatment. The

Psychiatric Disorders Case Analysis Essay
Mental Status Examination: "Panic Disorder" Steve
General Appearance The patient is a middle–aged white male. He appears to be well kempt, dressed
neatly but casually and somewhat dully in jeans and a button–down shirt. He is slightly overweight.
He responds to the interviewer in a friendly and cooperative manner, and they seem to have
adequate rapport. He mostly maintains good eye contact, although not staring, and he tends to look
briefly away when relating incidents that could make him emotional. He tends to respond positively
when answering followup questions, for example agreeing that even when not having an anxiety
attack, he does worry about when the next might strike, and curtails his activities as a result. His
facial expression ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Attention is good. Concentration is fine, although not tested to its maximum. He does not appear
preoccupied, but rather focused on explaining his problems. His memory for recent and remote
events seems good. His thinking seems somewhat concrete, as he provides details of incidents that
have happened to him and seems to be relying on his doctors to tell him what his symptoms mean.
His insight into his illness may have been somewhat limited in the past, as before seeking therapy he
sought medical evaluation for possible heart attack. While that might be recommended in any case,
he seems to have assumed initially it was a heart attack, not wondering, "Is it my heart or is it
anxiety?" However, now that physical problems have been ruled out, he seems reasonably accepting
of the possibility that his symptoms are due to anxiety or phobia. He is oriented to time, place, and
person as he recites these incidents in his life. His judgment seems fine. He seems to have made
realistic decisions under the circumstances, such as not going out into crowds since his anxiety
greatly increases in that setting, and such as being persistent in seeking a reason for his symptoms of
chest tightness and

Cognitive Behavioral Theory Essay
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short–term, problem–centered therapy that is used to
address psychopathology within the individual (Beck, 1995). This model of therapy is used to
address issues of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relational problems, and drug abuse, and can
be utilized when working with individuals, as well as within group and family modalities. The core
aspects of this therapy include collaboration and participation by the client, a strong alliance
between therapist and client, and an initial focus on current problems and functioning (Beck, 1995).
The theory of CBT emphasizes the relationship between the individual's thoughts feelings and
behaviors, which is seen as being the underlying cause of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Once an automatic thought occurs within the individual, it triggers a feeling, which in turn triggers
the individual's response, such as a behavior and/or physiological response. For example, after a
young child begins to pick up his blocks to be put away, his mother rubs him on the back and gives
him praise for his actions. His automatic thought may be, "I am good when I put away blocks,"
triggering a feeling of confidence, an increased level of physical energy, and the behavior of putting
away the remaining blocks.
Automatic thoughts can be neutral, positive, or negative. We all have our own automatic thoughts as
we move through our day–to–day lives and interact with others. In regards to individuals with
psychological disorders, the cognitive model looks at how negative thoughts influence the
individual's feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1995). From a CBT lens, it is the negative automatic
thoughts that an individual has that perpetuate symptoms of psychological disorders, the occurrence
of negative mood, uncomfortable physiological responses, and maladaptive or inappropriate
behaviors (Beck, 1995). While we all have moments of experiencing negative automatic thoughts,
for those with psychological disorders, and more pervasive difficulties in living, negative thoughts
are often experienced in situations that are neutral, producing negative feelings that lead to
maladaptive behaviors or responses that would not

Freudian-Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Everybody has at least one dark thought in their life. Some people can manage it, some people are
manipulated by it over their emotions. Although having dark thoughts is not a serious illness, it
dominates the lives of those who suffer. It is not a rare issue, but it is a matter that needs to be
concerned for a healthy spiritual life. The interview mentions three therapies of thought: Freudian–
based therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and Third wave therapy ( Mindfulness therapy).
The first therapy, Freudian–based therapy supposes that our thoughts are meaningful, which can
reflect our true self. Freudian–based therapy emphasizes the profound value of thoughts. Jonathan
Shedler, a psychologist in Colorado supports Freud's theory by ... Show more content on
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It has some features to recognize. OCD is the phenomenon when obsession occurs by the
penetration of thoughts into the patients that increase anxiety, and the compulsion happens by doing
repetitive actions to reduce anxiety (Stein, 2002). One of the symptoms of people with OCD is
worrying about harming themselves and others (Stein, 2002). Some obsessions and compulsion are
identified as sexual, religious, somatic, and musical symptoms (Stein, 2002). Symptoms of OCD can
change a little over time (Stein, 2002). However, there is no big difference between children and
adults in terms of symptoms (Stein, 2002). Although the patient can recognize the symptoms, they
are unlikely to know that they have OCD because they are often evaluated as having a poor insight
(Stein, 2002). Therefore, patients suspected of having OCD should see a psychiatrist for an
appropriate diagnosis and

Dissociative Identity Disorder
My topic of choice for this research paper is Dissociative Identity Disorder or DID. This appellation
is rather new; therefore, most are more familiar with the disorder's older, less technical name:
Multiple Personality Disorder or MPD. When first presented with the task of selecting a topic on
which to center this paper, I immediately dismissed Dissociative Identity Disorder (which for the
sake of brevity will be referred to as DID for the remainder of this paper) as a viable topic due to the
sheer scope of the disorder. However after an exhaustive examination of other prospective topics, I
found myself back at my original choice. There are several reasons why I chose DID. The foremost
of which is the widespread fascination of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The experience is processed in a way that breaks up the pieces of the event into differing states of
consciousness. Damaging though it may be, this dissociation is a rather effective defense
mechanism. For this reason, frequently even long after the traumatizing circumstances have ended,
the dissociation remains.
1 Definition derived from http://www.healthubs.com/dissociative/
What are the symptoms of DID? After much research I have prepared a list of what I feel are to be
the most common symptoms of DID. The symptoms that require further explanation are explained
to the right. They are listed in order of incidence and are as follows:
§ Amnesia: (memory or time loss) DID amnesia usually manifests itself as large gaps in childhood
memories.
§ Switching: This is the term used when one personality ‘comes out' to replace another. This
appears to be a sudden and obvious change in mood, behavior, or even appearance of the sufferer.
This usually occurs when the sufferer is presented with an anxiety–producing situation.
§ Voices: DID sufferers often complain about hearing voices in their heads. These "voices" are
actually the alters'.
§ Headaches: Severe headaches are common. Note: these headaches are unresponsive to pain killers.
§ Suicidal tendencies
§ Headaches: Headaches which are hard to treat with normal painkillers, and are caused by the
internal pressures from the other "alters"

§ Depressions and Panic Attacks: that

Personal Narrative: Major Depressive Disorders
When I heard that these disorders could also affected me resulting from major depressive disorder, I
was still in denial mode. Then I came to realize that having MDD was only affecting me, but also
affecting my family and my friends. I became a bother to them and also came to realization that I
needed help. So I asked my parents to help me seek treatments to where I can get back to my normal
self. My normal self was a person that was cheerful, always making jokes, happy, and just lived life
to the fullest. I miss my normal self. The treatments that I had were very affective. The disorder that
I was treated for is psychotherapy, where I talked about what is making me think negative thoughts
and it allow discussing how I can improve on thinking

The Psychology Of Cognitive Theory
The history of Cognitive behavior therapy was theorized or developed, by Dr. Aaron T Beck. To
clarify, Dr. Beck theorized CBT as a form of psychotherapy, the therapists and the client working
together as a team, in efforts of developing a therapeutic solution. Next, the CBT therapeutic model
is conclusive to studies aiding in seeking solutions which mirror psychiatric disorders such as
anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, PTSD, and other personality
disorders still being conducted or tested. In the end, the purpose is to open the client 's mind as to
their thought process, so that he/she can reflect on their way of thinking, behaviors, and the
emotional direction as to the issues or problems.
Next, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
403). By the same token, the goal is to improve the behaviors leading connected to disorders, by
incorporating treatment options and strategies for a positive outcome for the client. Equally
important, to change the way a person thinks are motivating the mind to right and as of today,
motivational interviewing increase the chances to change addictive behaviors" (Wiers, & Stacy,
2006, p.295). Nevertheless, medication and behavior therapy can improve the status of the
individuals thought process and desire for drugs. "Therefore, effective treatment options are possible
for multiple addictions such as collecting evidence to address the client's needs perchance, using
pharmacological or behavioral interventions, which boost executive inhibitory control in addicts"
(Sofuoglu, DeVito, Waters, & Carroll, (n.d), p.452).
Fourth, the populations suited for treatment using cognitive interventions are adolescents, couple's,
children, and families the main goal with the use of cognitive therapy. For the most part, cognitive
therapy is there to help an individual achieve remission from their disorder to prevent future relapse
or pain within their circle assisting in their journey.
Last, the CBT model is a helping aid for the therapist and positive reinforcement, for the client being
treated. Therefore, creating and open the door for another therapist expertise to address the concerns
of the client and help them

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: A Case Study
Teasdale et al. (2002) showed that mindfulness interventions increase metacognitive awareness and
reduced levels of major depression in patients. A necessary component to the mindfulness practice is
the dis–identification of one's thoughts and emotions. Instead of taking on thoughts and emotions
and labeling them as a part of the self, mindfulness practice shifts this cognitive set and looks at
these thoughts and emotions as just passing, random mental events, like clouds in a blue sky
(Teasdale et al., 2002). The phrase, "I am bad" changes to "I happen to be feeling bad at the moment
naturally." Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002) has
been shown to utilize this concept of decentering or dis–identifying ... Show more content on
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In a study comparing the effects of relapse in depressed patients currently in remission, one hundred
and sixty patients aged 18–65 years old meeting DSM–IV criteria for major depressive disorder
were given antidepressant pharmacotherapy first, and then MBCT after discontinuing their drug
treatment. If they continued drug treatment according to the original design, a mindfulness based
intervention was not substituted. The findings concluded that MBCT was just as effective in the
survival of their remission as the original drug intervention was even after the drug was abruptly

Greek Mythology: What Is Narcissism?
The word "narcissism" comes from the greek mythology. It comes from a story about a man called
Narcissus.Narcissus really loved his own reflection, he could look at it for days. Narcissus felt in
love with his own reflection. Therefore it is called "narcissism" because that in a less extreme way
this is seen in the society. But it is not the same kind of narcissism. Chris can be compared to
Narcissus in a way, Narcissus fell in love with himself and Chris felt that his opinion was so
important that the whole world should hear it. Narcissism is described with 3 words: less extreme
acts of vanity, conceit and egotism (s.3 , l.35). These words directly refers to the people who are
psychologically affected by ''new narcissism have very high thoughts about themselves. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
36–37) It's very absurd to think of a person who is so self concerned that they would pick a mirror
as an personal affect. Even though the psychological disorder narcissism seems as something crazy
described by these quotes it is actually found that two–thirds of students scored over average in an
study about narcissisme made by professor Jean twenge. New narcissism is therefore a personality
disorder, where you have an abnormally desire for your ego. The disorders symptoms are lack in
empathy for others than yourself. It is also a delusion, that you are more important than everyone
else. The delusion is also the most common symptom for the disorder, and it is therefore very clear,
who that has

My Obsession With OCD
Perfectionist Imagine someone constantly slapping your face, screaming at you to do something
over and over. Until you do as they say, they will not stop yelling at you and telling you to follow
their instructions. If you are anything like me, you would just do as you are told and not question it
whatsoever because you perceive yourself as helpless and standing up for yourself is not an option.
Once you give into the pressure and complete the task being forced upon you, they finally leave you
alone. Although your face is now as red as a tomato, you feel a sense of relief and satisfaction for
handling that situation without it getting out of hand. Now imagine if this person did this to you
every day, and this action is now a part of your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It makes me feel satisfied and relieved knowing that I have control over almost everything that I do
and I can make it as neat, and equal as possible. I truly believe that my OCD has also made me more
organized, efficient, and overall a smarter person due to the obsessions of making sure everything is
"perfect". There is almost never a mistake that I have made that I did not notice and fix before it
turned into a disaster. When I was about thirteen years old, I newly found out about OCD and after
going to the doctor's office to get her opinion on my behaviour, she suggested that I might have this
disorder. After watching numerous documentaries, I found myself saying "I do that too!" to many of
the people and their symptoms and came to the conclusion that I have this disorder. I always
wondered why it was considered a terrible thing to be obsessive–compulsive and why it was
referred to as a disorder. Because the entire idea about being obsessive–compulsive is being orderly
and doing things in an orderly manner, how can there be a disorder of order? I thought it was natural
to live life in a systematic way, regardless of how that made you feel. But, OCD is like a monster
inside your head; the more you feed it, the stronger and bigger it becomes. In my case, my monster
was overly fed, and along with it came

Critical Incident Debriefing: A Case Study
The difference between therapy and managing a critical incident is therapy is thought as emotional–
charged interactions between a licensed therapist and the client suffering from some psychological
difficulties. Secondly, the client confides in the therapist for answers or solutions to their problems
and how to maintain and get back to equilibrium. "A critical incident occurs when a catastrophic
event takes place, producing a highly stressful situation or traumatic event, perceived as a life–
changing or threatening event, which the client becomes overwhelmed and unable to cope" (Grand
Canyon University, 2015). The definition of a critical incident is a comprehensive integrated and
systematic multitask crisis intervention approach, occurring after a traumatic event. The persons
involved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next, the professional counselor shall be able to begin the process by design as a health professional
to increase safety or prevent any serious harm to others or the client. "The Mitchell model is a form
of psychological debriefing training model which reinforces social support with individuals
emotionally healthy experiencing a traumatic or acute abnormal stress reaction to a traumatic event"
(Healy, & Tyrrell, 2013, pg. 33). The team counselor or CISM must be able to evaluate each request
for assistance and determine the appropriate initial response level. Depending on specific conditions
and crisis management briefing, diffusing the situation with one–on–one interventions, debriefing,
and demobilization helps determines response levels. Equally important, counselors are trained to
assist individuals on how to understand and cope with their stress and maintain recovery, when a
person is experiencing normal emotional reactions after a critical

Anxiety- Making it Live around You, Not the Other Way Around
Have you ever had a stalker follow you 24/7, and want you dead... having to live with him
whispering in you ear that the world would be better off with you not in it. Well this is what living
with anxiety disorder is like.
Now obviously this is an extreme end of the symptoms, but sadly it happens to often, and we are
forced to cope with it. My symptoms, yes mine, range anything from racing thoughts, to a racing
heart, to left–field thoughts of suicide.
I feel like anxiety is such a touchy subject that very little people want to openly talk about it. I mean
where is the stigma in saying, hey last week I wanted to kill myself. It just doesn't roll of the tongue,
or really relate to anyone who is not struggling with it.
I think that is the hardest part of having anxiety disorder, NO one around you understands what you
are going through, unless they suffer from it as well. There is no easy way to describe what happens,
and how to handle each situation.
If only there were some kind of guide book to living with anxiety disorder, and I am not talking
about those pamphlets that tell me how to breathe, or areas in my life that I can reduce stress.
Unfortunately I am an every day college student with statistically alarming amounts of anxiety,
regardless if you have the disorder or not... so if you think your stress is bad, and you don't have
anxiety disorder. Just image what it would be like if you tripled that stress, for no apparent reason,
and with little to no way to change the

The Movie Identity Essay
What was the main problem or issue addressed in the movie Identity? Ten strangers arrive at an
isolated location which is cut off from the rest of the world and are killed off by one by one.
Malcolm whom is a serial killer, which tried telling people he doesn't kill intentionally and that he
has multiple personalities or a double identity. The movie basically took place in the killer's head.
The people at the motel was just aspects of his personalities. What psychological concepts were
discussed in movie? Dissociative identity disorder / Multiple personality disorder was discussed in
the movie. Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and
lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings,

Being A School Psychologist
Being a School Psychologist: Using Projective Assessment Projective assessments have been widely
used by psychologists to evaluate the thought process of their clients (Cheramie, Griffin & Morgan,
2000). Particularly, School Psychologists are encouraged to use projective assessment to reveal a
student's thinking. The reason for this stems from the student's inability to directly express
complicated and mature conversation. For instance, if a third grader is dealing with the troubles of
his parent's divorce, he may not be able to directly express that. However, a kinetic family drawing
might indicate that the student feels left out of the family dynamic. The drawing may showcase the
child standing far away from the family, while the family engages ... Show more content on
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Older children can be seen speaking about their feelings in a very mature context. Children however,
cannot directly express themselves on a mature level. A ninth grader may find it easier to talk about
his parent's divorce versus a second grader talking about his parent's divorce. The second grader
may not even understand the concept of divorce to be able tell the examiner about it. An older
student might express that the divorce is what makes him feel depressed and lonely. This does not
mean that a projective assessment cannot be used with an older student, but it may be more geared
towards younger children who might enjoy drawing or coloring their family

My Struggle With Anxiety-Personal Narrative
Walking into school on a cold Monday morning in December, I could already feel my stomach start
to churn, my palms begin sweat, and my heart start to beat faster and faster. I tried my best to
control the nervous feelings I was having, upset at myself that I had to go through this every single
day. The thought of just running back out those big glass doors and going home sounded amazing
but I knew that was not an option. Just getting through the day felt like the biggest struggle. I didn't
want people to know what was going on with me. I was so embarrassed, feeling so defeated that I
was letting this mental disorder control every decision that I made. I wanted so desperately to not
feel this way anymore.
Struggling with anxiety was one of the toughest things that I have ever had to deal with. You cannot
just take a pill and make it all go away. I was constantly feeling nervous, thinking about all the bad
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Admitting that something was getting to be too much to handle is never easy to do. The surprising
thing was, the more I talked about it, the more I learned to accept it. I soon realized that this was not
something to be ashamed of. It was such a relief to not have to hide this part of my life from anyone
anymore. It really helped knowing that so many other people have to deal with the same problem
that I deal with.
Being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder came as a shock to me at first. I always knew that I was
more anxious than most people but I never thought that I had any kind of a problem. I wanted it all
to go away, constantly asking myself why this had to happen to me. But now, looking back, I'm glad
that it did happen to me. It was just an obstacle that I had to learn to overcome. It taught me that I
can handle anything that life throws at me. I believe that having a mental disorder does not make me
weak, but it makes me a stronger

Sleep Definition Essay
12:00. After two hours of preparing for the infamous trials of the night through episodes of
television and novels, I sneak into my sheets. Immediately, imagination swarms my mind. As a bee
bombards its hive rambunctiously, my mind boggles with new thoughts; it thumps to the beat of the
leaking faucet in the bathroom. My eyes burn with the hope of opening to check its surroundings.
They blink in the consuming darkness, and close once again. As the darkness promises isolation it
allows fear to creep in. Fear of the future, which is all I can focus on. It is impossible to sleep with
so much to be done, but I must. It is bizarre to come to terms with how our minds fall asleep. There
is that instant moment where it slips into slumber, yet we remain unaware. Many define sleep ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anxiety is not just getting butterflies in one's stomach, yet it is the gravity of being forced down by
fears. OCD does not translate to organization, yet it is the necessity of perfection, whatever the cost
may be. Depression is not having a bad day, but feeling an anchor of darkness which pulls and pulls.
All of these mental health disorders demand attention and treatment, but with the majority of society
making claims to them, it is impossible to differentiate reality from fallacy. Moreover, it creates an
illusion of falsity among those who actually struggle with these disorders. For someone to struggle
with anxiety and recognize its effects, it is confusing to watch a perfectly sane person claim the
same name. Mental health disorders help others come to terms that they are not insane, yet
struggling with something like depression. It is a mad world, where people are killed daily based on
their race, gender, or who they decide to love. Through all of this, what stands out to me is that
while the world continues to scrape the surface, no one has attempted to break the

The Effects Of Medication On The Body
Psychopharmacology deals with the study of how medication is used to treat mental disorders. This
approach comes with ongoing learning of the effects of medication on the body, and also how the
body impacts medication. This however, does not exclude therapy with the client. Psychiatrists and
other trained medical doctors utilize this area for the treatment of patients with mental disorders.
Sociocultural perspective is based on the position that the environment, social and cultural
influences affect a person's behaviour. The main person is this school of thought is Lev S. Vygotsky
(1896– 1934) who believed that schools, classrooms, and other environment played a key role in the
cognitive development of children (Valenzuela, 2002). He thought that children were able to learn
through interaction with their teachers because cognitive development precedes learning. Children
are also able to learn through imitation of others. After this step is accomplished, they will go on to
learning from intrinsic methods such as memory.
Cognitive psychology supports the view that a person's thoughts have a major effect on their
emotions, and therefore seeks to get a person to break negative thought patterns. This approach
looks at the relationship between behaviour and the thought process, and understands how an
individual thought process would influence how they view a particular situation (Fritscher, 2016). In
addition, Jean Piaget (1896–1980) was a psychologist who specialized in the

The Doing Mind Analysis
The doing mind is goal oriented such as trying to avoid a specific mood or behavior. The doing
mind focuses on the steps to that need to be taken to achieve this goal and tries to lessen the gap
between where the person is and where person wants to be (Prochaska & Norcross, 2014). If the
person's actions allow him or her to achieve the goal the person will be able to exit the doing mind.
However, if the goal is not achieved, he or she will get stuck in the loop and will focus his or her
attention on the gap and the problem. In contrast, the being mind focuses on experiencing the
present mind as it is without judgement or any pressure to change it. The being mind has a direct
and intimate experience with the present (NREPP, 2012). According to the NREPP (2012), MBCT's
eight week program is comprised of an intake interview, eight group therapy sessions, and up to four
reinforcement sessions. The NREPP outlines the MBCT program as designed by Drs. Zindel Segal,
John Teasdale, and Mark Williams in 1995. Sessions one through four focus on learning to pay
attention. Specifically, session one is an introduction and focuses on recognition of being on
automatic pilot. Session two helps the client deal with barriers through focusing on the body to
reveal the chatter of the mind and how it controls our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is probably because the interventions like MBCT have been standardized and therefore
facilitate empirical research and are comparable across studies. However, some evidence regarding
mindfulness meditations suggests Vipassana may be useful for reducing substance abuse among
prisoners and facilitating more mature coping strategies. Additionally, Zen may be useful for
lowering stress, pain perception, and blood pressure. There is consistent evidence that MBSR has
benefits for many things such as cancer, fibromyalgia, HIV, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic
disorder (Chiesa & Malinowski,

Depression : A Psychological Disorder
Depression According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, depression is a mental
disorder characterized by feelings of worthlessness, guilt, sadness, helplessness, and hopelessness.
Some of the symptoms that are accompanied by depression include lack of appetite, excessive
hunger, weight gain, weight loss, and lack of concentration. If depression is present in someone,
they can also experience anxiety. Several medical diagnosis's can characterize depression such as
HIV, Aids, Diabetes, and Eating Disorders. Depression is a serious illness that is often not taken
serious enough. Major Issue with Depression The major issue with depression is that it seems to be a
silent mental disorder. Many go without medication and suffer from it because of the embarrassment
of having it or from no one understanding what they are going through. Depression needs more
awareness on how serious the disorder is. It can destroy someone's life if it is not treated properly.
Emotions are a part of everyday life. Someone may go from being happy to mad within the hour.
When this happens it is called a mood. When moods are extreme though, that is when depression is
showing. Depression can also be caused by extreme stress that is in someone's life. By some
estimates, women are twice as likely to become depressed as men: boys and girls have the same
level of risk until age 12, after which the risk for girls doubles through adolescence and remains
consistently higher until after menopause

Primary Neurological Brain Abnormalities And Individuals...
Introduction
There are primary neurological brain abnormalities in individuals with schizophrenia. According to
Fusar–Poli (2009), schizophrenia is delineated by prefrontal activity and elevated striatal
dopaminergic functions. These elevations in striatal dopamine activity and prefrontal cortical
dysfunctions (Fusar–Poli, 2009). Along with other abnormalities in white matter as well as, having
been observed in the right superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, bilateral
parahippocampal gyrus, adjacent to the right caudate head, right thalamus, left insula, left lentiform
nucleus, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral claustrum (Antonius, 2011). The study of these findings
may assist us to understand their role in the severity of the schizophrenia disorder symptoms
(Antonius, 2011).
This research paper will provide an a comprehensive look of this disorder by providing the essential
features, enhanced knowledge on neurological pathology, recent research on the field that aids in the
comprehension of the neurodevelopment of schizophrenia, demographics including, prevalence
rates, and gender differences, an extensive review of differential diagnosis, the use of anti–psychotic
medication and therapy as forms of treatment, the etiology of the disorder from the biological and
cognitive perspective. Although the key pathological features are white matter abnormalities that
include global and focal volume reductions, hypodensities, reduced fractional anisotropy, and
profound

Things I Wish I Learned Sooner By Nikita Gill
"Love someone who is kinder to you than you are to yourself." A quote said by Nikita Gill in Things
I Wish I Had Learned Sooner, had countless thoughts swirling through my mind. I didn't realize
before reading this quote how cruel I was to myself; I was always bitter when thinking about myself.
I kept thinking how unacceptable I am of myself, how imperfect I was. However, with this one
quote, my mindset has started changing slightly about myself.
My sister keeps telling me to ignore my thoughts and just focus on myself, that I'll be happy and
will live in a bless without overthinking and impairing myself. I used to always ask about my
appearance, whether I look proper or not, I kept asking what my flaws were, just to try and change
them so that I will find happiness. As I grew, I started asking myself, am I happy? But what exactly
is happiness? Is it satisfaction? That I am content with my life and myself? ... Show more content on
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I couldn't think of something I wanted to do, something I was truly pleased with, I always followed
what my sister wanted. She wants to be a teacher? I will be a teacher as well. She wants to be
actress? No problem, I probably got the talents required. Designer? It doesn't matter; fashion
interests me. A Psychologist? Yeah, that's fascinating. At last, I stuck with becoming a Psychologist.
Great, now I have a dream. How can I achieve it? Did I know anything about Psychology?
Absolutely not, all I associated it with was the

Therapist Intervention
Intervention/ What am I doing?:
It is important to understand that the client may be upset, anxious, and in turmoil about coming to
the appointment. The client may desire relationships with other people, but are fearful and unable to
interact with unknown people due to their fear of possible rejection or disapproval. This can be true
in building a relationship with the therapist. The first step is to attempt to bring about a rapport with
the client; the client may need to feel comfortable to talk and gain a sense of who the therapist is,
before deciding they want therapy. If the client feels comfortable the assessment of the problem can
begin. The therapist should be familiar with structured questionnaires and interviews (assessment
tools) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethically the therapist is bound to articulate from the start of treatment how long the therapist will
be available for treatment. The timeframe of the treatment should be openly discussed to prepare the
client and give the therapist time to make appropriate referrals at the conclusion of the treatment.
The therapist should review the progress made during the sessions. Discuss with the client how they
feel about termination, also the therapist should be aware of their own emotions concerning the
impending termination with a client and share their feelings about ending the therapeutic
relationship. Ensure that the client is comfortable with the tools and skills they have acquired
through the therapeutic process. Issues with termination can occur when the client suddenly produce
new problems that the therapist can only solve. At this time dependency issues begin to arise.it is up
the therapist to ensure the client the problems can be resolved in the appropriate time before the
termination date. (James & Gilliland, 2005, p.

The Effect Of Suppression And The Consequences Of The...
Wegner, Schneider, Carter first studied suppression in 1987, defining it as a conscious effort used to
direct attention away from a thought. Controlled research were only conducted after their famous
study of the "white bear", with most research concluding that suppressive thoughts would actually
make these thoughts more invasive. The current essay draws on example from normal and clinical
research to show the paradoxical effect of suppression and the resulting detrimental outcomes.
In the study of Wegner et al, participants were asked not to think about 'white bear' for five minutes.
During this time, they were asked to verbalise their thoughts and ring a bell every time they though
about a white bear. This was called the "suppression ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Baumeister et al (1998), these resources are limited and can be depleted temporary.
This suggests that those who had been constantly suppressing thoughts, (e.g.) keeping secrets, or
suppressing thoughts of a secret relationship, might find additional suppression more difficult. Also,
those who had a smaller capacity for 'active volition' (Baumeister et al, 1998) would find
suppression less effective as they might sustain the exclusion of thoughts or the distraction from the
target thought for a shorter period of time. Furthermore, despite obtaining significant results to
prove that suppressed thoughts are not at all inhibited, the generalizability of the result remained
questionable; one could effectively argue that the contradictory effect was provoked by the
instruction to ring a bell whenever the target thought occurred.
On this note, the paradoxical effects of thought suppression has been found to extend from thoughts
of white bears (Wegner et al, 1978), to more realistic conditions, for example the attack of a grizzly
bear (Rassin, Merckelbach an Muris, 1997). In the study of Rassin et al, participants were shown a
three–minute video clip of a tourist being attacked by a grizzly bear. The video finished by finishing
with an ambiguous ending so that participants were left uncertain whether the tourist survived the
vigorous attack, it was also recorded deliberately in the form of accidental real–life footage to
heighten the emotion impact. By using an

What Is A Narcissistic Sociopath
Most people would probably think of a narcissistic sociopath as having a high self–esteem, but the
majority of the time, it is the exact opposite. They have a deep sense of insecurity of underneath
their grand exterior. They want/need others to be envious of them, but usually they are the jealous
one. They are competitive and threatened by others achievements. Their relationships are often
stormy and short–lived. They leave a trail of hurt feelings in their wake. They are easily hurt, but
normally choose not to show it. They can't stand criticism, make excuses, and refuse to take
responsibility for their own flaws and failures. They believe they are natural leaders who can easily
sway others. They never listen. It's a one way street. All take, no give. ... Show more content on
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Is a person simply born this way? Do they grow and evolve into a narcissist or sociopath. The causes
of narcissistic personality disorder aren't well understood. Inherited genetic defects are thought to be
responsible for up to 50% of cases. Environmental factors may also contribute to the disorder, such
as childhood abuse and/or neglect, excessive pampering or unrealistic expectations from parents.
(Levy, R. 2015). Parents fail to provide sufficient nurturing and support or an emotional level by not
recognizing and respecting their children's individuality, but they also try to mold them according to
their image of how they should be. The lack of nurturing and recognition aggravates the distortions,
but it is the distortion that produces the narcissistic

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Might be Affecting...
ADHD Attention deficit hyperactive disorder should be diagnosed in more people because it is
affecting the learning, working, and the living ability in children, teens, and adults. ADHD is a
disorder that can still be among adults. Adults with ADHD may have a difficult time with following
directions, remembering information, concentrating, organizing tasks, or completing work within
the time limits. It can be more challenging for a doctor to identify an adult with ADHD than a child.
Adults with an extensive history of A.D.H.D whohave experienced failure situations at school,
home, and in peer relationships, find that working and separating from their family of origin allow
life–style choices that may better suit their needs. For instance, individuals labeled as failures
because they can not sit still and listen well, may succeed as motivational speakers or salesperson.If
these difficulties are not managed appropriately, then they can cause associated behavior, emotional,
social, vocational, and academic problems. These behaviors may be mild to severe, and can vary
with the situation, or be present all of the time. Some adults that have ADHD may be able to
concentrate if they are interested in, or if they are excited about what they are doing. Other adults
may have a difficult time focusing under any circumstances. Some adults look for situations, but
others avoid it. In addition, adults with ADHD can be withdrawn and antisocial, or they can be very
social, going

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