Different Yardsticks

Different Yardsticks
Do consumers use different yardsticks for evaluating trial experience and post–purchase consumption experience? – A review of online chatter
Purpose: This exploratory study is an attempt to understand whether consumers use different yardsticks to evaluate product trial experience and
post–purchase consumption experience.
Design/methodology/approach (mandatory): The researchers make use case methodology in the motion picture industry. The pre–release and
post–release reception of two Indian feature films, Queen and Gulaab Gang, was studied. To gain insights and answer to the research question, the
researchers used consumer satisfaction theory to examine online comments and reviews generated by users over the lifetime of both films. Text ... Show
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Marketers across industry verticals are increasingly encouraging consumers to experience their products before they make a purchase decision. To cite
examples, consumer goods companies distribute free product samples, apparel brands offer a fitting room, automobile manufacturers offer test drives,
motion picture industry releases theatrical trailers, cosmetic brands offer makeovers, software firms offer limited period trials and so on. While the
marketing literature confirms product trial efficacy over advertising (Marks and Kamins 1988; Smith 1993; Wright and Lynch 1995), the extant
literature does not have an answer to questions that marketing practitioners may have – Why consumers tend to dislike products after an initial positive
response during product trial? Why consumers tend to start developing an affinity for products over extended use despite having not liked them during
the initial trial? This exploratory study is an attempt to understand whether consumers use different yardsticks to evaluate product trial experience and
post–purchase consumption experience. More specifically, the study reviews product trial and post purchase evaluation and presents a discussion in the
context of consumer satisfaction literature. The study also reviews conceptual definitions of electronic word–of–mouth (eWOM) and presents a
discussion around the extant literature in the motion picture industry.
Next, the case context of two
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Critical Issue Analysis
University of Phoenix Material
Critical Issue Analysis
After reading the selected critical issue, use the following questions to analyze the issue. Issue 3 – Is Psychological Debriefing a Harmful Intervention
for Survivors of Trauma?
1. What are at least two facts presented by each side of the critical issue? Devilly & Cotton who represent the con side of the agreement present many
different facts. Two that stand out is: that psychological debriefing ". . . more of a "moral maintenance" intervention qua gesture of employer support,
rather than a clinical intervention influencing distress and clinical symptomatolgy. (Halgin, 2009, p. 68.) Devilliy & Cotton also point to the fact it is a
company's way to protect again ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What are some of the weaknesses?
I believe the strength of Davilly and & Cotton was that they took the time to define and try to show the differences between Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. As well as defining what psychology debriefing entails.
Their weakness would be it was how to read, it did not flow easy for the readers and somewhat confusing. Also another weakness which was pointed
out by Mitchell was that they did not seem to do much deep research for other papers written on the topic.
5. How credible were the authors of each argument? Explain your answer.
Davilly & Cotton when to detail on what psychological debriefing was and how there are many different forms of it with: Critical Incident Stress
Debriefing and Critical Incident Stress Management. Also how these two really kind of play hand in hand and might be the same thing. Therefore it is
hard to tell the difference between the two. They tried to break down how these two systems work and the outcomes of such programs.
Mitchell was credible in from the first paragraph notes that "In 1983 I wrote the first article ever written on Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. . . "
(Halgin, 2009, p. 78). Uses the programs during an event rather than after.
6. Based on the statements presented in this critical issue, which author do you agree with? Why?
While both sides had concrete evidence supporting their claims; I think

An Evaluation Of An Effective Manager Is Responsible For...
A manager is responsible for the work of their people, inasmuch as a consistently underperforming employee relies on the direction and feedback of
an effective manager. Like it or not, the system of a performance cycle was put into place to force a manager to give feedback to their employees.
Every year, managers have an opportunity to assess and then reassess their employee's performance, and every year in kind, they fail to reach the
mark. There are two things a manager does, or fails to do, that contribute to the success and failure of a performance cycle: fail to give real time
feedback and midcourse correction when necessary and give honest feedback during the appraisal. By utilizing the steps of the Critical Incident Method
they can attempt to add value back into the system. Business Dictionary online defines the critical incident method as, "Situation analysis technique in
which actions or behavior of an employee (during, for example, a customer service event) is recorded and examined to ascertain the actual
requirements of a successful operation" (BusinessDictionary.com). By consistently doing these two things, recording and examining behavior, value
can be added back into the performance cycle.
Performance cycles, as the name implies, are annual reporting periods that have a beginning – the plan, a middle – the midterm, and an end – the
appraisal. Every manager is aware of the cycle, knows what is expected of them and yet they find themselves challenged when

Critical Incident Pressure Area Near Miss
Caroline Barber
S00155374 NSG 636
Critical Incident
Pressure Injuries in the Perioperative Environment. Critical Incident Essay 30%
Figure 1 from Walton–Greer, P. (2009). Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in the Surgical Patient. AORN Journal, 89(3), 538
–552.
MARKING CRITERIA
INTRODUCTION0–2
Some key information missing in introduction & conclusion. 3–5
Detailed and focused introduction & conclusion.6–8
Well developed introduction & conclusion.9–10
Very well developed & comprehensive introduction & conclusion.
BODY0–2
Description of event lacked some major detail. 3–5
Descriptions of event mostly clear, but some detail lacking.6–8
Clear description of event.9–10
Very clear and succinct description... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Schluter, 2007), "The CIT is a practical methodology that allows researchers to understand complexities of the nursing role and function, and the
interactions between nurses and other clinicians." (p113). This is expanded in definition by (McClure ND) who defined reflective practice learning
experience as follows, "To maximise learning through critical reflection we need to contextually locate ourselves within the experience and explore
available theory, knowledge and experience to understand the experience in different ways." (para 7).
A critical incident is an event that is usually remembered by the participant as important or used as a learning tool for the purpose of reflection. (Daly,
Speedman, & Jackson,. 2010).

The Australia Nursing & Midwifery Council (ANMC) states the following about critical thinking and analysis, "This relates to self – appraisal,
professional development, and the value of evidence and research for practice. Reflecting on practice, feelings and beliefs and the consequences of
these for individuals/groups is an important professional benchmark." (p.2). Also under the ANMC competencies nurses have a duty of care to their
patients to that complies within the current legislation governing nursing practice.
I am using the following incident analysis from (Services, 2009) which is heavily based on work by Crisp, Green Lister and

Swat
SWAT Standard
For
Law Enforcement Agencies
National Tactical Officers Association
Published September 2011
Dedicated to the memory of Sergeant Mark Renninger
End of watch: November 29, 2009
NTOA SWAT Standard
COPYRIGHT
NTOA SWATStandard
Copyright 2008, 2011
National Tactical Officers Association
Published September 2011
All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical or by any
information storage and retrieval system now known or hereafter invented, without prior written permission of the National Tactical Officers
Association (NTOA), with the following exception:
NTOA staff and training instructors are hereby given permission... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
41
Sample Memorandum of Understanding ............................................................. 45
CATO SWAT Glossary ............................................................................................ 48
© 2008, 2011, NTOA. All rights reserved.

3
NTOA SWAT Standard
NTOA MISSION STATEMENT
The mission of the National Tactical Officers Association is to enhance the performance and professional status of law enforcement personnel by
providing a credible and proven training resource, as well as a forum for the development of tactics and information exchange. The
Association's ultimate goal is to improve public safety and domestic security through training, education and tactical excellence. The National Tactical
Officers Association operates in accord with the principles of Veritas Probitas et Virtus (Truth, Honesty and Integrity).
.
© 2008, 2011, NTOA. All rights reserved.
4
NTOA SWAT Standard
STANDARD REVIEW COMMITTEE
Ed Allen .......................... Captain, Seminole County (FL) Sheriff's Office and NTOA Board Member
Blaze Cantania ................ Chief of Police (ret), Egg Harbor Township (NJ) Police Department
Thor Eells ........................ Commander, Colorado Springs (CO) Police Department and NTOA Board
Member
Gary Heath ..................... Officer, Houston Police Department and Texas Tactical Police Officers
Association
Ken McLaughlin .............. Chief of Police, Ocean View (DE) Police Department

Traumatic Stress In Law Enforcement Essay
"Prevention of traumatic stress in law enforcement personnel: A cursory look at the roles of peer support and critical incident stress management"
adequately explains how mental health professionals, with the help of trained paraprofessionals, use crisis intervention theory to provide mental health
support to law enforcement communities in order to reduce job–related stress and improve overall wellbeing. The following review will explain, how
mental health providers, through the use of peer supports, have been able to break through the rigid boundaries historically established between the law
enforcement and mental health communities. Crisis intervention techniques generated from crisis theory can help law enforcement officers' deal with
their reactions to a critical incident compounded with their constant exposure to gruesome scenes of human tragedies. Without mental health assistance,
law enforcement officers can reach debilitating stress levels that not only affect job–performance but can also impact other areas of their lives, such as,
their overall mental health, physical health, and their ability... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the fact that law enforcement officers deal with a great deal of stress, for fear of being labeled weak, troubled, or ineffective, officers generally
avoid seeking help. According to numerous research investigations noted in the article, training active–duty or retired law enforcement personnel to be
mental health paraprofessionals has been a successful way to reach out to officers in need of crisis intervention following a critical incident. By using a
paraprofessional that is already integrated into the law enforcement culture and providing them with some crisis intervention tools under the
supervision of a licensed mental health worker, law enforcement officers are provide with access to mental–health critical

Critical Incident Evaluation Essay
A critical incident is something that occurs, either obviously or negatively, that may motive a character to replicate on what has got here about and
maybe rethink the occasions. Critical Incident assessment can help to facilitate reflective exercise or reflective gaining understanding of by way of
permitting nurses to find out their feelings on a sure situation. Critical incident evaluation consists of specializing in an event, such as analyzing the
events surrounding it, the moves of these concerned, responses to the match and the consequences. The end result be a better appreciation of how
exercising may be advanced. Reflective practice is a way of studying your own experiences to improve the way you work. "Reflective practice is...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I determined how senior staffs changed the dressings, how they removed stitches and staples two and how they cleaned the surgical wound. And also I
observed exclusive kinds of dressing and cleansing options used and the distinct practices and protocols related to management of wounds. All through
my first month of posting one day I had been received 34 years historic man Mr. Hassan from Operation Theater who was carried out open
appendectomy. . When I received he conscious oriented, vitally stabled and dressing was once dry. Postoperatively advised NPO, IV fluid and
medications. Operation finding used to be infected unhealthy base partially ruptured appendices. Third post–operative day (POD) wound opened at
some stage in surgical spherical I have considered that while opened and closed the wound sterile approach no longer followed. The one who opened
the wound dressing wore unsterilized gloves and unsterile pad used to shut the wound. Before contacting the wound hand rubbing now not performed.
Fifth POD Mr. Hussein experienced immoderate grade fever, severe surgical site pain due to surgical i site infection (SSI). Next day wound dressing
opened pus discharges existing from wound, redress and induration current all over the wound. On call surgeon re–opened the wound and pack dressing

Critical Incident Debriefing: A Case Study
The difference between therapy and managing a critical incident is therapy is thought as emotional–charged interactions between a licensed therapist
and the client suffering from some psychological difficulties. Secondly, the client confides in the therapist for answers or solutions to their problems
and how to maintain and get back to equilibrium. "A critical incident occurs when a catastrophic event takes place, producing a highly stressful
situation or traumatic event, perceived as a life–changing or threatening event, which the client becomes overwhelmed and unable to cope" (Grand
Canyon University, 2015). The definition of a critical incident is a comprehensive integrated and systematic multitask crisis intervention approach,
occurring after a traumatic event. The persons involved... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next, the professional counselor shall be able to begin the process by design as a health professional to increase safety or prevent any serious harm
to others or the client. "The Mitchell model is a form of psychological debriefing training model which reinforces social support with individuals
emotionally healthy experiencing a traumatic or acute abnormal stress reaction to a traumatic event" (Healy, & Tyrrell, 2013, pg. 33). The team
counselor or CISM must be able to evaluate each request for assistance and determine the appropriate initial response level. Depending on specific
conditions and crisis management briefing, diffusing the situation with one–on–one interventions, debriefing, and demobilization helps determines
response levels. Equally important, counselors are trained to assist individuals on how to understand and cope with their stress and maintain recovery,
when a person is experiencing normal emotional reactions after a critical

Critical Incidents Of Academic Institutions
Critical Incidents in Academic Institutions The critical incident technique is used to gather and analyze an employees behavior through methods such
as observation and interviews (Andersson & Nilsson,1964). This technique is useful in collecting information regarding behavior that amounts to
successful or unsuccessful in a performance (Peterson, & Jeanneret, 2007). The procedures utilized in the critical incident technique allows for the
similarities, differences and patterns of behaviors to be analyzed. This process aids in the solving of problems, and establishing principles (Hughes,
Williamson, & Lloyd, 2007; Flanagan, 1954). According to Shapira–Lishchinsky (2010), utilizing critical incident reports in schools assist in enabling
the management of errors, support and autonomy, which in turn reduces ethical friction. In regard to the school setting, critical incidents include minor
incidents that occur daily in schools. Because of the nature of the job, middle school teachers can face critical incidents that involve both moral and
ethical conflict (Shapira–Lishchinsky, 2010). However, the classification or weather it is negative or positive is based on the meaning given by a
teacher, observer, etc. Nonetheless, critical incidents and behaviors are important to identify as it can be detrimental to a teachers professional career
(Shapira–Lishchinsky, 2010). One example of a positive critical incident for the middle school teacher is teachers who behavior demonstrates

Employee Teacher Reflection
Portfolio
It has now come to my understanding that as a trainee teacher, it is vital that I become a reflective practitioner when fostering the role of a teacher. In
support of this, Tripp (2012, p.12) adds that being reflective is an 'essential' part of the 'development of professional judgement'. He continues to state
that one must be able to examine and critique their teaching to build on their own professional values and ideas.
It is through this theory that as a trainee teacher, I must be able to examine my own critical incident from my school–based training placement (SBT1).
I will be employing Tripp's four approaches of analysis – Thinking Strategies, The Why? Challenge, Dilemma Identification and Personal Theory
Analysis (Tripp, 2012, pp. 43–54). However, before I start my analysis, it is important to identify what a critical incident is. Tripp (2012) states that
critical incidents are shaped by the way we look at a situation. He further adds that 'a critical incident is an interpretation of the significance of an event'
(p. 8).
The context of my incident took place in a year four class within the Borough of Barking and Dagenham. It consisted of me teaching a whole class
Literacy lesson where the majority of the pupils were considered or categorised as having English as an additional language.
Incident
My critical incident occurred in the last week of my placement. I was teaching a sequence of Literacy lessons to a class of 27 students. The objective
of the

Essay on Reflection on a Critical Incident
The reason for this essay is to reflect on a critical incident experience during my six week placement as a student nurse on an orthopedic ward. To
explore an event as a critical incident is a value judgment, and the basis of that judgment is the significance attached to the meaning of the incident.
Critical incidents are created or produced by the way we look at a situation. Tripp (1993)
The incident chosen has made an impact on me due to the fact the side effects of surgery can be very critical to a patient's life, as would be
demonstrated in the critical incident chosen (D.V.T).Deep vein thrombosis.
There are various reflective models written by various theorists and they include: Atkins and Murphy (1994), Stephenson (1993), ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"One may also reflect on practice while one is on the midst of it. This process involves both reflections in action and reflection in practice (Johns 2000).
Schon states that reflection in action consists of on the spot surfacing, criticizing, restructuring and testing of intuitive understanding of experience
phenomenon (Schon 1983) P.241.
"Reflective learning involves assessment and re–assessment of assumptions and critical reflective occurs whenever underlying premises are being
questioned".(Williams 2001) P.29.
In choosing Gibbs reflective model it would be illustrated in the six headings which guide me through my reflective process. These headings include:
(1.) Description – what happened?
(2.) Feelings – what were you feeling?
(3.) Evaluation – what was good or bad about the experience?
(4.) Analysis – what sense can be made of the situation?
(5.) Conclusion – what else could you have done?

(6.) Action plan – if the situation arises again what would you do?
Description:
This critical incident took place during my first six–week placement on the ward (Eleanor east). My rationale for this critical incident is because of the
impact it had on me. I did not know that the side effects of hip replacement surgery could result in DVT (deep vein thrombosis), which could be very
critical physically and mentally.
To protect patient confidentiality the

National Strategy For Homeland Security Essay
The National Strategy for Homeland Security is tasked with guiding, unifying, and organizing America's homeland security efforts. The National
Strategy seeks to protect the Americans, the country's infrastructure and major resources as well as prevent and thwart any terrorist attacks. It also
responds to and ensures recovery from incidents and strengthens the foundation for long–term success. Such involves developing a preparedness culture
among various partners across the country to make use of well–planned response, defensive approaches, and recovery measures.
However, terrorists are adapting to the current practices on terrorism response protocols and using new technologies and organizational capabilities and
structures in response to both international and domestic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, it is critical, to maintain a balance in emergency management planning as well as ensuring an implementation of all hazards approaches.
There is also a need to address risk management through strategic planning to create programs and capabilities regarding the homeland security
programs. Further, the National Strategy should incorporate operational planning to identify any threats and hazards and determine the risk–reduction
objectives.
The National Strategy for Homeland Security could benefit from information sharing in regard to terrorism response protocols. This would call for all
entities involved in counterterrorism to share information effectively and understand each other's contributions, responsibilities, and roles. It is also
critical for these agencies to update and establish new information sharing agreements to spur collaboration and coordination as well as formalize and
reaffirm the responsibilities and roles of partners in the information sharing

Critical Incident
INTRODUCTION
The reason for this essay is to reflect on a critical incident that took place during my three week placement as a student nurse at Foster ward in Ankaful
Psychiatric Hospital. The incident chosen is on language barrier in communication. This incident has made an impact on me due to the fact that effective
communication is key to patient health outcomes and language has influence on effective communication. . There are various reflective models written
by various theorists and they include: Atkins and Murphy (1993)
Stephen (1993)
Johns (1988)
Gibbs (1988)
For this critical incident the model I have chosen to use is Gibbs (1988) reflective model as a guide because it is more understandable and will reflects
more clearly on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was always aggressive and talking to himself. One morning whiles on duty. I saw him removing the bandage on the cellulites wound. I went to
him and made a sign that he should not remove it. He shouted at me in French. Though I did not understand him I guessed he was saying I should
leave him alone to do his own thing. I left him and called one of my friends who understand French to explain these words in French 'if you remove
the bandage, it will not help the wound to heal on time'. The Friend explained it to me and when a spoke the French, he (Mr. M.B) was happy.
Though he had already removed the bandage from the wound, he allowed me to apply a new dressing on the wound. Since that time he became my
friend and was always speaking to me in French thinking I understood him. I was dressing his wound every morning. The wound was almost healed
when I was leaving the ward. In the next section, i will discuss the feelings i experienced during this situation. FEELINGS I was very happy when I
went home that day because this patient has been on the ward for two weeks and according to the staff. He does not understand any Ghanaian language.
Although he understand little English, that is not enough to help him communicate effectively on the ward. He does not heed to instructions. And if I
have been able to make him obey my instructions, then it's commendable. On the other hand i felt sorry

Analysis Of Paulo Freire 's The Banking Concept Of Education
In the essay "The Banking Concept of Education," Paulo Freire Explains his view of the educational system. His essay is primarily based on two types
of educational methods, which are the "banking education" and the "problem–posing education". Banking education resists the communication
between the student and the teacher, and it does not encourage critical thinking. Problem–posing education gives the students liberation to dialogue and
encourages critical thinking. In this essay, I will explain why I promote the problem–posing education. Also, I will explain why people need to
experience both methods in their educational experiences. I prefer the problem–posing education because teachers allow communication and there is
an engagement with their students to help them learn effectively. One must experience banking education to realize that problem–posing education is a
better method to teach students. In banking education, the teacher 's roll is to teach and the student 's roll is to just listen. According to Freire, A
teacher who used a banking concept in their teachings, usually prepares "lessons in his[or her] study or his [or her] laboratory" and then "expounds to
his [or her] students about that object" (6). Friere writes that banking education "confuses the authority of knowledge with his or her own professional
authority, which she and her sets in opposition to the freedom of the students" (2). Banking education fails to give students an opportunity to express
their

A Critique Of The Administration Of Intravenous Medication...
The aim of this essay is to provide a critique of two articles. The first article is, "Errors in the administration of intravenous medications in hospital
and the role of correct procedures and nurse experience" conducted in Australia by Johanna Westbrook, Marilyn Rob, Amanda Woods and Dave Parry
published on the 20th of June 2011. The second article is "Understanding the causes of intravenous medication administration errors in hospitals: a
qualitative critical incident study", conducted in the United Kingdom by Richard N Keers Steven D Williams Jonathan Cooke Darren M Ashcroft
and published on the 13th of March 2015. In this critique the two articles will be analysed and there will be a comparison and contrast of the two. To
begin of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The critical incident technique is a reliable tool to gather data, which increases the internal validity of the study and making the results more
transferable (Andersson and Nilsson, 2006). The benefits of using a semi–structured interview is that it allows the researcher to gain focused
information from the participant, it also allows the provision of reliable comparable qualitative data as the participants are asked the same questions
(Resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk, 2017). In this study it was useful as it allowed the researchers to assess the causes of inter–venous medication
administration errors, allowing the study to achieve its aim, again increasing its measurement validity (Socialresearchmethods.net, 2017). The
disadvantages of this study design are that it doesn't provide a detailed understanding of a topic (Resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk, 2017). In comparison,
both studies have high measurement validity and each study design utilised has its own strengths and weaknesses as discussed. The 2011 study's
sample consisted of 107 nurses in two different hospitals in Australia. This is a small sample size decreasing its internal validity (Kukull and Ganguli,
2012), in addition 107 nurses in two hospitals limits the participants to those location decreasing the generalizability of the results as 107 nurses in two
hospitals is not an

Essay about Eye Witness Testimony
Eye Witness Testimony
The language used by the police when interviewing witnesses and barristers during a trial may influence answers given by witnesses, this language
may affect initial perception and subsequent recall. Both of these effects are shown in the study by Loftus & Palmer {1974).
My experiment into this field showed the leading question with the `verb` contained the information about what the answer should be, thus language
can have a distorting effect on EWT, which can lead to inaccurate accounts of the witnessed account. This was most certainly true in the study carried
out, most participants gave a higher estimation of speed when the word in the critical question was changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current serving police officers of today state they use The Cognitive Interview Technique when interviewing witnesses. With this approach thewitness
is asked to recall details of the incident in various different orders and to recall everything they remember whether they feel it is relevant or not, recall
the event from a different perspective, such as that of another witness. Before the nineties, questioning was done very much on `critical questioning
sometimes oppressive questioning which could produce unsafe information thus sometimes leading to false arrest and imprisonment, it was realised
from previous studies into this field things had to change. Today the police have different policies, interviews are based on single questions and open
replies and the technique changed on the advent of tape recorded interviews and change of style. Serving Police Officers have voiced only one
disadvantage of this type of interview in that it can be time consuming.
When starting an interview police go back to the time where the witness is relaxed and comfortable before the event and a picture is built up from
there, police are encouraged to avoid making judgmental and personal comments, to encourage witnesses to speak slowly, minimise distractions, tailor
the complexity of language to suit individual witnesses to allow a pause between the

The Importance Of Job Related Stress Among Police Officers
As a police commander or administrator, addressing the concerns of the officers in your employ, is one of the most important duties that you have.
This is especially true when addressing the issues of job related stress. Studies have shown that many police officers perceive the most stress, which
they experience, originates from within the department. The studies have also shown that job related stress is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease
in police officers (Vicini, 2013). With these thoughts in mind, it is imperative for police administrators to have a plan of action in place, to evaluate
and validate the concerns of the officers, and to provide the most effective practices to reduce this stress. As an administrator, who officers had confided
their concerns to, the first thing that I would need to do would be to evaluate the validity of the officers' claims about the stressors which they are
dealing with. The first step of this process would be to meet with the officers, in a one on one setting, so that I could evaluate their appearance, mood,
level of agitation, and their sincerity concerning the issues which they are bringing forward. This meeting would be a way of showing the officers that
I am truly concerned with heir issues, and their wellbeing. Once I have met with the officers, I would move to the next step of the evaluation. For me,
the next step in the evaluation process would be to meet with the complaining officer's direct supervisors and

Occupational Challenges And Stressors Faced By Paramedics
Emergency services, in particular the paramedic profession, are categorised amongst the most stressful occupations worldwide (Rybojad, Aftyka, Baran
& Rzonca, 2016). Recurrent exposure to emergency life threatening circumstances in concurrence with ongoing operational stressors can be physically,
mentally and emotionally tiring. Chronically, this will have detrimental effects upon paramedic's wellbeing and resilience and can result in reduced
professional capability (Clompus & Albarran, 2015). This essay will decipher the specific occupational challenges and stressors faced by paramedics. It
will describe various opportunities for maintaining optimal mental health with short term management. Additionally, ways of building long term
resilience to effect improvement of personal and professional proficiency will be explored.
Stress is an elusive concept of an internal retort to an external stimulus (ref). A certain level of stress is certainly required and beneficial in short term
use but when prolonged and in excessive amounts, it can cause stress reactions burnout and mental health issues such as, depression, anxiety, insomnia
and PTSD (ref). The job description of a paramedic is inclusive of a multitude of stressors; such as responding to highly stressful, life threatening
situations in compromising and complex situations. Quick appraisals of the situation need to be made in timely manner in order to administer
lifesaving aid prior to transport to higher medical facilities

Essay on Case Application: Appraising the Secretaries at...
1.Do you think that the experts' recommendations will be sufficient to get most of the administrators to fill out the rating forms properly? Why? Why
not? What additional actions (if any) do you think will be necessary?
I don't feel that the experts' recommendations will be sufficient to get most of the administrators to fill out the rating forms properly. The managers
would be pleased with the recommendation to rescind Mr. Winchester's forced ranking technique but would definitely challenge the idea of not tying
salary increases to appraisal forms because it's what they've always done and it is the only way they feel they can provide competitive wages for
secretaries. The issues of providing invalid feedback to each secretary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Selection for such opportunities can be tied to effective performance appraisals.
2.Do you think that Vice President Winchester would be better off dropping graphic rating forms, substituting instead one of the other techniques we
discussed in this chapter such as a ranking method? Why? Vice President Winchester would probably like to continue using the graphic rating in a
revised form that assesses the secretary's performance related to competencies essential for the position and relevant job duties or objectives. He
would probably change the format for future use. As I stated in my previous response implementing a more effective appraisal tool will take some
time. Per the recommendations made by the experts, I agree that salary increases should not be directly tied to the performance appraisal. The appraisal
should be a separate event from discussions of salary increases. Some companies have the HR department to approve merit recommendation prior to
any discussion between the administrator and his/her employee. This practice allows the organization to assign merit increases within established
budget constraints.
3.What performance appraisal system would you develop for the secretaries if you were Rob Winchester? Defend your answer.
I would develop an appraisal system utilizing the BARS technique. Although the BARS technique requires a great deal of time to develop but the end
result is well worth the effort. Some might

Columbine School Shooting Research Paper
Phillip Scullion
The Police Response to Critical Incidents
In Academic institutions
University of Mount Olive
09/24/2017
Abstract
In recent years educational institutions have been targeted by active shooters. The threat of an assailant entering an academic environment has
compelled law enforcement agencies and educational institutions to revise their tactical responses. The first paragraph consists of the Columbine school
shooting. The second paragraph will cover the safety programs schools have implemented to safeguard their students and staff. The third paragraph will
cover the tactics and fundamentals officers have received to limit the amount of casualties.
Two cites in first paragraph
http://www.history.com/this–day–in–history/columbine–high–school–massacre ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The assailant's intention is to assault as many individuals as possible with no hope of surviving. According to the New York City Police Department
report on active shooters, 46% of active shooters are stopped by law enforcement officials, or other bystanders, and 40% of the active shooters either
commit suicide or attempt suicide. (NYPD, 2011) Police departments nationwide are training their officers to confront the active shooters quickly and
as aggressively as possible. (Cain, 2010) Police departments have begun introducing various tactics in concealment, entering doorways, and working in
small groups to have a tactical advantage in eliminating the assailant. Police agencies have been working closely with their local schools to avoid
future massacres. Many police agencies have implemented various approaches to ensure their response times are sharp. Daviess County, Kentucky
Sherriff's office began offering a 2–day training program that demonstrates various entry and movement techniques when confronting an active shooter
(Cain, 2010) Many other agencies have introduced live–fire scenarios using artificial projectiles, and the use of ballistic shields. (Law Staff, 2008) As
school shootings can never be predicted it is imperative that the education institutions and law enforcement agencies are ready and vigilant at all times
to avoid other nationwide massacres.
Conclusion
School shootings

Critical Incident Manual and Protocol for Fire Management
Critical Incident Manual Protocol for Fire Management Contents TOC o "1–3" h z u HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376586" Introduction PAGEREF
_Toc332376586 h 3 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376587" Purpose PAGEREF _Toc332376587 h 3 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376588" Definitions
PAGEREF _Toc332376588 h 3 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376589" Critical Incident PAGEREF _Toc332376589 h 3 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376590"
Emergency PAGEREF _Toc332376590 h 4 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376591" Scope PAGEREF _Toc332376591 h 4 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376592"
Notification of a Critical Incident PAGEREF _Toc332376592 h 4 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376593" Direction and Coordination PAGEREF
_Toc332376593 h 5 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376594" Emergency Notification System (ENS) PAGEREF _Toc332376594 h 5 HYPERLINK l
"_Toc332376595" Declaring an Emergency PAGEREF _Toc332376595 h 5 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376596" During a Critical Incident/Emergency
PAGEREF _Toc332376596 h 6 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376597" Emergency Command Post PAGEREF _Toc332376597 h 7 HYPERLINK l
"_Toc332376598" Emergency Procedures Guide PAGEREF _Toc332376598 h 7 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376599" How to report an emergency
PAGEREF _Toc332376599 h 7 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376600" Building Evacuation PAGEREF _Toc332376600 h 8 HYPERLINK l
"_Toc332376601" Communication Guidelines PAGEREF _Toc332376601 h 9 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376602" Responsibilities of the Critical
Incident Response Team Members PAGEREF _Toc332376602 h 9 HYPERLINK l "_Toc332376603" Dean or the Designee

Unfair Discrimination and Tital Selection Process: A...
Unfair Discrimination and Total Selection Process
Nkomo # 38 Case: A Solution for Adverse Impact
The case study about the solution for adverse impact is about a federal government agency that had to deal with complaints from job applicants
regarding its selection procedure. The specialists in the agency did not pay attention to the discrimination of minorities and gender applicants in previous
recruitment process. Bob Santos who is a specialist in the staffing division of the agency knew it was time to evaluate the staffing process, after
attending a seminar on the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures. Bob Santos and a team of specialists decided to use the four fifths
rule to assess the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the pass rate for the gender section is 44.2.
African Americans: 62.5 / 77.7 = 0.8043758 = 80.4%. The pass rate which is 80.4% indicates that there is no evidence of adverse impact.
Hispanics: 55.0 / 77.7 = 0.70785 = 70.8 %. The pass rate of the Hispanics groups shows that there is evidence of adverse impact.
Females: 41.7 / 73.6 = 0.566576 = 56.7 %. The pass score of 56.7% shows that there is evidence of adverse impact: 62.5 / 77.7 = 0.8043758 = 80.4%.
The pass rate which is 80.4% indicates that there is no evidence of adverse impact.
According to the EOCC guidelines, adverse impact affected two different groups, the Hispanics and women. This means the groups are being
discriminated against in the selection process. The agency needs to address this issue before it is slammed with a discrimination lawsuit.
Calculating the total selection process: To get thecalculation of the total selection process, I calculated the total number of each group that passed the
test and interview. This number is now divided by the total number of applicants. The last step is to apply the four fifths rule.
African Americans: 5/36 = 0.13888 = 13.9 %; 4/5 Rule = 13.9 / 30.9 = 0.44983 = 45% This calculation shows the evidence of adverse impact.
Hispanics: 22/102 = 0.21568 = 21.6 %; 4/5 Rule = 21.6 / 30.9 = 0.69902 = 69.9 %. This calculation also shows that there is adverse impact.
Caucasians: 87/282 = 0.30851 = 30.9 %
Men:

Review Of Cybersecurity Risks Of Medical Device Software
REVIEW OF CYBERSECURITY RISKS OF MEDICAL DEVICE SOFTWARE
SURESH K. VELUPULA
FRANKLIN UNIVERSITY
COMP 650–R1WW, FALL 2014 Abstract
Nowadays, more and more medical devices are increasingly being converted or replaced from electro–mechanical devices to software–controlled
networked devices. Software for these medical devices would need to be kept to update to keep up with the security (worms and viruses) concerns and
governing regulations while not risking the health of the patient. In this paper the author analyzes the viewpoints and presents a review of the
paper: "Inside Risks: Controlling for Cybersecurity Risks of Medical Device Software" (Fu and Blum, 2013). Fu and Blum (2013) give their views on
the cybersecurity risks associated with the medical devices. Some of their key points are: a) medical devices depend on software for providing care
and services. b) Security risks could cause harm to the patient. c) Post–market surveillance of the medical device is required. d) Health data integrity
and availability of patient care are crucial as compared to hacking of medical devices. e) Provide incentives to user facilities to report security
vulnerabilities and security incidents. f) Manufacturers should consider cybersecurity during design phase of the medical device. g) Match the
underlying software life cycles with the lifecycle of the medical device. h) Standards and regulations to protect cybersecurity would need to be created
and enforced thoroughly. i) Provide

Discuss The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Competency...
2.2.7 METHODS OF COMPETENCY MAPPING Businesses use competency mapping to match the capabilities and talent of personnel with specific
job tasks and organizational needs. The technique involves conducting a job analysis to identify core skills and behaviors required to perform the role,
drafting a job description based on the key competencies and aligning resources to best fulfill competency needs. Having a competency map makes it
easier for firms to identify qualified candidates, assess performance, focus training efforts and enhance overall productivity. Common competency
mapping approaches include assessment center, critical incidents technique, interviewing, questionnaires and psychometric tests. пЃ¶Assessment
Center The assessment center methodology involves... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Provides a common understanding of scope and requirements of a specific role Provides a common, organization wide standard for career levels that
enable employees to move across business boundaries. Help teams and individuals align their behaviors with key organizational strategies For
Managers The competency mapping provides following advantages to the managers: Identify performance criteria to improve the accuracy and ease of
the selection process Easier communication of performance expectations Provide a clear foundation for dialogue to occur between the managers and
employees and performance, development and career–oriented issues For employees The employees in an organization get the following advantages
by competency mapping: Identify the behavioral standards of performance

Counselor Intervention Essay
Introduction I have selected for my topic helping the helpers Intervention. My reason for picking these topics is because as counselor / therapist we
hear a lot about the trauma, abuses and tragic that has happen to our client over time. A lot of what professional counselor hear is hard to process and
sometime it does affect our emotion and decision making when it come to our client which we sometime trying to protect from any more hurt or
trauma. I have been able to locate three journal articles which talk about the compassion and fatigue which often come with our jobs as counselor
/therapist. It is our responsibility to understand and know the signs of feeling burn out with our jobs. After reading the article about The World

Trauma And Secondary Trauma
Trauma is an experience copious amounts of people have encountered or will encounter within their lifetime. As many think about various traumatic
experiences, one may think solely of victims of the trauma. As we think of the victims of traumatic experience, it is easy for the general public
population to overlook the professionals who respond to traumatic incidents such as natural disasters, accidents, and intentional acts of harm or terror
are not always brought to mind. According to the Wisconsin EMS Association statistics provided on their website, during the year 2011, Emergency
Medical Services (EMS) reported to 598,416 emergency calls. Just in the state of Wisconsin, EMS workers as a whole were exposed to thousands of
potentially traumatizing incidences. Exploring the impacts of trauma and different treatments for workers who are impacted through their job of saving
lives and responding to often devastating situations is essential to maintain a healthy mental health state.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another treatment includes eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In Luber (2015), the article explains the benefits of using
EMDR as a technique to treat first responders. This paper pursues to explore trauma and secondary trauma, how secondary trauma can impact
first–responders, how first–responders cope with trauma, different treatment plans for those who have encountered traumatic experiences, the
importance of personal care for responders after a traumatic incident, and to explore the importance of CISM in the treatment of those who work as
first responders and are consistently exposed to trauma and secondary

A Business Continuity Plan For Sunshine Machine Works
Week 6 You Decide Transcript– Sunshine Machine Works
In this day and age, a business continuity plan is essential to an organizations risk management. A large organization like Sunshine Machine Works
understand that time is critical when it comes to natural disasters or man made interruptions to their network systems. When a system is offline for
excessive amounts of time, could mean a loss to the organization. That's why having an effective business continuity plan is vital to keeping operations
for being disturbed during a time of crisis whether it is an attack or natural disaster that could potentially affect Sunshine Machine Works operations,
data and networks.
The business continuity plan for Sunshine Machine works must be designed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When taking a look deep into an organization's different departmental operation, it becomes clear how to plan to protect the most data and also which
areas is more operation critical. While preventing interruption is the most important aspect of this plan, no one can predict the weather or any other
attack. As part of the steps to implement the business continuity plan, Sunshine Machine Works will need to document arisk management plan, business
impact analysis, incident response plan, plan activation, incident response team, communications, contact list and recovery plan section. Once all has
been documented, the organization will need to test, evaluate and update schedule.
Risk Management Plan
The risk management plan defines what activities within the organization are critical to operations. During this stage of planning, Wilma Stone, Margie
Nelson, Gary Thomas and other Sunshine Machine Works Management personnel will need to determine how much of a risk the organization is
exposed to and create a plan to minimize the amount of damage the exposure could have. Other stages of the risk management planning process will
include the likeliness of the risk happening, what the consequences will be, and which risk are considered priority.
Determining the level of risk should be broken down into 4 categories: low, medium, high or very high. A consequences scale should also be created.
Different levels of risk bring on different level of consequences.

Crisis Intervention: Life-Threatening Incidents
Crisis Intervention: Crisis situations are usually sudden, unexpected, life–threatening time–restricted incidents that may overpower a person's ability to
react adaptively. During these critical incidents, the extreme events may contribute to individual crises, traumatic stress, and even Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder. Generally, a crisis can be described as an incident that occurs when people are confronted with issues or problems that cannot be solved. The
irresolvable incidents contribute to an increase in anxiety, tension, inability to operate for extended periods, and a successive state of emotional unrest.
In the past few years, there have been various major events that have impacted the development and growth of crisis... Show more content on
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Some of the initial crisis intervention strategies were based on immediacy, proximity, expectancy, and brevity. These strategies were adopted to achieve
four major goals i.e. stabilization, mitigation, and restoration. Stabilization focuses on stopping escalating suffering while mitigation is lessening acute
signs or symptoms, and restoration is promoting adaptive autonomous functioning or facilitating access to high degree of care. Since the 1900s, the
field of crisis intervention has developed concepts and practices that focus on civilian populations and individuals exposed to harmful situations such as
the military. Moreover, disastermental health that targets first responders is a field of practice that has developed during the same period. The
development of this field of crisis intervention that targets first responders was influenced by various factors i.e. the realization of occupational risk
these individuals are exposed to, emergence of critical incident stress management, and the increase in global terrorism (Castellano & Plionis, 2006,
p.327).
An Event that has Led to Development of Crisis Intervention: Based on the historical perspective of crisis intervention, the strategies have constantly
evolved through various critical incidents that have happened from time to time. An example of a major event that

Breastfeeding Critical Incident Essay
This essay explains, reflects and analyses a critical incident which occurred on a postnatal ward during my first clinical placement as a student
midwife. The incident relates to breastfeeding practices on the ward and is classed as critical because it triggered an instinctual response in me which
made me feel it was not right or helpful. My response and feelings at the time were not grounded in theoretical knowledge but rather an instinctual
feeling. As a result of this instinctual feeling, the incident was explored. This exploration opened up a flood gate of information regarding what could
be learned from this incident and ways to improve practice. What was learnt from this incident will be discussed with the use of... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Ellen, Harry and her husband went home that day with enough supply–line equipment to last two weeks. I was confused as to how a supply–line
provided Ellen and Harry with breastfeeding independence. It was not until I spoke to the Antenatal educator and a casual midwife did I realise why I
had uneasy feelings about what we had done to (not for) Ellen. The antenatal educator highlighted to me that the postnatal ward is not baby friendly
and not to participate in the breastfeeding practices they promote. She encouraged me to allow extended skin–to–skin time and use a hands–off
approach. A casual midwife further validated and labelled my bad feelings when she mentioned that she has never seen so many mothers with
breastfeeding troubles then at our hospital and if we were a baby friendly hospital we would not be able to practice the way that we do. She also
stated that in all her years as a midwife in the Northern territory she had not seen a baby that 'couldn't' suck. These two women verbalised what I could
not, and made me realise that we had done the wrong thing and that there is a better way to assist women to breastfeed then constant hurried
intervention. What follows is a critical reflection and analysis on what could have been done better in regards to this incident and in the future for
women who experience

Creating An Emergency Response Plan
Creating an emergency response plan is very important in any business. There are different plans for medical, fire, police, and school. The following
plans are imperative in any environment. There are many things that will happen and Incident Command System (ICS) will help to provide the
responders with an effective system that works. But before we go into the structures, an understanding of an incident command system needs to be
addressed. According to OSHA, n.d., "ICS is a standardized on–scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow responders to adopt
an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by
jurisdictional boundaries". ICS is a sub–model of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), as released by the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security in 2004."
An incident command system is referenced to an adaptable, scalable response association which provides a general agenda where people can work
side by side efficiently. These people may come from many different agencies that do not normally work together, and an incident command system is
intended to give regular response and operation procedures to decrease the troubles and possibility for miscommunication on such incidents. ICS has
been summed up as a "first–on–scene" structure, where the first responder is in charge until the situation has been cleared up, a more experienced
responder reaches your

The Service Marketing Mix Should Now
In today's world, the service sector dominates the different economies of developed and developing nations. Services require different management
activities, "it differs a lot from the marketing of goods" (Berry, 1980). Indeed, services are considered as intangible, variable and perishable
(marketingteacher.com). Thus, we can say that the traditional 4 p's are not sufficient anymore. Indeed, the service marketing mix should now include
three other elements, which are the physical evidence, the people and finally, the service process (learnmarketing.net). In addition, we can say that the
marketing of goods is not as critical as the management of services quality, which occurs through the monitoring of customer satisfaction. In contrary to
the marketing of goods which is more focused on the physical product component, services require a certain customer loyalty, this implying having
good service marketing skills.
In this essay, a general framework on the applicability of the theatre metaphor to the services will be discussed. Key concepts and also the
underpinnings of the drama metaphor will be presented. To do so, models acquired in class will be used, as well as relevant references from textbook.
I)Value ofservices marketing:
In today's world, almost all the companies operate in markets, which are considered by an excess of supply. Thus, if a customer were not satisfied by
a specific service provided by a company, he would probably move to find another company, which

Steps for Conducting a Postmortem
Conducting Post–Mortem The following are the steps taken for conducting an incident post mortem; first, is to get a clear picture of the state of
affairs. It is critical to analyze network maps, talk to the key witnesses of the disaster, learning the occurrences from the data available from the
weather department in a bid to collect evidence. At this stage getting every log available is useful, thereby casting a wide net in order to capture the
details of the occurrences including the causes. This includes getting information from all the relevant organizations involved in weather forecasting. In
addition to this the availability of imaging will be helpful as part of the information on the incident. In the same line collecting data from other sources
such as the internet including logs are also fundamental in establishing a complete scenario of the causes, happenings and aftermath of the disaster.
Second, it is important to gather a set of incident hypotheses. A quality hypothesis is critical. This is a hypothesis that can be disapproved or approved,
supported or nullified by the available information. The hypothesis set the tone of the feedback to senior government officials on the performance of
various response teams during the event. Third, conducting an interview with all the response teams will be helpful in gathering detailed information
about what happened as well as the participation of each team. This requires thorough preparation of timeline of the event.

The Hr Manager Of A Company
If I were the HR manager of a company the three job analysis approaches I will conduct for a customer service position are Identifying the Functional
Analysis , Position Analysis Questionnaire , and Critical Incident Technique . Functional Job Analysis is a standard process that can be used to
appraise various jobs. One can use this method by "creating task statements and then rates each task statements on its orientation and level with regard
to data, people and things. Orientation is deliberated by assigning 100 perecent points across three functional areas to point to how much of each is
involved in the task .Level of each measurement that can be high or low is the level of difficulty with which a person engages in each role"(... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pros of PAQ is that it has been endorsed and is deemed valuable in research, practice, and extensive assortments of applications. It has been used
in a variety of personnel functions including compensation and training, its predominantly useful in determining the capability and qualities necessary
to perform the job. The cons of PAQ is that many objects are irrelevant, a great portion of items are unsuitable for managerial and professional jobs as
it engages only use of machines and equipment. The PAG method can also be somewhat complex to use. The Critical Incident Technique The critical
incidents technique can be defined as a set of procedures for methodically identifying behaviors that add to the success or failure of individuals or
organizations in specific situations. The pros of the critical incident technique is that its best at determining vital features of the job, another advantage
is that It's flexible and the information can easily be collected, the respondent speaks without restraint, and it focuses on day to day actions. In addition,
it's not expensive and will aid in finding out a lot of significant information. This technique can be applied by only using the questionnaire , conducting
an interview is not necessary. The cons of this method is propensity to trait events in the job to the character of the person, misunderstanding between
the personality and behaviors which depend on the phrasing and the language of the

Workplace Violence
A major component of any workplace violence program is prevention. Program development and union involvement, are important parts of a workplace
violence prevention program in government. There are specific measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of violent behavior.
The first question many people ask when starting to develop a workplace violence prevention program is, "how can we identify potentially violent
individuals?" It is understandable that people want to know this –– and that "early warning signs" and "profiles" of potentially violent employees are in
much of the literature on the subject of workplace violence. It would save time and solve problems if managers could figure out ahead of time what
behaviors and personality ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same approaches that create a healthy, productive workplace can also help prevent potentially violent situations. It is important that supervisory
training include basic leadership skills such as setting clear standards, addressing employee problems promptly, and using the probationary period,
performance counseling, discipline, and other management tools conscientiously. These interventions can keep difficult situations from turning into
major problems. Supervisors don't need to be experts on violent behavior; what is needed is a willingness to seek advice from the experts.
Pre–employment screening is an important part of workplace violence prevention. Prior to hiring an employee, the agency should check with its
servicing personnel office and legal office, if necessary, to determine what pre–employment screening techniques (such as interview questions,
background and reference checks, and drug testing) are appropriate for the position under consideration and are consistent with Federal laws and
regulations.
Maintaining a physically safe work place is part of any good prevention program. Agency facilities use a variety of security measures to help ensure
safety. These include:
В·Employee photo identification badges;
В·On–site guard services and/ or individually coded card keys for access to buildings and areas within buildings according to individual needs;

How Would You Describe Mcdonald's Business Strategy?
1. Answer the questions for the case "integrating McDonald 's Business, Human Resource, and Staffing Strategies" page 49, Chapter 2. [ 15 Marks]
Questions 1: How would you describe McDonald 's business strategy? What are the foundations of its competitive advantage?
Answer: McDonald's business strategy is a specialization strategy. The organization is built on a foundation that gives it a competitive advantage and a
business strategy that is consistent, flexible, and specialized. McDonald's niche market is people. According to the case study, people are the
company's most important asset and its success depends on the satisfaction of its customers which begins with workers who have the attitudes and
abilities required to work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The dimensions along which a firm can differentiate include the image of the firm's product, product durability, quality, safety and usability.
Organizations pursuing this type of business strategy try to develop a competitive advantage based on product innovation. The strategy requires
employees to continually develop new products and services to create an organization's advantage in the market. These companies create and maintain
an environment that encourages employees to bring new ideas into the company. III. Specialization Strategy
A specialization strategy focuses on a narrow market segment or niche and pursuing either a differentiation or cost leadership strategy in that market
segment according to Jean Phillip and Stanley Gully. To be successful, businesses following a specialization strategy are required to know their market
segment very well, and often enjoy a high degree of customer loyalty. The company can be successful using this strategy if it results in either lower
costs than competitors serving the same niche or an ability to offer customers something that other competitors cannot. Firms pursuing a specialization
strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage based on customer intimacy and try to deliver unique and customizable products or services to
meet their customer's needs and increase their

Critical Reflective Report
My first essay is entitled A Significant Incident with a Child with Presumed Oppositional Defiance Disorder (ODD) Drawing Upon the Critical
Reflection Techniques and Other Learning Theories and my second essay is titled In Failing to Answer a Pupil Question Relating to History Subject
Knowledge, How Can I Ensure Sufficient Subject knowledge in Relation to the Teachers' Standards, Pedagogy and Professionalism?
My first essay topic was chosen because it was an incident with a child with presumed ODD which I consider significant because I kept recalling the
incident afterwards, I wasn't able to resolve the issue myself and the circumstances surrounding it played on my mind. In addition, I am interested in
learning the best ways to work with mainstream

Essay on Research Methodology
3. Methodology: 3.1 Introduction: The study for this thesis will be exploratory research using secondary data collected by the communication agency,
MESH Planning. The agency developed an innovative approach called 'real–time experience tracking', which involves three stages of data collection.
And both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected and used in this context in order to get an insight of critical incidents. This section will
start with a comparison of three possible methodologies for data collection: ethnography, survey (or interview) and real time experience tracking. And
then sampling and data collection methods will be examined followed by a description of data analysis. 3.2 Research approach selection:... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are much cheaper than ethnography with a greater effectiveness, however, all of these interviews or surveys were based on the retrospective
data, respondents answered the questions by their memory and the issue may happened for a long time. There could be a great influence on the quality
of data since the ability of respondent to recall information differed from one to another and some incorrect information often occurred (Baker, 2003).
The third approach considered in this study is the real–time experience tracking developed by MESH planning. This is an approach to record
360–degree touchpoints of brand by respondents in real time. There are three stages of data collection. The first stage uses the pre–online questionnaire
to collect information about brand health and relationship quality. The third stage uses the same questions to ask respondents' perception after brand
encounters in order to identify any change. While the second stage for data collection is the most crucial process in the approach. Respondents are
asked to send SMS message to report any brand encounter via mobile phones. And the online diary also helped to expand these experiences (Willis et
al 2010). Meanwhile, for identifying the CIs, weekly questionnaire will be sent to respondents about the CIs happened in the past week. The approach
offers a holistic view to track customer experience as well as identifying critical incidences. The real–time tracking approach enabled to identify a

Performance Evaluation Paper
Performance evaluations are a very important part of a business organization and places promotion and retain ability in the hands of the worker.
According to Robbins and Judge," Evaluations provide input into important decisions such as promotions, transfers, and terminations. Evaluations also
identify training and development issues."(pg.595 2009). There are several different theories and ways to conduct performance evaluations such as
behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS), critical incidents, graphic rating scales, Forced comparison, group order rankings and individual ranking.
Each of these systems can be used on their own for ranking employee performance but some organizations use a combination of systems. Critical
incidents,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a measuring that is not an exact measuring tool and is relative. It is based on comparing group to group or individual to individual. Individual
ranking according to Robbins and Judge," an evaluation method that ranks–orders employees from best to worst."(pg.599 2009). This is evident in the
EPR system as there are quotas on the ranking system and how many people can achieve each rating and in turn is a forced comparison and also group
comparison as each rank is split into a group. This system has gone through many changes and continues to change based on necessity. No one
evaluation system is better than the other and that is why I believe they use the current system as it employs multiple systems for the annual
evaluations. From scripture 2 Corinthians 8:10–11," And here is my judgment about what is best for you in this matter. Last year you were the first not
only to give but also to have the desire to do so. Now finish the work, so that your eager willingness to do it may be matched by your completion of
it, according to your means."(1984). Working is a rewarding system, completing your work and accomplishment of the task is a reward in itself.
Personally I receive satisfaction from completing a project that I started and do not like leaving a task open. Every person should be proud of the work
they do and put everything they have into

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