The document outlines the key concepts and vocabulary terms to be studied across four sections on astronomy. Section 1 covers modern constellations, circumpolar constellations, and the relationship between star color and temperature. Section 2 discusses the layers of the Sun, sunspots, prominences, flares, coronal mass ejections, and characteristics of our Sun. Section 3 defines the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and examines star lifecycles including energy generation, black holes, fusion, supernovae, and the evolution of high-mass and low-mass stars. Section 4 defines galaxies and describes characteristics of the Milky Way Galaxy.

1. Chapter 13 Study Guide
Section1
 All vocabulary
 Modernconstellations: number,Polaris
 CircumpolarConstellations: whatare they,examples,whenvisible
 How colorrelatestotemperature inastar
Section2
 The three layersandcharacteristicsof each one
 Sunspots: whodiscovered,howearthrotates,characteristics
 ProminencesandFlares: description
 CMEs: whatare they,howtheyaffectearth
 Our Sunis average: howlongit takeslighttoreach us,how is itunusual, closeststarsystemto
sun
 All vocabulary
Section3
 H-R Diagram: describe
 All Vocabulary
 90% of stars are whatkindof stars?
 How isenergygenerated?
 What isa blackhole?
 How doesa star begin?
 How isfusionable tohappen?
 How isa supernovaproduced?
 Whendoesfusionbeginina star’s life?
 Where doesfusionoccurinstars?
 What makesa star turn intoa red supergiantinsteadof justaredgiant?
 Knowthe chart that showsthe life of a star, bothhighmass andlow mass.
 Whendoescarbon begintoformin a giant’score?
 Whendoes a star lose itsmainsequence status?
 What makesa star a “highmass”star? Isthere a specificsize?
 What causesa star toturn intoa neutronstaror a blackhole?
 Knowdetailsaboutthe evolutionof alow massstar anda low massstar!
Section4
 Galaxy: definition,typesof
 MilkyWay Galaxy: characteristics(readthe fourparagraphson p. 387)