Mandel and genetic

1. By jawher Ali
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

2. Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884)
The father of
Genetics
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

3. Austrian monk
Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants
Develop the laws of inheritance
Mendel’s work was not recognize until the
20th century
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

4. Gregor johann Mendel
Between 1856 and
1863,Mendel
cultivated and tested
thousands of pea plant
He discovered how
heredity works-how
organisms transfer their
traits to the offspring.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

5. Particular inheritence
Mendel stated that
physical traits are
inherited as “particles”
Mendel did not know
that the “particles” were
actually chromosomes-DNA!
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

6. Why peas, pisum sativum?
Why peas?
 produce lots of offspring
 Grow quickly
 Can be grown in a small area
 Can be artificially cross-pollinated
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

7. Mendel and his peas
• Mendel tested 7 traits:
1.Flower colour
2.Flower position
3.Seed color
4.Seed shape
5.Pad shape
6.Pod color
7.Plant height
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

8. Mendel and his peas
• He crossed a purple (pp) flowered plant
with a white (pp) flowered plant.
(parent Generation)
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

9. Yes, copy the picture.
• The first
generation (F1) of
plant all had
purple flowers.
• Where did the white color
go??
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

10. • Mendel crossed his first
generation (F1XF1)
PURPLE flowered plants
Together.
• In second
generation (F2) he had
3 purple flowered
plants, and 1 white
Flowered plant.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

11. 8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

12. Mendel and his peas
• Mendel noticed in the first generation, all of the
white flowers seemed to disappear
• He called this a recessive trait.
• The white color faded away,
and was not expressed physically.
• But - it showed up in the next generation!
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

13. The purple that
overpowered the
recessive color was named
the dominant trait.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

14. Mendel and his peas
• Mendel found that each plant
carried two sets of instruction
for each characteristic(one from
the “mom” and one from “dad”).
• These sets of instruction are called
alleles. (remember the “Genetics
notes?”)
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

15. vocabulary
- Heredity- the passing of traits from
parent to offspring.
- Homozygous - both alleles are identical.
also knows as True-breeding. Ex: PP or pp
- Heterozygous – each allele is different.
also know as hybrids. EX: Pp
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

16. vocabulary
• P generation – the parent generation.
• First- generation or F1- the very first set of
offspring from two parents
• Second-generation or F2 – the offspring of
The kids from the F1 generation(grandkids)
• dominant trait- represented with a capital
letter, it overpowers the recessive trait.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

17. vocabulary
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

18. Mendel’s Investigations
Mendel’s laws
1. Law of segregation
a. It state that there are two factors controlling
a given characteristic, one of which dominates
the other
b. These factors separate and go to different gametes
when a parent reproduces.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

19. Mendel’s Investigations
2. Law of independent assortment
a. It states that factors controlling different
characteristic are inherited independently of
each other.
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali

20. that’s All
Thank you
By jawher Ali
8/1/2023 by jawher Ali