Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian monk who is considered the founder of genetics. He conducted breeding experiments with pea plants between 1856 to 1863 in his monastery's garden, which demonstrated that traits are passed down in a predictable manner from parents to offspring. Mendel presented his findings on hybridization and inheritance to the Natural History Society of Brünn in 1865, introducing the concept of dominant and recessive traits. His work laid the foundation for modern genetics but was not widely recognized until the early 20th century.

1. Gregor John Mendel (1822-1884)
Presented by
Shalini.p
reg no: 17/48
MPKV ,Rahuri

2. Mendel was born in Morovia near Brunn in Austria on july
20th 1822.
He joined St. Augustinian monastery at Brunn in 1843 and
became priest in 1847.
He went to Venna University in 1851 and studied
mathematics, physics and physiology.
He started collection of pea seeds in 1857 from all over
the Europe .

3. He did continuous experiment for 7 years .
He presented his findings in front of Natural History Of Society Of
Brunn under the title of Experiment in plant hybridization in German
language on 8th feb and 8th march of 1865.
He also worked on Honeybee and Hawkweed .
He died in 1884 at age of 62 years.

4. Pea as a experimental material
Very easy to cultivate and grow.
More than one generation of pea can be grown in one
year.
Flowers are self pollinated.
Flowers are yellow and allow easy emasculation .
The hybrids obtained are fully fertile.
Show contrasting characters .

5. Characters studied
Characters Dominant form Recessive form
1. seed shape round wrinkle
2. seed coat colour grey white
3. cotyledon colour yellow green
4. pod colour green yellow
5. pod shape full constricted
6. position of flower axil terminal
7. height tall dwarf

6. Highlight of Mendel paper
complete fusion of male and female and equal
contribution to develop character in progeny .
Existence of factor ie, gene
He made clear difference between appearance and genetic
make up.
He introduced the concept of dominance and recessive

7. Reason for Mendel success.
Accurate and incisive analysis of reason for failure of
earlier worker.
He studied one pair of contrasting characters at a time .
He kept accurate records in each category for every
generation .
His knowledge of mathematic helps him to find ratio.
His selected varieties showed contrasting character.

8. Reason for neglect of Mendel findings
Mendel used the mathematical principle of probability and
distribution to explain biological phenomena .
Mendel also studied on Hieraceum (facultative apomixic )
and honey bee (haploid male)
Mendel studied characters showing linkage are pod shape
and stem length.

9. Thank you