Exam on solar system, matter, Earth, living things,

1. 1
Departament Física i Química131209
SCIENCE: The Solar System
1. (1 mark) The relative distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2. What does this
quantity mean?
What is the distance, in km, from the Sun to Jupiter? The distance from the Sun to
the Earth is 150.000.000 km.
2. (1,5 mark) In this graph is represented on vertical axis the speed of planets in its
motion around the Sun in meters per second, m/s, and on horizontal axis the relative
distance to the Sun.
a. How does the speed of planet change when the distance to the Sun
increases?
b. What is the fastest planet?
c. What is the orbital speed of Saturn?
d. What is the relative distance from the Sun to Saturn? (approximately).
3. (1 mark) Name the hotter planets and name the colder planets. Try to explain why it
happens.
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Relative
Distance
to
the
Sun
Speed
of
planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

2. 2
4. (2 mark) How are the seasons created? Explain making a draw to illustrate your
explanation.
Make a draw showing the following elements
5. (1 mark) How does daytime and nitghttime occur on planets?
6. (1 mark) Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and
the Moon, when is New Moon.
Sun
Earth
Rotation Earth axis
Earth’s orbital path and direction
Spring, summer, autumn, winter
For all position, daytime and nighttime

3. 3
7. (1 mark) What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position
of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon.
8. (1,5 mark) Explain how can you see any object, for example the blackboard, from
any position in class. Make a draw and represent in it all the elements that you need
to see anything. What type of reflection produces the blackboard?
9. (0,5 mark) How is umbra and penumbra produced? Make a draw.

4. 4
Worksheet 2
Name: ; date
Questions
1. How many planets are in the Solar System? Name them.
2. Is the Sun a planet? Explain it.
3. What is a Moon? Represent, drawing them, the Sun, a Planet and a Moon. How are
they moving?
4. Which are the motions of the Planets?
5. Explain what is an Orbital period. What is the Jupiter’s orbital period?
6. Explain what a Rotation period. How many days is Mars’ rotation period?

5. 5
7. Represent the Sun and planets, with their names, and draw their orbits.

6. 6
8. The Sun and planets are huge balls, what is the diameter of those balls? Help you
drawing a ball and represent its diameter.
9. Which planet has the bigger diameter?
10. What do you understand when we say that the relative diameter of a planet to the
Earth is 2? And its relative diameter was 0,38 on the Earth
11.

7. 7
Worksheet 3:
1. How far away is the Sun from the Earth?
2. What is the hottest planet in the Solar System?
3. How many stars are in the Solar System?
4. Name all the planets that have rings.
5. What is the coldest planet in the Solar System?
6. Name all the planets and Moons people have walked on.
7. Why are there daytime and nighttime on planets? Draw the Sun and a planet and
represent on it where is daytime and where is nigh time.
8. What are the seasons? How are the seasons created?

8. 8
9. Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the
Moon, when is New Moon.
10. What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position of the
Sun, the Earth and the Moon.
11. How long does it take light from the Sun to reach Venus? The speed of light is
300000 km/s and the distance from the Sun to Venus is 109000000 km.

9. 9
HOW TO CONVERT UNITS
23 km; 23000 m: Are these lengths equals?
You know that the answer is YES. All we need is to know that:
1km = 1000 m.
As you know, it is possible to write this identity as a fraction:
! !"
!""" !
𝑜𝑟
!""" !
!!"
The question is: which of these two last Conversion Factor do we need to
convert “km” to “m”?
We need the expression that can cancel “km” and leave “m” above. As we
show:
23 𝑘𝑚 =
!" !"
!
;
→
23 𝑘𝑚
1
·
1000 𝑚
1𝑘𝑚
= 23000 𝑚
Example 1: The distance from Maó to Sant Lluís is 3325 m. Write this
distance in km.
Solution:
3325 𝑚 =
!!"# !
!
; à
!!"# !
!
·
! !"
!""" !
=
!!"#·! !"
!·!"""
= 3,325 𝑘𝑚
Remember what you have learned in Mathematics:
!
!
·
!
!
=
! · !
! . !
=
!"
!"
Are they the same person?
We call this expression
“CONVERSION FACTOR”
Conversion Factor

10. 10
Exercise 1: Write the Conversion Factor associated to this identity:
• 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) = 150.000.000 km à
• 1 meter (m) = 100 cm à
• 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds à
• 1 hour = 60 minutes à
• 1 day = 24 hours à
• 1 year = 365 days à
• 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) à
Exercise 2:
• 55 min à seconds
• 4,3 hours à minutes
• 31 days à hours
• 2,4 years à days
• 492 second à minute
• 200 day à years
• 7284-gram à kg.
Exercise 3: The distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2 AU. Convert this
distance to km.

11. 11
THE AVERAGE SPEED
Speed is a property of moving bodies.
The average speed of an object is the distance travelled by the object
divided by total time from start to finish. We write this concept using an
equation that relates, speed “v”, distance “d” and time “t”.
𝒗 =
𝒅
𝒕
Example 2: Matthias is walking along the corridor and travels 50 m in 45
seconds. Find his average speed.
Solution:
• Distance, d = 50 m
• Time, t = 45 s
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
We solve the equation for “v”: 𝑣 =
!
!
=
!" !
!" !
= 1,1 𝑚/𝑠 à v=1,1 m/s.
It is possible to find the distance that Matthias has travelled if you know the
speed and time previously.
Example 3: Matthias’ average speed is 1,1 m/s when he is moving along
corridor and takes 45 s to move from the Physics lab to the library. What is
the length Matthias has travelled?
Solution:
• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚
𝑠 =
!,! !
!
= 1,1
!
!
• Time, t = 45 s
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
Now we want to know the distance from the physic lab to the library. We
need to find “d” from our equation:
𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡
Then; 𝑑 = 1,1
!
!
· 45 𝑠 = 50 𝑚 à d=50 m.
Remember what you have learned in Mathematics:
!"
!
= 12 ; à 24=12 · 2

12. 12
Also it’s possible to find the time “t” that Matthias takes from the lab to the
library if we know its speed and the distance from lab to library.
Example 4: Matthias is walking at 1,1 m/s. How long does it takes
Matthias to move along 50 meters?
Solution:
• Distance, d= 50 m
• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚
𝑠 =
!,! !
!
= 1,1
!
!
• Time, “t”
• Equation, 𝑣 =
!
!
If we solve the equation for time “t” à 𝑡 =
!
!
𝑡 =
!
!
=
!" !
!,! !
!
= 45𝑠
Exercise 4: We have seen the equations: 𝑣 =
!
!
; 𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡; 𝑡 =
!
!
Are they three different equations?
Are they the same equation written in different ways?
Exercise 5: The distance from Maó to Ciutadella is 45 km. Find the
average speed of our car if it takes 36 minutes in this trip. Write the answer
in km/min and km/h.
Exercise 6: The faster snail moves at 1,3 cm/s. How long does it take the
snail to move 1 m?
Exercise 7: The fastest possible speed is the speed of light in a vacuum, v
= c= 300.000 km/s. If the light takes 8,2 minutes from the Sun to reach the
Earth,
a. How many seconds are 8,2 minutes?
b. What is the distance from the Sun to the Earth in km?

13. 13
Name and surname:
Exercises
1. Convert units:
a. 2,34 km à m
b. 200 days à years
c. 19,1 AU à km
d. 72 km/h à km/s and then: convert to à m/s.
2. An athlete runs 100 m in 12 seconds. Find its average speed.
3. The speed of light in a vacuum is 300.000 km/s. How long does it take
the light from the Sun to Uranus? The distance from the Sun to Uranus
is 19,1 AU.

14. 14
Exam: Matter 140324
1. (1) From the drawing, identify the state of the substances and their
formula.
2. (1) Classify the systems represented below. For each one:
• Is there only one substance?
• Which are their states?
• Is there any solution? Why?
3. (0,5) From its formula and its state, draw the substance using its molecules.
Iron
Oxygen Water Sodium hydroxideNa
O
H
Mercury,
Hg (liquid) Chlorine, Cl2
(gas)
CS2 ; liquid. FeO ; Solid

15. 15
4. (0,5) What is bigger, a star or a galaxy? Why?
a. Have the iron atoms existed from the beginning of the universe?
b. Why are hydrogen atoms the most abundant in the universe?
5. (1) Explain how a hot air balloon works? What happens to the molecules inside the
balloon when the air is heated?
6. (1) How do we know when a chemical reaction has taken place?
7. (1) Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction:
Phy. CR Phy CR
Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubs
Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery
Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food
Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath
Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes
Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee
Writing on paper Frying chicken
Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and it
becomes a darker colour.
Paper ripping From grapes we produce wine.
8. (0,5) Carbon dioxide: Where is the carbon dioxide produced?

16. 16
9. Propane, C3H8, is a gas and we use it for cooking.
a. (0,25) What do we need to burn propane?
b. (0,5) What gas is produced when we burn propane? Write
the word equation.
c. (0,25) Why are combustions so important for humans?
10. (0,5) Darakth has three balloons, which
are filled with different gases. Which
balloon holds:
a. Air?
b. Hydrogen?
c. Carbon dioxide?
Explain your answer.
11. (0,25) Is carbon dioxide a toxic gas? Why?
(0,25) Is carbon dioxide the gas that we take from the air to breath?
12. (0,5) Why is carbon dioxide so important?
13. (0,5) Why are combustions related to the Earth warming up? Name this effect.
Hydrogen

17. 17
14. (0,5) Analyse the following
graph. The chaotic line
represents how the
temperature has changed a
long the last 1000 years until
now. The other line shows
how the amount of carbon
dioxide has been changed
along these years in the
atmosphere.
a. What do different numbers represent?
b. Describe the most important changes that shown by this graphic. When
(year) did these changes happen?
Year

18. 18
Exam:
THE
EARTH.
140526
1. (0,5)
As
you
know,
the
Moon
is
moving
away
from
the
Earth
3,8
cm
per
year.
How
long
does
it
take
the
Moon
to
increase
the
distance
from
the
Earth
0,76
meters?
2. (0,5)
Name
the
different
layers
of
the
Earth.
For
each
layer
indicate
their
state
(solid,
liquid
or
gas)
3. (0,4)
True
or
falls:
a. The
story
of
the
Earth
began
about
450
million
of
years.
b. The
Earth’s
surface
is
moving
all
the
time.
c. Millions
of
years
ago
all
the
continents
were
together.
d. The
Earth
and
the
Moon
were
born
at
same
time.
4. Convection
Currents
a. (0,5)
Explain
the
meaning
of
convection
currents.
Explain
our
experience
on
convection
currents
in
the
laboratory.
b. (0,2)
Which
is
Earth’s
layer
where
convections
currents
are
produced?
c. (0,3)
What
is
the
cause
of
convection
currents
in
this
Earth
layer?
5. Tectonic
Plates:
a. (0,2)
What
are
tectonic
plates?
b. (0,2)
What
do
convergent
boundaries
mean?
What
do
divergent
boundaries
mean?
Do
a
scheme.

19. 19
c. (0,1)
Where
is
new
tectonic
material
created,
where
it
is
destroyed?
d. (0,2)
Why
is
the
oceanic
crust
always
pushed
below
continental
crust?
e. (0,3)
What
is
the
cause
of
earthquakes?
6. The
Earth
atmosphere:
a. (0,4)
4
thousands
of
million
of
years
ago
did
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
have
the
same
composition
as
now?
Use
the
opposite
graph
to
explain
the
atmospheric
composition
at
this
time.
b. (0,2)
When
did
the
seas
appear?
c. (0,4)
When
did
oxygen
appear
in
the
atmosphere?
How
was
the
oxygen
produced?
7. (1,0)
Represent
inside
the
squares
the
air
molecules
taking
into
account
that
there
are
4
nitrogen
molecules,
N2,
by
each
of
oxygen,
O2.
Represent
the
air
molecules
at
sea
level
and
at
10
km
altitude.
Thousands of million of
years

20. 20
8. (0,4)
At
sea
level
the
air
density
is
about
1,2
g/L.
If
we
have
a
balloon
filled
with
7,5
l
of
air,
what
is
its
mass?
9. (0,6)
Explain
how
the
Cartesian
Diver
(Descartes
devil)
works.
10. Carbon
Cycle:
a. (0,2)
Name
places
or
processes
where
carbon
dioxide
is
produced.
b. (0,2)
How
is
the
carbon
dioxide
reduced
from
the
atmosphere?
c. (0,1)
Is
the
carbon
dioxide
a
toxic
gas?
Why?
d. (0,5)
What
will
happen
if
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
is
greatly
increased
in
the
atmosphere?
Name
and
explain
this
Effect.
11. (0,6)
Write
the
chemical
reaction
when
we
burn
petrol?
Petrol
+
à
+
+
Are
there
some
relation
between
combustion
reactions
and
atmospheric
pollution?

21. 21
12. (1,0)
When
we
breath
inhale
• N2,
78,4%
• O2,
20,8%
• CO2,
0,04%
• H2O
vapour,
0,76%
Which
gasses
are
increased
and
which
are
reduced
when
we
exhale?
Why?
13. (1,0)
Draw
a
representation
of
Water
Cycle.
Name
all
the
processes
that
happen
in
this
cycle.
What
makes
the
water
cycle
works?

22. 22
Exam 1stC ESO 140611
1. (0,5)
What is a chemical reaction?
2. (0,5)
Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction:
Phy. CR Phy CR
Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubes
Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery
Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food
Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath
Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes
Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee
Writing on paper Frying chicken
Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and
becomes darker.
3.
We
inhale
• N2,
78,4%
• O2,
20,8%
• CO2,
0,04%
• H2O
vapour,
0,76%
a. (0,5)
Draw
these
molecules.
b. (0,6)
Which
gasses
are
increased
and
which
are
reduced
when
we
exhale?
• Increase:
• Decrease:
c. (0,6)
Why
we
need
to
breath
oxygen?
What
kind
of
chemical
reaction
is
produced
with
the
oxygen?
Write
the
chemical
equation.
d. (0,5)
In
winter
the
air’s
temperature
is
about
15ºC,
what
happens
to
the
air
that
we
inhale
if
our
lungs
are
at
36ºC?
4. (0,4) Fill de gaps:
Men feed on organic matter that is already elaborated, and then man can be
classified as ___________. Men eat meat and vegetables, so he is __________.
All the processes that enable living things to obtain energy we call
___________.
Some living things produce their own food and we name them ____________,
for example _____________.
5. (0,4) How do the plants make their own food?

23. 23
6. (0,5) Explain how a hot air balloon works?
a. (0,5)
What happens to the molecules inside the balloon when the air is
heated?
b. (0,5)
What happens to the density of air inside the balloon?
7. (1,2)
Explain what would happen if suddenly the carbon dioxide disappear from the
Earth atmosphere.
a. To plants. Why?
b. To the Earth. Why?
8. (0,8)
What
will
happen
if
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
is
greatly
increased
in
the
atmosphere?
Name
and
explain
this
effect.
9. (1,0)
What
would
happen
if
the
Sun’s
rays
couldn’t
arrive
to
the
Earth?
a. Plants.
b. Water.
10. (0,5)
Explain
what
are
the
convection
currents.
11. (0,5)
What produces the convection currents in the Earth’s Mantle?
12. (0,5)
Why are tectonic plates moving? Draw scheme.

24. 24