Honors Chemistry Lab Finds Sugar Content

Honors Chemistry Common Lab Assessment
Honors Chemistry Common Lab Assessment 1:
Using the Density to Find the Amount of Sugar in a Carbonated Beverage
Name: Elisa Johnson
Lab Partner: Marleigh Bickel
Block 1 Honors Chemistry
Experiment Date: Thursday October 9, 2014
Report Date: Friday October 27, 2014
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this lab was to investigate the amount of sugar in carbonated
beverages by using the density of solutions, and also to create a standard curve with the percent
sugar in sugar solutions.
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this lab was to investigate the amount of sugar in carbonated
beverages by using the density of solutions, and also to create a standard curve with the percent
sugar from sugar solutions to find the percent sugar of flat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Consumption of sugary drink can lead to many health risks such as stroke, diabetes, cancer and
many more.
According to a new study by UC San Francisco, drinking sugary drinks can accelerate aging as
much as smoking does. The research team found that drinking a 20–ounce soda every day
accelerates aging by about 4.6 years. People who drink a lot of sugary soda had shorter telomeres,
decreasing cells ' life cycle (Bonar). The length of telomeres has already been associated with
human lifespan.
In a three–person case study, Dr. Mohamed Bassiouny studied the teeth of a diet soda drinker and
two drug addicts and found identical dental erosion among all 3. When the enamel was worn away,
teeth became more open to cavities and other problems. With a pH of 3.2, diet soda is very acidic
(Meredith). To avoid all these problems, a simple solution would be to check the nutrition label on
sodas and other carbonated beverages. To calculate percent of sugar in a beverage, in the nutrition
label locate the number and percentage in grams of total carbohydrates. For example, a label lists 28
grams of total carbohydrates and underneath it on the line marked "Sugars," it lists 6 grams of sugar.
So then, divide the number of grams of sugar by the number of carbohydrates to get 0.214. After
that, multiply the number by 100 to eliminate the decimal, and by doing that, the total carbohydrates
would be 21.4

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Introduction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (Copd)
Introduction Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disorder (COPD) is a very prevalent disease in the
world today with the most common cause being related to tobacco smoke. Not only is it associated
with lung disease, but it has also been seen to be linked with many other comorbidities. However,
the most concerning effect that COPD has on the body is towards the muscular dysfunction of
skeletal muscle. Reasons, that are independent of lung function, that make this so concerning
includes; an overall decrease in functional capacity, a poor quality of life, an increase in health care
utilization, or even mortality. COPD has been linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, the effects
of Vitamin D deficiency, pertaining to COPD, on skeletal muscle has ... Show more content on
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The highest neutrophil count at roughly 35% is the vitamin D deficient smoking mouse at 18 weeks
with little to no change over the course of time. This shows that smoking enhances and increases the
effect of Vitamin D and vice versa when it comes to neutrophil count in the lungs.
Fig 2 Figure 2 shows the change in body mass of the over the 18–week time. The control (normal air
breathing and vitamin fed mouse) shows steady increase in body mass through all 18 weeks, starting
at 26.7g and increasing to 32g. Second highest on the graph was the Vitamin D deficient mouse
breathing normal air. This mouse did show increase in body mass but at a slower rate than the
control, ending at roughly 29g and starting at 24g. The smoking vitamin D fed and vitamin D
deficient mouse is when you start to see the major impact of smoking on skeletal muscle. Both
stayed similar throughout the 18 weeks, only seeming to gain 2g of body mass from the initial ~24g.
Fig 3 Figure 3 shows the percentage of gain in body mass compared to the initial mass of the body
at the 6, 12, and 18–week time points. The vitamin D deficient groups showed the lowest percentage
of body mass gain compared to the vitamin fed groups. Even though smoking was independent, and
played no affect in body mass, the smoking vitamin D deficient mouse showed the lowest body
mass gain at every single point.
Table 1
Table 1 takes both muscle masses (mg) of the right and left of

Preventing a Manmade Apocalypse Essays
This world is filled with constant warfare and the threat of safety. Nations all over the world are in
constant conflict to protect their country and their rights. Weapons of mass destruction are at the
epicenter of this constant threat against peace and life. The presence of weapons of mass destruction
is a serious threat to the world and daily life, requires much concern, and needs to be addressed
because of the imminent threat of massive destruction. Weapons of mass destruction are divided into
biological, chemical, and nuclear devices (Porteus 1). The uses of weapons of mass destruction can
range from the silent threat of a poison gas attack to a cataclysmic nuclear explosion (Porteus 1).
Biological terrorism can include anything ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The sickening effects of biological weapons of mass destruction can be treated with antidotes,
antibiotics, vaccines, or stomach pumping (Porteus 2). Russia, Iraq, North Korea, and Syria possess
biological weapons as well as the United States, who studies some substances, such as anthrax, in
laboratories (Porteus 2). Symptoms determine the classification of chemical weapons of mass
destruction, such as blistering and nerve agents (Porteus 2). Other forms "include: blood agents,
including cyanide, arsine, cyanogen chloride, and hydrogen chloride; choking agents, including
chlorine, diphosgene and phosgene; other nerve agents; and vesicants, such as distilled mustard,
ethyldichloroarsine, mustard–lewisite mixture, and forms of nitrogen mustard" (Porteus 2–3).
Included also are harassing agents, such as riot control chemicals and vomiting agents (Porteus 3).
The primary chemical weapons are mustard gas, sarin (GB), VX, soman (GD), and tabun (Porteus
2). Skin contact, inhalation, eye contact, deployment via commercial handheld agricultural sprayers,
crop dusters, and spray tanks on aircraft or ships, deployment via munitions delivered by gravity
bombs, or in warheads on ballistic or cruise missiles, water and food contamination, and opening a
container full of harmful chemicals in a crowded area are all delivery systems of chemical weapons
of mass destruction (Porteus 3). Burning or blistering of the skin and

Potato Osmosis Lab
The Effect of a Solute in Osmosis through a Solanum Tuberosum
Introduction: In this experiment, I will be studying if the type of a solute in water affects the rate of
osmosis through the insides of a potato. I will be using three water solutions, one with salt and one
with sugar, and plain water as a control group. Two of the solutions will have 250 milliliters of water
with molarities of one for the two salt and sugar solutions. There will be two other solutions that
will have 250 milliliters of water and have molarities of two for both salt and sugar solutions, so
overall, there will be five solutions. I think that this is an interesting topic because I think that this
experiment will be fun to create and also informative about the factors that affect osmosis. ... Show
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This could have affected the results because the potatoes might absorb the solutions in different
because of their different attributes. Also, the timing was a little off between Test 1 and Tests 2
through 5 because through certain limitations on time and various constraints, Test 1 soaked in
solutions for 28 hours whereas Tests 2 through 5 soaked for about 26.5 hours. This could have
caused some problems with the collected data, but overall, Tests 2 through 5 follow similar trends to
the initial test, so discrepancies were kept minimal. In addition to the timing being slightly off, the
potato cubes from all of the tests were cut at the same time; however, only Test 1 used the freshly
cut potatoes due to time constraints. Tests 2 through 5 used drier potatoes, which could have affected
the data. And of course, human error such as the amount of the solution poured in, the exact amount
of solutes in the solutions and the measurements taken. If this experiment were to be repeated, it
should have stricter timing, identical testing materials and more careful

Water Loss Lab
Using the collected data, the rate of water loss from the sand needs to be calculated using the
psychrometric chart and the change in weight of the sand mixture over time. To illustrate the process
of calculating the water loss, the equilibrium data from Trial 1 will be used. T_(wb,out)=24.5⁰C
T_(db,out)=50.5⁰C T_(wb,in)=23.5⁰C T_(db,in)=50.5⁰C With the wet and dry bulb temperatures, the
psychrometric chart was used to find the moisture contents and humid volumes for the air at the
inlet and outlet of the tray dryer. The values found using the psychrometric chart are provided
below. H_out=0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ) H_in=0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ) h_out=0.0087 kg/(kg dry air)
h_in=0.0071 kg/(kg dry air) Before the water vapor mass flow rate can be ... Show more content on
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m ̇_(wv,in)=(0.0071 kg/(kg dry air)*0.06 m^3/s)/(0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ))=0.000458 kg/s m
̇_(wv,out)=(0.0087 kg/(kg dry air)*0.06 m^3/s)/(0.93 m^3/(kg dry air ))=0.000485 kg/s With the
water vapor mass flow rates calculated, the mass flow rate of the water evaporating from the system
can be calculated by subtracting the two flow rates. 0.000485 kg/s–0.000458 kg/s=0.000027 kg/s
The water loss of the sand from the initial point of drying until steady–state was reached was then
calculated by subtracting the weight of the dry sand from the weight of the wet sand. The difference
in the water masses was divided by the change in time to determine the mass flow rate of water loss.
m_(w,1)=568g–438g=130 g m_(w,2)=546g–438g=108 g (m ̇_w=(130g–108g)/(1293.6 secs)*(1
kg)/1000g=0.000017 kg/s) ̇ Finally, the percent closure of the system can be calculated using the
two calculated mass flow rates, as shown below. % closure=(0.000017 kg/s)/(0.000027
kg/s)*100=62.96% Table 5 presents the results for each of the trials. Table 5. Experimental Results
for Trials 1–4 Trial Mass Flow Rate of Water Vapor (kg/s) Mass Flow Rate of Water Loss (kg/s)
Percent Closure

Vertical Jump Height Research
The aim of this study was to determine if gender or body mass index (BMI) would have an effect on
vertical jump height.
This study tested two main hypotheses and proposed that: (a) that males would display a greater
vertical jump height than their female counterparts and (b) that a lower BMI score would indicate
greater vertical jump height.
Equipment
The equipment used included: jump mats, laptop with Microsoft excel, calculator and writing
equipment.
Method
Seventeen university students participated in this study; five men and twelve women (mean height:
1.68 ± 0.10 m; mean mass: 69.7 ± 12.1 kg; mean age: 30 ± 7.9 years) provided voluntary, written,
informed consent prior to participating in the trial. Participants performed a warm ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
and .. of this study by the low correlation between height and vertical jump height and mass and
jump height. MA concluded that body mass is independent of jump height and height is a non
adjustable factor and is therefore not a concern as technique should provide adequate compensation.
AP and MA both indicated that BMI alone can be misleading as it shows no differentiation between
lean mass, fat mass or muscle mass; therefore allowing for athletes with a greater percentage of
muscle mass to be wrongly categorised with a greater BMI or overweight when they are not. MA
saw that in view of weight and BMI overweight athletes would jump lower than lighter athletes.
However they found in line with the results of this study that an athlete who is not overweight, but is
categorised as by their BMI, due to an increased muscles mass percentage displayed a greater
vertical jump height.
From the results presented in this study and the studies of others, it can be concluded that our second
research hypothesis; that a lower BMI score would indicate a greater vertical jump height, is to be
rejected and was

The Influences Of Mass Media On Society
The Influences of Mass Media on Society
For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is
a "normal" part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate,
entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on
world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society.
As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society.
Although broadcasted content was limited and not as popular as present day, for
some homes, it was a source of entertainment and information "From 1921 to 1924,
there were only 500 licensed media radio stations. By the 1940s (1930–1940), at least
83% of homes possessed a radio"(Smith, 2014,paragraph 2&3, Radio: The Internet of
the 1930 's). The negativity of certain broadcasting posed as a concern, even in the
early years. As Smith explained, "But the new technology also raised anxieties.
Observers worried about the propriety and taste of the radio programs that would
penetrate the sanctity of the home"(Smith, 2014,paragraph 2&3, Radio: The Internet
of the 1930 's).
Experts such as L.Rowell Huesmann, has researched and studied the relation
between mass media promoted violence and violent tendencies among the
The Influences of Mass Media on Society

individuals subjected to such violence. "Numerous experimental studies, many
statistic observational studies, and a few longitudinal studies

Factors Affecting the Movement of Water Through Osmosis
Factors affecting the movement of water through osmosis
Introduction
In this I will be investigating what effects the movement of water through osmosis. Osmosis is the
diffusion of water. It is the process in which fluids pass through a partially–permeable membrane. It
is the movement of water from high water concentration to low water concentration. Plant cells react
to osmosis by hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic.
Keywords
Hypertonic – is when the water outside of the cell is lower than that inside.
Isotonic – is when the net movement is the same in both directions.
Hypotonic – is when the water potential outside the cell is higher. Therefore the water has moved
into the cell and the cytoplasm is pushing against the cell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I think that using potato cylinders to observe osmosis is the best method to use as it doesn't take too
long to do, it is simple to do and can give reliable results as the potato cylinders would be the same
length and width, and most likely the same weight as well, meaning it would be easier to tell which
solution had the greatest effect on the potato cylinders, by weighing the potato cylinders to see what
the difference in mass is.
Chosen Method 1) I will be taking several samples from the same potato by using a potato corer to
give me eighteen potato cylinders in equal size, a second potato is allowed if it is needed.
(Pictures from: http://eve.kean.edu/~breid/plantlab2/plant_2.html)
2) Then you measure all eighteen cylinders to see what their starting mass is, I will use a set of
scales to do this. 3) Once you have the starting mass you will need to add each potato cylinder to
different solutions, sucrose 0.1m/dm³, sucrose 0.2m/dm³, sucrose 0.4m/dm³, sucrose 0.5m/dm³ and
sucrose 1m/dm³, you will need to make sure there is enough solution to cover the potato cylinder.
4) Then you need to leave the potato cylinders in the solution for a long enough period of time, i.e.
an hour. 5) Once an hour is up you need to take the cylinders out of the solution and dry them off
with some paper towel. 6) After that weigh the potato cylinders again and calculate

What is Sarcopenia?
Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease frequently associated with the age–related loss of muscle mass
and strength. Risk of sarcopenia increases at a rate of 3–8% per decade after age 30 and continues to
accelerate after the fifth decade of life (1, 616; 2, 1). Contributing factors of muscle degeneration
include: sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, reduced protein turnover rate, lowered insulin response,
inflammatory changes, and decreased anabolic hormone production (3, 1073). Dietary protein is
essential in order to build muscle and avoid loss of lean body mass (4, 686). Evidence indicates
increased protein intake above the RDA of 0.8 g/kg per day in older adults will increase the anabolic
response of muscle (3, 1073).
High dietary protein ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A recent study observed the effects of amino acid infusion and results showed greater protein
synthesis and no change in protein breakdown; indicating increased amino acids are anabolic to
muscle in healthy older adults (3, 1076). A moderate serving of a 113 gram serving of lean protein
containing 30 grams of amino acids and 10 grams of essential amino acids increases muscle protein
synthesis by approximately 50% in the older adult population (1, 621).
Leucine is an essential amino acid recognized as particularly important for signaling and muscle
building (3, 1077). Leucine is activated through the pathway of a kinase known as mTOR (3, 1078).
Messenger ribonucleic acid translation, or mTOR, targets proteins involved in mRNA translation (3,
1078). Branched chain amino acid leucine with resistance exercise training is proposed to
regenerates muscle and enhances anabolic pathways while inhibiting catabolic pathways (2, 6).
Leucine is a direct stimulate for muscle protein synthesis through increasing messenger ribonucleic
acid translation (3, 1077). Protein synthesis was fully restored when 46% leucine enriched bolus was
distributed to a sample of older adults (2, 2). Leucine at levels of 26% (1.72 g leucine) and 41%
(2.79 g leucine) bolus increased muscle strength in the young but only the 41% bolus of leucine
essential amino acids was effective in older adults (1, 621). Leucine–enriched amino acids, with
levels of leucine

Observing Kepler's Three Laws Of Dynamicary Motion
The method of perturbations is a method of detecting other planets. For example, the discovery of
the planet Neptune was discovered using perturbation theory. According to Newton's laws of
motion, the planets move in elliptical orbits about a common center of mass; in this case, the center
of mass (barycenter) of the solar system. In a simplified case, we can consider the 2–body problem;
we have two point masses mutually orbiting each other about their common center of mass (take the
Earth–Sun system). Now, we want to determine the evolution of this dynamical system over time.
We know that the two point masses move according to Kepler's three laws of planetary motion and
Newton's law of universal gravitation. I would state these laws here but I don't want to be accused of
copying so feel free to look them up in any physics textbook.
Now, what you will know notice is that over time as these two point mass particles orbit each other
about their common center of mass, there will be deviations from Newton's laws. One example of
such a deviation would be the gravitational effects of a third point mass. Another example would be
corrections for general relativistic effects. Take, for example, the perihelion precession of Mercury.
Yet another example ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, in the case of Neptune, we detected Neptune due to its gravitational effects on the planet
Uranus. Due to these gravitational effects, Uranus's orbit deviated from what would be predicted by
Newton's laws of motion. In the same vein, if we have some planet X in our system of N point
masses mutually orbiting about that system's common center of mass or barycenter, then we can use
perturbation theory to calculate deviations from Newton's laws of motion due to the gravitational
effect of that planet on the other planets in the system, and thus detect the new

which clothing brand has BE or BF letter on its logo?
Experiment 2
The Addition of Vectors
In this experiment a force table is used experimentally to determine the magnitude and direction of a
fourth force that is necessary to effect static equilibrium when three known forces act on a light ring.
The reliability of the data is investigated, and the experimental values are compared to theoretical
values.
Theory
According to Newton 's First Law of Motion, a particle is considered to be in static equilibrium
when the vector sum of all the forces acting on the particle equals zero:
This is referred to as the First Condition of Equilibrium. A stationary particle corresponds to this
situation. In two dimensions, (1) can be expressed as and That is, the sum of all the ... Show more
Clamp the fourth pulley at this angular position, pass the string over the pulley, and attach the fourth
weight hanger.
5) Determine the mass that will achieve equilibrium by adding mass to the fourth weight hanger
until the minimum amount necessary to center the ring is found. A method of accomplishing this is
to hold the ring so that it is centered around the pin and add mass to the fourth weight hanger that is
close to but less than the minimum mass needed to achieve equilibrium. When the ring is released,
the ring will move away from the weight hanger. Center the ring again and add small increments of
mass until the ring does not move. Record this value as m4min. Carefully continue to add mass until
the maximum amount is found that will maintain the ring in its centered position. Record this value
as m4max.
The best value of m4 is the average: 6) Use (4) to compute m4 and place this amount of mass on the
fourth string. Check that the ring is centered.
7) Loosen the fourth clamp pulley and carefully move the clamp in a clockwise direction until the
minimum angle is found that will maintain the ring in its centered position. Record this value as 4.
Repeat in the

The Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient
Over the past few decades, there has been a rapid increase in the use of the stirred tank bioreactors.
The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) is often used to compare the efficiency of the
bioreactors and as an important scale–up factor. It characterizes the oxygen mass transfer in stirred
tank bioreactors. In the present work, a mathematical and statistical approach was adopted to study
the effects of the various experimental variables on volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a 1 L
stirred tank bioreactor. Air/water system is used for this investigation. The Box–Behnken design
(BBD) in response surface methodology has been employed for the statistical analysis. The input
parameters were impeller agitation rate (50–800 RPM), air ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Gas–liquid mass transfer ultimately depends on the diffusional transport of the gas into the liquid
phase, which in turn requires a large interfacial surface area. In order to increase the overall mass
transfer rate between the phases (gas and liquid in our case), it is necessary to increase the liquid
film mass transfer coefficient (kL) and/or interfacial area (a). The mass transfer can be increased by
increasing the interfacial area rather than liquid film mass transfer coefficient by making use of
turbulence in the best possible way. Thus, the knowledge of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient
or the individual parameters, such as liquid film mass transfer coefficient and specific interfacial
area, is of essential importance in designing the gas–liquid contacting equipments. Also, gas–liquid
contactors design certainly influences the mass transfer rate [4, Veljkovic and Skala, 1988]. Most
industrial microbial processes are aerobic, and are mostly carried out in aqueous medium containing
salts and organic substances; usually these broths are viscous showing non–Newtonian behavior.
The rate of oxygen transfer to the cells is one of the limiting factors in the product formation. It is
known that increasing the rate of oxygen transfer to the cells can enhance the rate of product
formation. Gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient are mostly used to characterize
oxygen mass transfer. Oxygen transfer is strongly influenced by

The Role Of Clenbuterol As An Bangladeshi Aid
Abstract:
There are many illicit drugs being used nowadays by athletes to enhance their physical performance
in the sports they are engaged in. The use of such energy enhancing drugs is increasing day by day
and that has given rise to the need of taking a look over various aspects of that drug and figuring out
the legal and ethical aspects related with the use of that drug. One such drug which is nowadays
becoming popular is Clenbuterol. In this study we investigate the role of Clenbuterol as an
ergogenic aid. We will document the importance and relevance of this ergogenic aid. There will be a
detailed explanation of the physiological basis of how this ergogenic aid works, what are the
positive effects of Clenbuterol, if it really works ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ergogenic aid have been classified as nutritional, pharmacological, physiological, or psychological
and range from use of accepted techniques such as carbohydrate loading to illegal and unsafe
approaches such as anabolic–androgenic steroid use." (p. 426– 439)
(Maria K. et al, 2007) "The product 'Anabolic Burner' of the brand name 'natural steroid' was
ordered on a German hotline telephone number from a company named 'Beach Power'. It was sent
by regular mail from a German consignor in 2007. The active ingredient was labeled as '30µg
Clenbuterol Enetat'. According to Europeon Legislation (German Federal Ministry of Health, 2004),
this product has to be classified as a non–licensed pharmaceutical even if it is marketed as a dietary
supplement". (p. 298–300)
(Douillard A (2011) Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Ergogenics and Side Effects of Clenbuterol
Treatment. J Sport Medic Doping Studie S1:001. doi: 10.4172/2161–0673.S1–001) The β2–
agonists were first used for their bronchodilatory property. According to the World Anti–Doping
Agency (WADA) the use of all β2–agonists and their isomers D and L is banned in sport. Other β2–
agonists like salbutemol, salmoterol and formoterol are granted for therapeutic purpose when taken
in inhaled form but clenbuterol is placed in the list of banned anabolic agents. It induces muscle
hypertrophy and causes the reduction of fat through lipolytic action and hence is made a prized
substance by

Osmosis Paper
Osmosis Planning Aim To investigate osmosis in potato chips in varying concentrations of solution
(sodium chloride (Nacl) and distilled water) and its effects. To see the change in mass before and
after the effect of osmosis. Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated
solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane. This occurs in
situations such as the movement through a cell wall, it allows smaller molecules through but not
bigger molecules. The molecules will diffuse until the area where the molecules are reach
equilibrium. Prediction I think that the increase of the concentration of the solution in the test tube
the lower the mass of the potato will be. I came ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another thing i had to take into account was the type of potato I used as i didn't want the results to
be affected by a change in water mass in the potato as different types of potatoes containing varying
masses of water, also some potatoes could be more pores and would end up affecting my results and
providing me with more outliers. The dependent variable is the substance that we measure in the
experiment for the purpose of my investigation the dependant variable is the potato chips as the
change in mass will allow us know the effect of osmosis, and how much effect did occur. For my
investigation i will measure the potatoes in grams for a better reading however when drawing up my
graph to compare the results I believe that using percentages will be easier and more understandable.
To hopefully achieve better results i will use the same equipments throughout just as a precaution.
Preliminary During our preliminary we used two different concentrations. Sodium chloride and
distilled water. We used both of them and compared them to each other. We chose to use the 5 molar
sodium chloride concentration and distilled water. However for the actual investigation we would
use more concentrations that would go in–between the two extreme concentrations. We used a
volume of 60ml and 20ml. Then out of the two we chose the one that showed us the most promising
results to use for the main investigation. We ended up choosing the 60ml as

What Is Affected By Tidal Elongation?
Introduction
When we walk along the beach, we often notice that the water level rises and recedes at certain
times during the day which are known as low and high tides. These high and low tides that we
observe on the beaches are caused by waves that form out far out in the ocean that travel along and
crash into our coastline. If you have been to the beach more than once, you probably noticed that the
high and low tides doesn't always happen at the same time each day; they change. These waves are
caused by an attractive force between masses called gravity and the many objects that contain mass
in our solar system are always moving. Because the Moon is constantly orbiting Earth and the Earth
is orbiting the Sun, the gravitational forces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the case with the Sun and our Moon. Although our Sun is 27 million times larger than our
Moon, it is also 390 times further away from Earth as compared with the Moon. Based on mass
alone, the Sun's gravitational attraction to Earth should be more than 177 times greater than that of
the Moon and tidal generating forces from the Sun should be 27 million times greater than that of
the Moon. However, when you factor in distance, the tidal force exerted by the Sun is reduced by
3903 and is about half that of the Moon [1].
Tidal Elongation Inertia also plays a role in tidal motion on our planet. Inertia, by definition, is the
tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant linear velocity and therefore wants
to counteract the gravitational attraction between objects in order for the two objects to continue
traveling in a straight line as shown in Figure 1 [1].
.
Fig 1: Illustration of the effect that gravity and inertia have on the Earth's bodies of water. Retrieved
from: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/tides03_gravity.html
The Moon pulls most strongly on the water on the Earth's surface that is facing it simply because it
is the closest. Inertia tries to counteract this, but the gravitational attraction prevails on the "near
side" of Earth and causes a tidal bulge. However, on the "far side" of Earth, the side facing away
from the Moon, the gravitational attraction is weaker and inertia prevails creating another

Heat Effects And Calorimetry Lab Report
Miguel Paulo D. Valdez BS Chem–3 EXPERIMENT 14– Heat Effects and Calorimetry Objective/
Introduction: Heat is a form of energy, sometimes called thermal energy, which can pass
spontaneously from an object at a high temperature to an object at a lower temperature. If the two
objects are in contact, they will, given sufficient time, both reach the same temperature. Heat always
travels from hot to cold objects and two objects will reach an equilibrium temperature. Heat flow is
commonly measured in a device called a calorimeter, an insulating container that minimizes heat
exchange between its contents and the surrounding. Heat flow in a device called a calorimeter. In
this experiment, we should find the heat capacity of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A metal sample weighing 45.2 g and at temperature of 100.0 ˚C was placed in a calorimeter
containing 38.6 g of water at 25.2 ˚C. At equilibrium the temperature of the water and metal was
33.0 ˚C. a. What was ∆T for the water? __________ ˚C b. What was ∆T for the metal? __________
˚C c. How much heat flowed into the water (cwater = 4.184 J/g˚C)? __________ J d. Calculate the
specific heat of the metal. __________ J/g˚C e. What is the approximate molar mass of the metal?
__________ g/mol 2. When 2.00 g of NaOH were dissolved in 49.0 g water in a calorimeter at 24.0
˚C, the temperature of the solution went up to 34.5 ˚C. a. Is the solution reaction exothermic?
__________ Why? b. Calculate q water. __________ J c. Find q for the reaction as it occurred in the
calorimeter. __________ J d. Find the ∆H for the solution of 1.00 g NaOH in water. __________ J/g
e. Find molar ∆Hsol'n for

Nt1310 Unit 1 Practical Application
Hitherto one $^{3}$He particle in the Forward Detector in time coincidence with at least one,
$e^+e^–$ pair and at least two neutral tracks in the Central Detector are identified, in order to fully
reconstruct the $omegato~e^{+}e^{–}pi^0to e^+e^– gammagamma$ final state. The particles
identified in the Central Detector ($e^{pm}$ and $gamma$) are in time coincidence with each
other.
The event selection is further refined by using additional constraints over the detector responses
(e.g. conversion electrons and split–offs), to control the noise, and over the reaction kinematics.
%
%The $omegato~e^{+}e^{–}pi^0to e^+e^– gammagamma$ final state is fully reconstructed
with one
%$^{3}$He particle in the Forward Detector explained ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
%
The vertex of the electron–positron pair for the conversion pair is determined by calculating the
point of the closest distance between the reconstructed MDC helices of the dilepton.
%
%While the opening angle between the trajectories of electron and positron
%at the beam pipe originating due to external photon conversion is smaller.
%
%The invariant mass of the electron pair, evaluated via the energy–momentum four–vectors at the
beam pipe,
%is around twice the electron mass.
%
The distance between the conversion vertex and the beam–target interaction point (0,0) in the xy–
plane is equal to the radius (R) of the beam pipe, as shown in Fig.~ref{beampipeconversion},
% $angle_{NC}>>0$,
However, the vertex of the reconstructed electron–positron pair (non–conversion event) is close to
the primary vertex, which means that the distance between the non–conversion vertex and the
primary vertical point is close to zero.
%
%The invariant mass of the electron pair, evaluated via the energy–momentum four–vectors at the
beam

Imperature And The Rate Of Interaction In A Chemical Reaction
Chemistry IA
Title : The relationship between the temperature and the rate of reaction in a chemical reaction.
Introduction : Last academic year, towards the end, in IB chemistry hl class, my class had the
chance to learn about the concentration, temperature, catalysts, etc and their effects on the rate of
reaction in a chemical reaction. I knew that the rate of reaction had a relationship with the factors
but I wanted to know how it changes witness it for myself. I wanted to perform an experiment for
myself to see what it actually is like. This IA is potentially an opportunity for me to test my
understanding on the topic and
Research Question :
How does one determine the activation energy through the relationship between the temperature and
the rate of a said reaction?
Background Information : Rate of reaction in its most basic definition is the speed at which the
reaction takes place. The rate of reaction can be calculated by using
Rate of Reaction = Molestime of reaction
Collision Theory : In order for atoms/molecules/ions to react, they must collide with each other, the
rate of reaction is directly proportional to the collision frequency. The greater the number of
collisions, the faster the reaction will take place.
Activation Energy : For these collisions to take place and the reactions to happen, a minimum
amount of kinetic energy must be possessed by the particles that are going to collide with each other.
This minimum amount of energy required to initiate a

Investigation Of Heat Transfer During Hyperthermia
Proceedings of Heat Transfer
MAE 589
Spring 2015, Tempe, Arizona, USA
MAE589–00001
ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER DURING HYPERTHERMIA
Syed Hussaini
Arizona State University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Tempe, AZ, USA Pratik Sankhe
Arizona State University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Tempe, AZ, USA
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment wherein the cancerous cells are killed by electromagnetic
heating of malignant tumor tissue. This study is focused on the effect of using a 432 MHz antenna
heating source for hyperthermia treatment of tissue. Temperatures of 42 °C to 46 °C are required to
kill the cancer cells while the healthy tissue is unaffected. The Pennes Bio–Heat Equation is used to
obtain a numerical solution of the tissue temperature profile. A 1–D analytical solution required to
make quick calculation is derived and compared with the 2–D numerical solution solved by Finite
Difference Method (FDM). Also, the effect of variable tissue properties in the tissue region of tumor
and healthy tissue is determined and the effect of a large blood vessel is also determined.
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a malignant disease that can cause death if not treated on time. Hyperthermia is a
treatment in which Electromagnetic (EM) waves are used to heat up the tissue containing the tumor
for therapeutic purposes. The cancerous cells are killed if they are heated in the range of 42 °C to 46
°C for an established period of time which is

Osmosis Lab Report
The Effects of Solute Concentration on Osmosis
Introduction:
Diffusion is the movement of certain molecules toward the direction of equilibrium, and is an
important process in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion that
refers to the diffusion of water, which is an important factor in many types of cells without cell walls
because the water potential of a cell must be similar or equal to its environment in order for the cell
to function properly. In cells, a semi permeable membrane regulates the diffusion of certain
molecules, selectively allowing substances to travel inside and outside of the cell and its organelles.
Dialysis bags are used to imitate the structure of cell membranes. They are also semi–permeable,
allowing water molecules to flow through while blocking larger sucrose molecules. Potato cell
membranes act similarly, allowing water to enter and exit but not facilitating the movement of
sucrose molecules. Because of this, the concentration of sucrose in the environment of a cell
membrane or in a dialysis bag will affect the direction of net water movement by changing the
amount of free water available for osmosis. Water potential is determined by the concentration of
sucrose within the membrane and its aqueous environment. The dialysis tubing experiment will test
the effect that different concentrations of sucrose within the semi–permeable membrane will have on
the net direction of water diffusion. The solutions within the

example of informative speech outline Essay examples
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE
Informative Outline
Topic: Impact of Media in the Society and Individual
General Purpose: To Inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the negative impact of social media in the society and to
the individual.
Thesis: Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have
revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web.
I. Introduction
A. Attention Getter: Today, just about everyone depends on information and communication to keep
their lives moving through daily activities like work, education, health care, leisure activities,
entertainment, travelling, personal relationships, and the other stuff with which we are ... Show more
1. There are three basic functions of mass media.
a. Providing news and information
b. Entertainment
c. Education
2. How media influence us
a. According to Victoria Sherrow, in her book Violence the question of cause and effect and the
Media: There are positive and negative influences of mass media, which we must understand as a
responsible person of a society.
b. New and influential media–distribution channels have appeared in the 21st century. Delivered via
the World Wide Web across the Internet, we are influenced daily by blogs, wikis, social networks,
virtual worlds and myriad forms of content sharing.
c. Radio and then television were very influential. As the 20th century closed, TV exposed us to
untold numbers of images of advertising and marketing, suffering and relief, sexuality and violence,

celebrity, and much more.
Transition: Now that I have discussed the influence of social media, I will now discuss the effects of
social media and the impact to the society and to the individual.
B. The impact of Media on the society
1. Social impact
a. Couldry states that "Mass media generally are considered a prime candidate given the on–line
profusion of information and entertainment services. This article compares the daily mass media
habits of heavy, light, and nonusers of personal computers and on–line services based on 1994 and
1995 national surveys conducted by the Times–Mirror Center for the People and the Press."
b. On a

Organic Chemistry : The Scientific Study Of Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the scientific study of organic materials, those that contain carbon atoms.
Organic compounds are classified into families that are known as homologous series. The members
of each homologous series share some common features. A homologous series is composed of
compounds that have the same general formula (functioning group), usually the only differentiation
is the length of the carbon chain or number of monomers. The difference in the length of the carbon
chain can have an effect on many physical properties of the chemical, for example the boiling point.
Alcohols are organic compounds in which one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups is bound to a carbon
atom. This group of compounds plays a key role in the world, ranging from alcoholic beverages to
medicine to being important compounds in organic chemistry. Boiling point is the point at which
liquids become heated to such an extent that its molecules begin to turn into a gas, this is due to the
addition of energy to the molecules. Molecular mass is a number that equals the sum of the
combined atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule.
This investigation looks to investigate the effects of C–C bonds, molecular mass, and symmetry on
the boiling point of homologous series. It could provide a preliminary first step for later studies in
this area by establishing a link between single C–C bonds and boiling points of hydrocarbons. The
homologous series analyzed in this investigation will be alcohols

Factors That Affect The Body Mass Of Adult Female Yellow...
Over the past few decades, the expression of a variety of life history, behavioural, and physiological
traits have been correlated with systematic environmental changes in temperature, growing season
length, and precipitation1,2. The assumed causal pathway in most if not all studies is that
environmental changes drive changes in traits, and these changes lead to changes in fitness3. This
causal model has rarely been explicitly tested and the quantitative genetic consequences of such
changes in fitness are mostly unknown. Here, we close that gap by combining both a path analysis
and a quantitative genetic approach on 37 years of data on a wild population of adult female yellow–
bellied marmots. We demonstrate that changes in body mass were driven by the changes in spring
temperature, but contrary to any expectations the increase in fitness was not caused by changes in
temperature or body mass. Changes in body mass are thus not directly responsible for the observed
change in population dynamic. In addition, we found a constant positive selection at the phenotypic
level on body mass, a constant heritability of fitness, and a varying (but not trending) heritability of
body mass. Our results clearly indicate that the changes in body mass are not due to an evolutionary
response, and that evolutionary dynamics have not been modified because the fitness–body mass
relation has remained constant. Global climate changes have the potential to impact dramatically
multiple traits, as well

Shepard As Teen Hero? The Mass Effect Trilogy As A Teen Epic
Shepard as Teen Hero? The Mass Effect Trilogy as a Teen Epic
Among the various questions that adults may think of when considering teenagers as video game
players, one that can easily plague the debate about appropriateness of video games is the question:
why do teenagers want to play "mature" rated games? Is it the possibility of sexual content within
the game data? Is it the violence that serves as the primary gameplay for many of these games? Is it
the simple association with the word "mature" that acts as the game rating? As pertinent as these
questions may be, particularly to parents or teachers who fear the negative effects of video games, I
choose to ask something completely different: what if the story, rather than being an adult or
"mature" story, is actually a teen story that draws these teen players into the game? This paper,
which is very preliminary in this investigation, but will hopefully develop into a series of papers
looking at various video games, will investigate the ways that the Mass Effect trilogy does in fact
put a teen story within the adult package of a "mature" rated video game. Rather than attempting to
definitively answer my initial underlying question with sales and playtime data of teen versus adult
players, I will consider the ways that the story of Mass Effect falls in line with existing teen
narratives, particularly the Bildungsroman. This will be achieved by looking at Commander
Shepard, the adult protagonist of the trilogy, as a teen

Evil Experiment to Create Superhuman Warriors Essay
Subject 42 and fellow survivors of an evil experiment conducted to create superhuman warriors.
Subject 42 must find the courage to take leadership of the other "subjects" to stand against the Silus
an superhuman soilder sent with a band of soldiers to capture the" subjects" dead or alive.
The structure of our project is similar to a video game medium. It begins with introduction/setup
where one learns the situation of the characters (surviving in a squatter camp), a small amount of
backstory about the characters, their relationship with other characters, their personalities are
explored, their mission and the conflict they find themselves in, basically the plot elements. Shortly
after the setup, conflict arises. The group of "subjects" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The player picks one these characters and soon after the introduction of the game must confront the
journey at hand and find Subject 42.
"There's a conflict between interactivity and storytelling: Most people imagine there's a spectrum
between conventional written stories on one side and total interactivity on the other. But I believe
that what you really have are two safe havens separated by a pit of hell that can absorb endless
amounts of time, skill, and resources." –Walter Freitag, game designer. The shorter text will have a
embedded narrative which is a " Pre–generated narrative content that exists prior to a player's
interaction with the game, Cut scenes, back story, Are often used to provide the fictional background
for the game, motivation for actions in the game, and development of story arc" After the cut
scene/short text the interactivity starts for the player.
http://www.few.vu.nl/~vbr240/onderwijs/pim/Narrative%20in%20Games.pdf. [Accessed 22 May
2014].
This short text will appeal to those who enjoy sci–fi action genre; in the three–act structure we come
to know the back–stories, situation, personalities, their mission and some of their superhuman
powers. As the conflict arises in the narrative we endless packed action between the soldiers and
"subjects". We see the special powers of teleportation, force fields, brute strength and

Vinegar Milk Lab
Title: What was the effect of vinegar on the mass of curd production?
Purpose
The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of adding varying amounts of vinegar on
the mass of curd produced.
Background Information Curd is made from curdling milk in a process called coagulation.
Coagulating milk requires adding an acidic substance, such as lemon juice or vinegar, to the milk
and letting it sit at a typically warm temperature until it forms curd. This process occurs more
quickly at warmer temperatures than at cooler ones. The acidity in vinegar, or lemon juice, lowers
the pH of milk allowing curd to form. The process of lowering milk's pH is known as protein
denaturing, where the milk's protein, casein, clumps together to form ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As the amount of vinegar increased, so did the mass of curd. When the control is factored in, no
vinegar added, the mass of curd is nonexistent. When 15 mL of vinegar is added the average curd
mass was 1.9 grams. The average mass increased by 18.1 grams when 30 mL of vinegar was added.
The average mass increased even more, by 17.5 grams, when 45 mL vinegar was added. This
increasing trend is depicted on the graph and concludes that the more vinegar added, the larger
production of curd

The Effect Of Salt Solution Concentration On The Mass
Biology 11 SL Pooria Taheri
Block 2
Osmolarity in Potatoes
Research question:
What is the effect of salt solution concentration on the mass in russet potatoes?
Background
Osmosis is a process which molecules of a solvent pass through membrane from a less concentrated
area to a more concentrated area until it equalize the concentration on both side. Isotonic,
hypertonic, hypotonic solutions can be generally used to compare concentration of a solute in two
solutions. Hypertonic solution is when one of two solution has a higher concentration of a solute and
we call this type of solution plasmolyzed. Isotonic solution is when both solutions have the same
concentration of solute and we call this type of solution flaccid cell. Hypotonic solution is when one
of two solution has a lower concentration of a solute and we call this type of solution turgid cell.
Hypothesis:
I predicted that as more concentrated salt solution added to the potatoes, it will cause the mass of
them to decrease. because as higher concentration of sault solution cause water to move out the cell.
The reason being is because water moves from a hyperosmotic area to (more concentration) a
hypsometric area (less concentration).
Independent variable (x–axis)
As the concentration of salt increases the amount of water inside the potatoes decreases. The
concentration is measured in mole. "The mole is the

Isotopes and Its Uses
ISOTOPES
History of the term:
In the bottom right corner of JJ Thomson's photographic plate are the separate impact marks for the
two isotopes of neon: neon–20 and neon–22.
The term isotope was coined in 1913 by Margaret Todd, a Scottish physician, during a conversation
with Frederick Soddy (to whom she was distantly related by marriage).[4] Soddy, a chemist at
Glasgow University, explained that it appeared from his investigations as if each position in the
periodic table was occupied by multiple entities. Hence Todd made the suggestion, which Soddy
adopted, that a suitable name for such an entity would be the Greek term for "at the same place".
Soddy's own studies were of radioactive (unstable) atoms. The first observation of different ... Show
For the 80 elements that have one or more stable isotopes, the average number of stable isotopes is
257/80 = 3.2 isotopes per element.
Even/odd N | Mass | E | O | All | Stable | 145 | 101 | 246 | Longlived | 20 | 6 | 26 | Primordial | 165 |
107 | 272 |
Even and odd nucleons numbers
The proton:neutron ratio is not the only factor affecting nuclear stability. Adding neutrons to
isotopes can vary their nuclear spins and nuclear shapes, causing differences in neutron capture
cross–sections and gamma spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance properties.
Even mass number
Beta decay of an even–even nucleus produces an odd–odd nucleus, and vice versa. An even number
of protons or of neutrons are more stable (lower binding energy) because of pairing effects, so even–
even nuclei are much more stable than odd–odd. One effect is that there are few stable odd–odd
nuclei, but another effect is to prevent beta decay of many even–even

Change In Body Mass
Figure 1 is a line graph that indicates the means of change in body mass across the three groups.
Observably, the mean change in body mass is highest in the large amount and high intensity exercise
group while low amount and mild intensity exercise group has the least amount of change in body
mass. Figure 2: Bar chart for mean change in body mass by the sex of the participant.
For the covariate (sex of the participant), females had the largest change in body mass as compare to
their male counterparts as visually illustrated by the figure 2 above.
Table 2
Tests of Between–Subjects Effects–Change in body mass (Kgs)
Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta Squared
Corrected Model 166.218a 3 55.406 16.261 .000 .466 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
b. Adjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni.
From table 4 above the large amount and high intensity exercise group had a significant mean
difference of change in body mass with the low amount and high intensity exercise groups as well as
with low amount and mild intensity exercise group at the 0.05 level of significance. There was no
significant difference of the change in body mass between low amount and high intensity exercise
group and the low amount and mild intensity exercise group. In summary, the when adjusted for sex
the large amount and high intensity exercise level is effective in reducing the body weight for those
aged between 41–65 years. References
Boutcher, S. H. (2011). High–Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. Journal of Obesity, 2011,
1–10. doi:10.1155/2011/868305
Chaput, J., Klingenberg, L., Rosenkilde, M., Gilbert, J., Tremblay, A., & Sjödin, A. (2011). Physical
Activity Plays an Important Role in Body Weight Regulation. Journal of

Essay On Ratatouille
Ratatouille Phenomenon The movie ratatouille was first released by Buena Vista Pictures
Distribution and was directed and written by the author named Brad Bird who took over from Jan
Pinkava in 2005. Since the release of the movie Ratatouille, foodies have been lining up outside of
theaters to see it. People were flocking to see the movie and the movie suddenly became popular.
When people heard that Ratatouille the movie was good, people made big lines outside of movie
theaters just to see it. People with an appetite were coming from everywhere and rushing in to movie
theaters just to see the movie. It gave food lovers something to watch. The movie brought out the
feeling to cook and to explore new things. It inspired creativity and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the game mass effect, the hyper speed is the same. In the hyper speed, it looks like light beams
are flying past you. Here are some ways that the game has stayed the same In all the games Mass
Effect, there are side missions. In the side missions, you can help the other characters. You can help
the janitor, you can help the passengers on the ship, and more. In the games, you can run out of
supplies, so there are side missions to go get supplies, but if you don't want to go get supplies you
can assign people to go get the supplies for the ship. In the game, you can search the planets as a
side mission. You can go to the different systems and search the planets for deposits or satellites In
the Mass Effect games like in every game there is a campaign that is a series of mane missions. In
Mass Effect one of the missions is to find a planet to live on the earth is to foul of people. In Mass
Effect one other main mission is to find the alien structures that are polluting the air on the planet. In
Mass Effect one other main mission is to get the aliens off the planet, so they can't pollute the air
any more. old This states that taking everything and putting it with new graphics can make a good
game. Is Stranger Things 2 Really Better Than Stranger Things? Stranger Things had come out
about a year ago and now something has happened! As you may recall, Stranger Things

Electromagnetic Radiation Theory : The Classical Theory Of...
The classical theory of Raman Effect was developed by G. Placzek in 1934.
According to the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, electric and magnetic fields
oscillating at a given frequency are able to give out electromagnetic radiation of the same frequency.
Electromagnetic radiation theory can explain light scattering phenomena.
When deriving the Raman Effect, it is generally easiest to start with the classical interpretation by
considering a simple diatomic molecule as a mass on a spring where m represents the atomic mass,
x represents the displacement and K represents the bond strength.
Figure 7.5. Diatomic molecule as a mass on a spring When using this approximation, the
displacement of the molecule can be expressed by using Hooke's law as,
By replacing the reduced mass (m1m2/ [m1+m2]) with μ and the total displacement (x1+x2) with q,
the equation can be simplified to,
By solving this equation for q we get,
where νm is the molecular vibration and is defined as,
The above equation shows that the molecule vibrates in a cosine pattern with a frequency
proportional to the bond strength and inversely proportional to the reduced mass. Through the
Raman Effect, these vibrational frequencies can be measured due to the fact that the polarizability of
a molecule, α, is a function of displacement, q.
Effect of vibration
If a molecule undergoes vibratory motion, this changes the polarisibility periodically and then the
oscillating dipole will

Frasnian-Famennian Extinction
Abstract
The Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction in the Late Devonian has often been considered as one of
the major 5 extinctions through time. Conflicting interpretations for the cause of this extinction
exist, but the role of volcanism is becoming increasingly appealing due to recent advances in
radioisotope dating. New K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages for the Viluy traps in Siberia suggest
multiphase emplacement of the Viluy traps with an early phase likely contributing to the Frasnian–
Famennian mass extinction. Other work supports this idea of multiphase emplacement. Changes in
earth systems during the late Devonian support the argument for the role of volcanism as a root in
the destruction of multiple marine habitats during the Late Devonian. One explanation for the
Frasnian–Famennian extinction involves an initial pulse of Viluy Trap volcanism which lead to
elevated levels in the atmosphere, marine anoxia and ultimately extinction. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Rocks associated with the Viluy traps include dikes, sills, and layered basalt breccia, and are
overlain by Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous sediments (Ricci et al., 2013). Previous analysis on
dating the traps has proved difficult due to high rates of erosion and burial by Mesozoic sediments in
the east and Siberian traps to the west (Kiselev et al., 2006). The current extent of the Viluy traps is
800 by 450 km (Gaiduk, 1987; Kiseleve et al., 2006) with a total thickness of sediments up to 9 km
and a volume of about 300X103km3 (Kiselev et al., 2006). However, effects of erosion and burial
through time have likely contributed to a decrease in volume with time, and initial volume likely
reached one million cubic kilometers (Kiselev et al., 2006). Thus, this value is similar to other
volcanic provinces which have been associated with major mass extinctions through time

False Acceleration
After the conduction of 'part A: changing the mass' of this investigation it was revealed that the
relevant experiment's hypothesis was not proven. However, after the conduction of 'part B: changing
the surface area' of this investigation it was revealed that the relevant experiment's hypothesis was
proven, and hence the gravitational acceleration slowed down with an increase in surface area. A
number of factors have been discovered regarding the impact mass has on gravitational acceleration,
investigated in part A. In table 1 it could be seen that the speeds at which the masses fell were
relatively similar, with some variance, the maximum being –0.29m/s. It could also be seen that the
gravitational accelerations of the masses were somewhat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This discovery follows the common misconception that lighter objects fall slower. However, as
proven, Newton's second law states that all objects fall at the same rate, and hence should hit the
ground at the same time (The physics classroom, 2015). Therefore, this discovery could be
considered an

Osmosis And Its Effects On The Mass Of An Egg Lab Report
The effect of different environments on the mass of an egg
Daija brown
Abstract: Different environments have different effects on the mass of an egg. This was tested by
placing the egg in vinegar, corn syrup, and tap water. The vinegar increased the mass, the corn syrup
decreased the mass, and the tap water increased the mass. This is due to the different concentrations
of each substance and the process of osmosis. Particles of higher concentration move to regions of
lower concentration.
Introduction: Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Due to
the difference in concentration gradient, particles that are dissolved can go from high concentration
to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane. The purpose of the investigation was to
observe the effects vinegar, corn syrup, and water has on the mass of an egg. For the vinegar my
hypothesis was, if the egg is placed in vinegar , then the shell will dissolve. For the corn syrup my
hypothesis was, if the egg is placed in corn syrup, then the egg will form a new shell. For the tap
water my hypothesis was, if the egg is placed in tap water, then the egg will stay the same.
Materials and Procedure: For the experiment the supplies we used were:
One egg
Vinegar
Corn syrup
Tap water
Masking tape
An empty cup
A balance
The procedure used in the investigation was:
On day 1: Used the masking tape to label the empty cup
Took the initial mass of the egg
Measured the initial

Mass Media Effects on People
DEVC 202 TMA No. 2
Maria Victoria Cruz 4 August 2011
1
Maria Victoria Cruz Table of Contents
Introduction & Background
3
Survey Parameters
4
Survey Findings Most Influential Form of Media Top Mass Media in the Philippines (Positive and
Negative Effects) Top Mass Media in Singapore (Positive and Negative Effects) Rate of Mass
Media Effect
5–13
Survey Information
14–15
Survey Questionnaire (Appendix I)
16
References
17
2

Maria Victoria Cruz Mass Media Effects on People
Introduction We have now entered the information age, where mass media Influence has grown
exponentially. It started with the printed page more than 500 years ago; after that, media have
evolved in delivering more information and entertainment. We ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The following are the positive and negative effects of television as identified by the survey
respondents from the Philippines: Positive Effects: Entertaining and Educational People are more
exposed to a broad range of ideas, knowledge, facts and other information from all kinds of people
all over the world because of the wide range of programs available. For example, more people are
becoming
6
Maria Victoria Cruz more aware of environmental issues such as global warming because of TV
programs that are shown which discuss these issues in fair amount of detail. It helps promote social
growth and critical thinking. There is great potential for spurring learning and development.
Profitable The television industry at present is highly commercialized. It has become a great source
of income or profit, power and prestige for a lot of people. The Walt Disney Company, for example,
has evolved into a huge global entertainment company not restricted simply to media but also
having its own studios and theme parks.
Promotes Public Awareness The television's wide reach means that many people see this form of
media as an effective vehicle in providing the public current news and events, both domestic and
international. Quick dissemination of information especially concerning public safety. Examples are:
earthquakes, tsunamis, disease outbreak, etc. With Japan's recent earthquake, Japanese television
channels, mobile phone networks and

Starccraft Reapers
(1) The Hybrid–Suit's appearance is based on the militaristic version of the Batsuit which was
donned by the Arkham Knight. (2) The Variable Grenade is based on the Call of Duty: Advanced
Warfare campaign grenade. (3) The Mass Effect Reapers are a highly–advanced machine race of
synthetic–organic starships. The StarCraft Reaper is just a Terran jet–pack equipped infantry unit.
(4) The Mass Effect Leviathans are an ancient aquatic race that dominated the Mass Effect Galaxy
in the time before the Reapers. The StarCraft Leviathan is a massive airborne zerg breed. (5) The
Mass Effect Banshees are synthetic–organic creatures derived from Asari and mutated by Reaper
technology. The StarCraft AH/G–24 Banshee Tactical–Strike Aircraft is a Terran air unit ... Show
The StarCraft Ravager is a Zerg artillery unit (evolve from Roaches). (7) The Mass Effect
Marauders are synthetic–organic creatures derived from Turians through the use of Reaper
technology. The StarCraft Marauder is a Terran infantry unit. Welcome feedback through review or
private message. Your words may help writing next chapter. If you can't find this FanFiction in
StarCraft Crossover Archive, please set Filters from "Rated K – T" to "Rating: All". I also
recommend you to read Princess of the Swarm written by Howling Din, it's primary character:
Saraslha is more adorable than you imagined. Special Ops: Susan Rizzi and the N7's written by
cswang provided amazing characters and settings to this story. Those N7 are great. StarCraft 2
Kerrigan's Child Chapter 36: Sarah's Revenge Starts Now written by Fanfiction Dragon helped me
writing this story's fighting

The Role Of Mixture Composition On Washout Resistance,...
1
Influence of Mixture Composition on Washout Resistance, Fresh Properties and Relative Strength of
Self Compacting Underwater Concrete
Abd Elrahman Megahed 1, Ihab Adam 2, Omar Farghal 3, Mohamed Omar Sayed4
1 Professor, Civil Eng. Dept., Assuit University
2 Professor, Construction Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt
3 Assistant Professor, Civil Eng. Dept., Assuit University
4 Research Assistant,Construction Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Egypt
ABSTRACT
Successful design of underwater concrete mixtures must fulfill two basic requirements: adequate
flowability to spread into the placing forms without consolidation, and viscosity in order to resist the
washing out. In this paper an investigation was carried out to determine the effect of the dosage of
antiwashout admixture (AWA), watercementitious materials ratio (w/cm),sand to total aggregate
ratio(s/a), and the supplementary cementitious materials on the washout resistance, fresh properties
and the relative compressive strength of self compacting underwater concrete (SCUWC). Therefore
five groups were prepared for this study.First group studied the effect of the supplementary
cementitious materials, second group dealt with the effect of the AWA ratios, third group is
concerning with the effect of w/cm ratio, fourth group take into account the effect of s/a ratio and
finally fifth group included the effect of cementitious materials. Test results indicate that the
concentrations of

The And The Appllication Of The Gavitational Lensing
THE GAVITATIONAL LENSING AND THE APPLLICATION OF
THE GAVITATIONAL LENSING
TAO ZHE YU AND ZHE LONG PENG
University of Wu Han
ABSTRACT
This paper introduceds the princeple of the gravitational lensing and the appllication of strong
gavitational lensing,the weak gravitational lensing and the microlens
Subject heading:gravitation––gravitational lensing
1.INTRODUCTION
According to the Einstein's general relativity, lights will bend in the gravity theory. So the light from
background objects such as stars and galaxies will focus because of the action from the foreground
objects, which seems like lens imaging and this kind of astronomical phenomena is known as
gravitational lens. Since the gravity field of foreground objects has nothing to do with the matter's
state and property, we could make use of the gravitational lens to study the matter's distribution of
the foreground objects.The gravitational lens is usually used to observe the small–angle deflection
of light in weak gravity field. So far this phenomena has been verified from star to galaxy and from
cluster of galaxies to large–scale universe and so many different scales. The gravitational lens seems
to be a camera and astronomers deduce the structure of camera from the properties of the
image.Simple application of the gravitational lens could be concluded to the following three points.
(1)As a cosmic telescope, the gravitational lens makes the remote or dim objects brighter. (2)
Because the large scale of the universe's

Determinations Of Sucrose Concentration In Solanum...
Independent variable
Sucrose concentration (M) (±0.01 g) This variable would impact the investigation as the higher the
concentration of sucrose that is used in this experiment, the average percent change in mass in
Solanum tuberosum core will decrease. This will occur due to the fact as the solute concentration
begins to increase in the water, the solution will eventually become hypertonic, thus the percent
change in mass of the Solanum tuberosum core will start to decrease as water molecules move from
a region of low solute concentration inside the core to the higher solute concentration outside of the
core.
The amount of sucrose will be manipulated by concentrating it with water. The required amount of
sucrose for this experiment would be calculated using the formula:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute/ Litres of solution
Mass of solute = (moles of solute) (molar mass of solute)
Dependent variable
Average percent change in mass (%) Since the goal of this experiment is to estimate the osmolarity
of the Solanum tuberosum core, it is appropriate to measure the average percent change in mass, as
when the sucrose concentration is increased, the average percent change in mass will decrease.
Eventually, as the sucrose concentration increases, the Solanum tuberosum core will reach a 0%
change in mass, where the osmolarities will be equal.
The average percent change in mass will be determined by first finding the difference in mass of the
Solanum tuberosum core

Honors Chemistry Lab Finds Sugar Content

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