Essay On Konark Sun Temple

Essay On Konark Sun Temple
What is the most iconic religious monument in India?
In the small city of Konark, rests one of the most unique and iconic religious monuments of India –
the Konark Sun Temple. Built during the 13th century under the rule of Narasimhadeva I, this
imposing Hindu shrine is an amazing example of ancient Kalinga architecture and engineering.
Architecture and symbolism behind a giant chariot
Khondalite rock was used to erect the temple. The structural scheme pays homage to Surya – the
Hindu Sun god – whose figurative representation consists of a chariot pulled by seven horses. There
are 12 pairs of three–meter–diameter wheels carved on the bottom lateral sides of the audience hall
structure (Jaga mohan), while the dance hall structure in front (Nata mandir) faces East to receive
sunrise's first rays of light. The wheels are particularly interesting: each one exhibits impressively
intricate carvings that can reveal the exact hour of the day down to the minute. These giant wheels
are high–precision sundials.
Kalinga architectural style features prominent decoration, and ... Show more content on
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At its peak, the "Black Pagoda" – as Europeans sailors used to call it – played a significant role in
Indian history, inspiring many myths and legends thereafter. Today, the 700–year–old relic is
nationally regarded as one of the seven wonders of India, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It
is currently maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.
The Konark Sun temple is located in the state of Odisha; a culturally effervescent location endowed
with many other spectacular ancient monuments – like the Lingaraj or Jagannath temples – and
some of the world's most beautiful beaches. This is one of the best travel destinations in India and a
mandatory visit for any
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The Global Consumption Of Energy
Introduction The 21st century can be named as the energy century because the global consumption
of energy is ever expanding and our ever increasing consumption of energy has led to serious
environmental problems. For instance Global warming is majorly attributed to our high energy
intake. So, if we continue with this irresponsible pattern of energy consumption, our future will no
longer be sustainable. Hence, managing and optimizing all the available resources has become a
necessity when all the available resources is beginning to drain out rapidly. Laws governing all the
natural resources both renewable and non–renewable resources has a major say in how people make
use of the energy available. Government plays a major role in framing these policies. Therefore, it is
important that the regulating bodies are pro–active and should vision out the future before making
any provisions. Moreover the end users of electricity faces many problems due to power cuts, erratic
voltage, unscheduled or scheduled load shedding etc. This disturbs the normal functioning of
industries, commercial institutions and households etc. This problem could be because the power
generation capacity is inadequate, the generated electricity is not utilised optimally, flaws in
transmission and distribution, theft, inefficient usage by end customers etc. In order to solve all
these menace, concrete laws and efficient management has become undoubtedly important.
Evolution of Electricity Laws in India

Essay On CII
ABOUT CII
The Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) was formed in 1895, with a purpose of creating a
sustainable environment for growth and development of Indian industries. CII provides consulting
services to the Indian government on various policy issues, increasing efficiency and accelerating
economic growth to promote the aspirations of tomorrow's India. Having partnered with diverse
industries, CII has acquired an invaluable expertise which would help India emerge as a global
power in the near future.
CII is built on four pillars: Global Integration, Key Initiatives, Commitment to society and
competitiveness of Industry. Based on this ideology, CII has organised international and national
summits. US– India Business Summit in New York, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
EITA (1895) In 1985 five firms joined hands to form a confederation known as Engineering & Iron
Trades Association. The main motive behind its formation was to promote the interests of Indian
manufacturers. In 1800's India was ruled by British's and thus the the government bought goods
from UK firms. This resulted in resentment among Indian manufacturers and thus they formed
EITA, to promote Indian industries.
IEA (1912) It was decided in 1912, to exclude traders from membership and form an association
that catered exclusively to the needs of Indian Industries, as the traders developed conflict of interest
and started promoting UK firms for goods. Thus to promote Indian goods through Public offers, IEA
was formulated.
EAI (1942) IEA formed in 1912 promoted big engineering firms, which were mainly British firms.
Thus the sole purpose of establishing such an institution was defeated. Thus to bring to the forefront
the interests of the Indian firms, a different body known as EAI (Engineering Association of India)
was set up in 1942. EAI also included small and medium Indian firms, which was the foundation
pillar of present

Need Of The Study Of Women
NEED OF THE STUDY
Women–owned enterprises contribute 3.09 percent of industrial output and employ over 8 million
people. Approximately, 78 percent of women enterprises belong to the services sector. Women
entrepreneurship is largely skewed towards smaller sized firms, as almost 98 percent of women–
owned businesses are micro–enterprises. As with the broader MSME sector, access to formal
finance is a key barrier to the growth of women–owned businesses, leading to over 90 percent of
finance requirements being met through informal sources. The total finance requirement of women–
owned MSMEs in 2012 was around Indian rupees 8.68 trillion ($158 billion).
Within the segment, small enterprises led the demand for financing: around Indian rupees 6.42
trillion ($116 billion), approximately 74 percent of the total requirement. This was mostly due to
unmet working capital and investment finance needs. Micro enterprises with a requirement of Indian
rupees 2.05 trillion ($37 billion), accounted for 24 percent. Most of this requirement was largely
focused around working capital needs. Women–owned medium–scale enterprises, which account for
0.01 percent of the total MSME sector had finance requirements of around Indian rupees 0.21
trillion ($4 billion), about 2 percent of the total requirement. Microfinance loans for seed capital
allow women borrowers build credit habits and become more bankable. Thus, microfinance plays a
key role in expanding access to finance for low–income women aspiring

Soil Erosion Of Soil Conditions
 During Monsoon, different loses occurs in storing structures of surfaces because of high
evaporation. Evaporation of barren soil along with the combined process involving evaporation,
gaseous state transformation and transpiration of the water from the surface of earth into atmosphere
increases the exhaustion of soil moisture thereby decreasing the quantity and rate of soil permeation.
The overall result is reducing the overflow production potential.  For recharge, the biggest
restraining factor could be capacity of penetration of soil. The nonstop removal of soil helps in
retaining the penetration capability in recharge areas as far as sandy and sandy loam soils are
concerned. Because of intrinsic limitations of clayey soils, the results shows striking differences
when compared to sandy soil. For two different soil conditions, results for infiltration tests in
excavated wells in the state of Andhra Pradesh highlights that, in case of silty clay, within 10
minutes of the test, the infiltration rates become insignificant however for sandy loam soil, in first
25 minutes of the test, the rates starts to become stable around 129.1 mm/hour. The restoration
capability of percolation ponds gets affected severely if rate of infiltration approaches to zero real
quick. Hard rocky areas having thin layer of soil cover face the problem of less penetration potential
to great extents. As infiltration rates reduce to a minimum value, severe effects can be seen on the
functioning of the

Current Challenges Of India 's Third Largest Workforce
Current strengths
Second largest workforce in the world
India has the second largest workforce in the world, which is expected to increase even more. This
gives India an advantage over competitors such as China. In addition, India also has a large English–
speaking working population, which gives the country a competitive advantage in sectors such as
information technology (IT), business process outsourcing (BPO) and a multitude of other services.
According to the Planning Commission report in 2012, the labor force in India is expected to swell
by more than 30% during the next 20 years, compared to a decline of 4.0% in industrialized nations
and by around 5.0% in China. The strong growth of the working age population is expected to
provide significant and sustained impetus to economic growth.
Current challenges
Stubborn inflation
India 's inflation rate has been one of the highest in emerging markets, affecting the country 's
economic recovery and constraining its sovereign rating. Consistent high inflation provides little
room for the central bank to cut interest rate, which keeps key interest rate on the higher side, thus
acting as an impediment to growth. According to Market Line, in 2013, inflation was high at 9.5%.
Inflation averaged 10% during 2008–13. Supply side shortages and a weak rupee continue to push
upward pressure on inflation. In addition, government programs for supporting rural incomes has
changed consumption patterns in the rural areas and thus inflated

The British East India Company
The British East India Company was an English and later (from 1707) British joint–stock company
formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian
subcontinent.
The East India Company traded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium.
Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats. The government owned
no shares and had only indirect control. The Company eventually came to rule large areas of India
with its own private army, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions.
Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and lasted until 1858
when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of ... Show more content on
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Military and administrative costs mounted beyond control in British–administered regions in Bengal
due to the ensuing drop in labour productivity.
At the same time, there was commercial stagnation and trade depression throughout Europe. The
directors of the company attempted to avert bankruptcy by appealing to Parliament for financial
help. This led to the passing of the Tea Act in 1773, which gave the Company greater autonomy in
running its trade in the American colonies, and allowed it an exemption from tea import duties
which its colonial competitors were required to pay.
East India Company Act 1773
By the Regulating Act of 1773 (later known as the East India Company Act 1773), the Parliament of
Great Britain imposed a series of administrative and economic reforms and by doing so clearly
established its sovereignty and ultimate control over the Company. The Act recognised the
Company's political functions and clearly established that the "acquisition of sovereignty by the
subjects of the Crown is on behalf of the Crown and not in its own right."
Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's
shareholders the Act was passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed the
land to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased to the Company at Â£40,000 for two
years. Under this provision governor of

Information Of Brazil And Its Effects On America And The...
Information of Brazil
Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa does Brasil) is the largest country
in both the South America and the Latin American regions. Independence was achieved in 1822 with
the many creation of the Empire of Brazil. The federation is composed for the union of the Federal
District, the 26 states, and the 5,570 municipalities.
Manufacturing sector:
Brazil 's manufacturing industries are driven by the expansion of the domestic market and a stable
internal market.
The FMCG industry has being growing steadily in the last decade mainly because the growth for the
middle class population. The key companies in these industries are players such as Nestle with other
31 different plants in Brazil and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Agriculture sector:
Agriculture business is one of Brazil's largest economic sectors, and is forecasted to grow by an
average of 3.2% annually between 2015 and 2019.
Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of coffee, sugar and frozen concentrate orange
juice, and the second for soybeans, tobacco, beef and poultry.
Agriculture represents 5.5% of the Brazilian economy and employees 15% of the workforce,
approximately 10 million people. Brazil is often called as a food basket of the world and for good
reason, many of the products you take for granted are actually produced in Brazil.
E–Governance:
E–government is becoming increasingly crucial to Brazil's development as the country needs to
improve the efficiency of transport and logistics.
E–government solutions facilitate trade, both internationally and within the vast country, and it is
help to speed up processes, thereby increasing the ease of doing the business.
Major imports of Brazil:
Particulars Of Total Imports (%)
Crude oil 6.2%
Automotives 5.3%
Liquid oils 3.5%
Auto parts 2.8%
Drugs and medicine 2.6%
Naphtha 2.1%

Electronic components 1.9%
Bituminous coal 1.9%
Reception and transmission parts 1.6%
Potassium chloride 1.5%
Major exports of Brazil
Particulars Of Total Exports (%)
Ores, slag and ash 12.6%
Mineral fuels including oil 11.2%
Oil seed 10.4%
Meat 6.8%
Machinery 5.7%
Vehicles excluding trains and streetcars 4.4%
Sugar, sugar confectionery 4.3%
Iron and

The Critique Of Gopinath Mohanty
Gopinath Mohanty stands out from among the novelists of the post–independence generation for his
epic saga of a traditional way of life being reshaped by modernity. His works Paraja, Amrutara
Santana and Danapani not only marked the acme of social realism; they also pushed prose fiction
beyond the limits of realism. G. Mohanty, is considered one of the most significant Oriya novelists
of the twentieth century. He is the first Oriya recepient of the prestigious Jnanpith Award in 1974.
Among his novels published during the forties, the most widely read and acclaimed novels are
Dadibudha in 1944, Paraja in 1946, Harijana in 1948 and Amrutara Santana, published in 1949.
Three of these novels revolve around the lives, customs and rituals of tribal communities and it is
chiefly this element of his fiction which has earned for him fame and recognition at the national
level. Gopinath Mohanty has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Parajas are one of the well–known major tribes of Orissa. The name "Paraja" came from
Sanskrit and means "common people". The Parajas in general are strong, stout and hardworking:
compact with other tribal communities, they show some cultural differences especially in respect of
their settlement pattern, dress and ornaments, economic life, beliefs and worship, manners, customs,
and folk traditions. They are simple, friendly and hospitable but like to remain aloof from the people
of other communities as they feel shy of them. Men of these tribe usually wear loincloth and napkins
and women wear cheap and coarse

Negative Effects Of British Imperialism
Debate: The negative effects of British imperialism in India
Name:
Asma Tareq Ali 201412343
Jamila Ahmed 201513071
Mariam Abdul–Aziz 201505163
Lamyaa Humaid 201614558 Khadega Omar 201303587
Alia Mohammed 201608913
Jawaher Mahmoud 201415600
Teacher: Ximena
Section: 009
British imperialism was very harmful to the Indian community, they tried to desolate their religion
and control over India for their own benefits. For example, The Sepoy was comprised of Indian
troopers. There were both Hindus and Muslims. By 1857 numerous sepoys had been utilized in the
British Army. The rifles cartridges that the Sepoy were committed to utilizing needed to have a
cover evacuated. To evacuate the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, India was a rich country, but India's economy does not growth economically when British
ruled India. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which mean all products and service produce in a
year. The GDP was 22% in India before British ruled India while the GDP decreased to 2%when
British ruled India. The reasons for decreasing the GDP are British controlling over Indian trade and
businesses. Indian local manufactures products became very cheap in British. For example, British
buys products of India at the low price, such as cotton. India import products or material from
British. However, British does not buy any goods from Indian people. That lead to decrease the
Industries in India. For instance, handmade cloth industry, metal, carpentry, and clock–making are
some of the industries that decrease when British rule over India. Also, British sold some of the
India products to another country without giving India any profit. For example, British sold some
India material to China without giving money to India. That lead to destroying India economy and
India cannot support themselves because British control trade and businesses (Acharya,

Tata Steel Corporate Social Responsibility
As a responsible corporate citizen, the Company supports the "Green Initiative" taken up by the
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, enabling electronic delivery of documents and discouraging paper for
official purposes. Safety, Health and Environment Committee of the Company follows the Green
Initiative and tries to contribute in saving nature as much as they can.
CASE ANALYSIS:
PART – I
March 3 was a special day – the 150th birth anniversary of Jamshedji Tata, founder of Tata steel
company. The day was intended to be grand celebration but turned out to be a disaster as fire broke
into the party venue.
The fire came into noticed when it was spread to the false ceiling under the tarpaulin. The
management people announced that people should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tata Steel, Company Profile http://www.tatasteel.com/
Tata Steel Europe Limited, Sustainability: Our Communities
https://www.tatasteeleurope.com/en/sustainability/communities
Tata Steel, Annual Report 2015–16, Annexure 3 – Corporate Social Responsibility Activities
http://www.tatasteel.com/investors/annual–report–2015–16/html/corporate–social–responsibility–
activities.html
Tata Steel (2001, August 10), Tata Relief Committee Provides Relief to Orissa Flood Victims
http://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/press–releases/india/2001/tata–relief–committee–
provides–relief–to–orrisa–flood–victims/
Tata Steel (2017, November 7), Tata Steel at Noamundi facilitates hockey training for girls in
association with Hockey Australia http://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/press–
releases/india/2017/tata–steel–at–noamundi–facilitates–hockey–training–for–girls–in–association–
with–hockey–australia/
Tata Steel (2010, June 4), Tata Steel unveils Nationwide Environment Awareness Campaign
"Greenfection"

The Pros And Cons Of Decentralization In India
argued that the PRI are unable to function to their potential due to fiscal and administrative
autonomy is minimum under PRI. Prior to the 73rd amendment, there have been attempts at
decentralization in India but have vastly failed in various states due to the vested interests of the
bureaucracy and state politicians. These vested interests of the powerful in state still pose a threat to
the decentralized setup because it establishes dominance of the powerful in state bureaucracy and
leads to incidences of corruption as currently witnessed in India.
THE DEVOLUTION INDEX IN INDIA
The devolution index of the PRI indicates the achievements of states in effective function of the
Panchayati ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this view, poverty reduction, especially in rural areas plays a crucial part. The dimensions of
poverty reduction in terms of decentralization are preconditioned to democratization, higher
sensitivity to local needs and higher community participation. Decentralization in India has the
capacity and worked well in terms of administrative devolution but to reap the full benefits of it, it
needs to be associated with broad based, multidimensional policies with fiscal devolution and higher
participation by the people.
Political participation is an important aspect of freedoms entitled to individuals and should not be
overlooked. Political freedom is one aspect wherein everyone gets a similar chance to voice their
opinions and choices unless the system is weakened by corruption and weak linkages. Eliminating
multilevel inefficiencies like that in bureaucracy and market would certainly lead to better standard
of living for all. Poverty which creates a domino effect on other aspects of life can be drastically
reduced through political empowerment which is provided to the most vulnerable spaces i.e. the
rural

Who Is A Child? Essay
Who Is a Child?
Clarity is missing even on the basic understanding of who is a child. The United Nations
Convention on Rights of the Child (UNCRC) defines any individual below 18 years of age as a
child. While the Juvenile Justice Act in our country considers persons below 14 years of age to be
children, the RTE Act 2009 narrows the definition down to persons between six to 14 years. Though
the act expresses interest in taking necessary steps in providing free pre–school education for
children above three years of age, leaving out this critical segment of the child population from the
definition is worrisome. Not only does the act fail to cover all children, it does not provide definite
timelines for many provisions.
Definition of Tribes:
D.N Majumdar defines tribe as a social group with territorial affiliation, endogamous with no
specialization of functions ruled by tribal officers hereditary or otherwise, united in language or
dialect recognizing social distance with other tribes or castes. According to Ralph Linton tribe is a
group of bands occupying a contiguous territory or territories and having a feeling of unity deriving
from numerous similarities in a culture, frequent contacts and a certain community of interests. T.B
Naik has given the following features of tribes in Indian context:– A tribe should have least
functional interdependence within the community. It should be economically backward (i.e.
primitive means of exploiting natural resources, tribal

Essay On Fdi
FDI to India has increased significantly in the last decade. However, the growth in FDI flows has
been accompanied by strong regional concentration. The findings of the study reveal that market
size, agglomeration effects and size of manufacturing and services base in a state have significant
positive impact on the regional distribution of FDI flows in India. The impact of taxation and cost of
labour is negative. While the impact of quality of labour is ambiguous, infrastructure, however, has
a significant positive impact on FDI flows. Mining has a positive influence on FDI flows, but lacks
statistical significance. The presence of strong agglomeration effect indicates that the states already
rich in FDI flows tend to receive more of them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This implies foreign investors' preference for states with a strong industrial base. Therefore, it is
essential for the less industrially developed states to catch up with the developed ones to attract
larger share of FDI flows. The National Manufacturing Policy (NMP), recently announced by the
Government of India is a welcome step and may help in this direction if properly implemented. The
equity and distributive justice would be best fulfilled if under the NMP, the Government gives top
priority to the states with lower industrial base to give them a chance of catching up with the others.
Third, the services sector has attracted a large share of FDI flows to India in the recent period. The
econometric analysis also reveals that services sector has a significant positive impact on FDI flows.
In addition, growth of the services sector can create more employment for skilled, semi–skilled and
unskilled people. It has been observed that in the recent period, it is the IT/BPO services which has
created the largest job opportunity in India and not the manufacturing industries. Therefore, apart
from providing a boost to the manufacturing sector, it is equally important to provide a boost to the
services sector, which spans the value chain from low–end localized services to the most
sophisticated globallycompetitive intellectual property based services. Accordingly, the
manufacturing

Essay On Orissa
Orissa Tribal Tour Orissa is an amazing land known for its ethnicity and cultural heritage. If you are
looking to interact with the traditional culture, practices and the people then there is no other better
place than Orissa to travel and spend your vacation. Orissa is called as the homeland of tribes, there
are 62 types of tribes which constitutes 29% of its population. With this you can clearly know that
Orissa is one land that is rich in culture as well as modernization of thoughts of practices. The Orissa
tribal tour includes the travelling to these little villages, interacting with their people and getting to
know about their practices. The tour includes visiting weekly markets, fun fairs, trekking, hiking and
many other adventures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Travelling through the green forests of Orissa, you will reach the tribal area. The lunch will either be
in Lungola Street restaurant or Lunch Box. On the way, you will be halting at the traditional village
of "Taptapani" which is renowned for the "hot sulfur springs" and also rich in the culture and
ethnicity of Saura Tribal Villages. The journey will continue to Rayagada and stay will be in a 3 star
hotel in Rayagada.
Day 6: Rayagada – Bisamkatak – Rayagada: The day will start with the visit to Bisamkatak to visit
the weekly market Majhiguda where the tribes from the Dongoriya Kondh come to sell their wares.
They are the tattoo faced tribes who are developing rich in the irrigation, medical facilities,
plantation, and handicrafts and have been adopting modern culture. In the noon, you will be visiting
some of the traditional villages of artisans and craftsmen and evening return back to Rayagada for
overnight stay and dinner.
Day 7: Rayagada – Chatikona –

The British East India Company
The British East India Company was an English and later (from 1707) British joint–stock company
formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian
subcontinent.
The East India Company traded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpetre, tea and opium.
Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats. The government owned
no shares and had only indirect control. The Company eventually came to rule large areas of India
with its own private army, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions.
Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey and lasted until 1858
when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Mughal convoy included the treasure–laden Ganj–i–Sawai, reported to be the greatest in the
Mughal fleet and the largest ship operational in the Indian Ocean, and its escort, the Fateh
Muhammed. They were spotted passing the straits en route to Surat. The pirates gave chase and
caught up with the Fateh Muhammed some days later, and meeting little resistance, took some
£50,000 to £60,000 worth of treasure.
The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and his allies fought against the British East India Company
during his early years (1760–1764), he only accepted the protection of the British in the year 1803,
after he was blinded by his enemies and deserted by his subjects.
The Company continued to experience resistance from local rulers during its expansion. Robert
Clive led company forces against Siraj Ud Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, Bihar,
and Midnapore district in Orissa to victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, resulting in the conquest
of Bengal. This victory estranged the British and the Mughals, since Siraj Ud Daulah was a Mughal
feudatory ally.
With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo–Maratha wars, the
British also secured Ganges–Jumna Doab, the Delhi–Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach,
some districts of Gujarat, fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included
Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Orissa,

Company Profile Of National Thermal Power Plant Essay
CHAPTER–1 COMPANY PROFILE National Thermal Power Plant, Kahalgaon
Fig 1.1 Company Logo [1]
1.1 INRODUCTION
NTPC, the largest power Company in India, was setup in 1975 to accelerate power development in
the country. It is among the world's largest and most efficient power generation companies. In
Forbes list of World's 2000 Largest Companies for the year 2007, NTPC occupies 411th place.
NTPC has installed capacities of 29,394 MW. It has 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW), 7
gas based power stations (3,955 MW) and 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW). The
company has power generating facilities in all major regions of the country. It plans to be a 75,000
MW company by 2017.
Fig 1.2 Company's Production Graph [2]
NTPC has gone beyond the thermal power generation. It has diversified into hydro power, coal
mining, power equipment manufacturing, oil & gas exploration, power trading & distribution.
NTPC is now in the entire power value chain and is poised to become an Integrated Power Major.
NTPC 's share on 31 Mar 2008 in the total installed capacity of the country was 19.1% and it
contributed 28.50% of the total power generation of the country during 2007–08. NTPC has
Fig 1.3 Company's Contributions in power Generation [3] set new benchmarks for the power
industry both in the area of power plant construction and operations with its experience and
expertise in the power sector, NTPC is extending

A Brief Note On Inter Agency Coordination And...
Abstract The primary aim of all agencies involved in disaster relief is to help people and reduce
human suffering. But due to the participation of multiple agencies from wide backgrounds, with
different interests, visions and financial capability, proper coordination and collaboration between
the parties involved, remains a point of concern. Little or zero pre disaster collaboration is found
between nodal agencies. The sudden onset of a disastrous event and unpredictability of immediate
responders, often result in requirement of large scale post disaster partnership between agencies. The
paper intends to focus on the degree to which inter–agency coordination and collaborations impact
the success of a humanitarian relief operation and thereby asserting the need of association and
teamwork both pre and post disaster. Introduction and purpose of study The need for collaboration
between different actors working post disaster has been stressed time and again. In 2001 Gujrat
earthquake and 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, administrative collaboration led to proper disbursal of
relief materials, but lack of information between donating parties regarding the requirements lead to
wastage or shortage of relief materials. Coordination issues between administration and civic bodies
in post disaster phase came up in Bihar floods (2008), while failure of information disbursal
between authorities affected the victims in Uttarakhand flood (2013). Similar issues were observed
in Nepal earthquake

Iron and S
teelIRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Corporate Catalyst India
A report on Indian Iron and Steel Industry
OVERVIEW
1.1 Background The Indian iron and steel industry is nearly a century old, with Tata Iron & Steel Co
(Tata Steel) as the first integrated steel plant to be set up in 1907. It was the first core sector to be
completely freed from the licensing regime (in 1990–91) and the pricing and distribution controls.
The steel industry is expanding worldwide. For a number of years it has been benefiting from the
exceptionally buoyant Asian economies (mainly India and China). The economic modernization
processes in these countries are driving the sharp rise in demand for steel. The New Industrial policy
adopted by the Government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a growth of 4–5 per cent over the two–year period. However, according to IISI, the cost of
raw materials and energy was to continue to represent a major challenge for the world's steel
industry. Higher production of value–added products, capacity expansion, upgradation of production
process achieveing cost effective production in an environment friendly manner, have been the
major thrust areas of the Indian Iron and steel producers in the recent times. After liberalization,
there have been no shortages of iron and steel materials in the country. 1.4.1 Production of Carbon
Steel The total production of finished carbon steel in the country has been 42.636 million tonnes in
2005–06 as compared to 29.77 million tonnes in 2000–01, indicating an average increase of 57 per
cent. The high share of the secondary sector in finished steel production is largely due to substantial
supplies of semis, the basic feed material from the main producers for conversion to needed shapes
by rolling.
Corporate Catalyst India
A report on Indian Iron and Steel Industry
Production Trend Pig Iron & Carbon Steel
50 In million tonnes 40 30 20 10 0 2002–03 2003–04 Pig Iron 5.3 3.8 3.3 33.7 37
40.1

42.6
18 3.9 1.7
2004–05
2005–06 2006–07*
Finished Carbon Steel
Source: Joint Plant

The Pros And Cons Of Poverty
Introduction
In the twenty first century, the most pressing issue swaying the practicality of global cumulative
development and prosperity, is poverty. For, in the world, still more than a billion of people live
below US$1.35 per day, while about 1.75 billion suffer from multidimensional poverty with lack of
health safety, economic opportunities, education and living standard (Cook: 2013; Dauda: 2017).
Looking back to history, there were also about a billion of people in the world living in miserable
destitution 200 years ago. The difference, obviously, lies in the rate of world population, which
accounted for about four out of five people in the past compared to one in five in the present
(Ravallion: 2016). Previously, poverty was viewed as simple as a low–income status that mostly
resides among the rural people. Sender (2003) goes even further encompassing the established
definition of 'poor' being usually farmers, self–employed, smallholders and female–headed small
farm households. But relentless researches in years have discovered that the 'poor in the urban areas
are more severely poor than the poor in the rural areas' (International Institute for Environment and
Development & United Nations Population Fund [IIED & UNFPA]: 2008; Boateng: 2006 & 2017).
And the dimension of poverty expands to deprivation of various aspects of human development;
even 'powerlessness and voicelessness, and vulnerability and fear' (World Bank: 2001). However,
apart from treating poverty as a

The Hindutva Movement: A Struggle Towards a “Hindu Secular...
"We must look after the Muslims and treat them as part of us." This seems like a pleasant statement
from Mr. Bal Thackeray, the leader of the Shiv Sena party and a proponent of the Hindutva
movement, but it hardly works to conceal the villainous face of the Hindu nationalistic movement he
follows. This movement aims to protect the interests of India by enhancing cohesion not only within
the Hindu classes but also with other religious communities present in the country. However, this
movement has numerous controversies attached to it, out of which, the razing of the Babri Mosque,
the land transfer in Kashmir and the Christian massacre in Orissa standout, underlining that this
movement is not to protect the secular India, but is for a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
VHP leader Paramhans Ramdas, on the other hand, announced in the public address system,
"Demolish the structure. You will never get another opportunity'. He also gave slogans "Give
another push and demolish the Masjid". He admitted these announcements during his interrogation
at the Commission (Business–standard.com). Apart from the VHP, Shiv Sena and the RSS have also
conceded their involvement in the Babri Mosque catastrophe (Business–standard.com;
Telegraph.co.uk).This event put a huge question mark over India's status as a secular state but there
was more to come from the Hindutvadis. The movement deeply sowed the seeds of conflict in
Kashmir as well. Here, the problem traces its roots to the annual Hindu pilgrimage, known as,
Amarnath yatra. According to an article by Gautama Navlakha in the Economic and Political
Weekly, "Amarnath yatra was, until recently, a little–known journey undertaken by small numbers
of Shaivite Hindus. As recently as 1989, only 12,000 pilgrims, in a country of nearly a billion
Hindus, undertook the pilgrimage" (qtd. in Rao). However, the Hindutvadis, over time, popularized
this yatra, like other Hindu nationalists had done in the past (Rao). This caused the number of
pilgrims to increase every year. They manifested the idea that the

An Investigative Study About Deregulation ( Restructuring...
An investigative Study about Deregulation (Restructuring) of Indian Power Sector Abstract: This
paper is a discussion about the introduction of restructuring and deregulation in Indian Power
System. In modern era, deregulation has an important impact on power sector. In this paper, recent
use of deregulation in Indian Power Sector has been described and measures to be taken in order to
improve deregulation are also suggested Key Words: Deregulation, Restructuring, Power Sector,
CERC, TSO,RLDC I. INTRODUCTION In current time, due to rise in power demand and supply, it
is not an easy task to manage the generation and cost concurrently for one single party. To reduce
monopoly of one organization and to provide quality and continue reliable power supply at
reasonable cost, it is essential to encourage competition in power market. This can be possible by
introducing restructuring and deregulation in electrical power sector. Deregulation involves
unbundling of different components of power system, availability of components for sale and also
forming new set of rules for operation and sales of electricity [1]. An main and important aspect of
deregulation is restructuring. Restructuring means unbundling of power system into both horizontal
and vertical components. Vertical integrated utilities are mainly broken up into three main
components, i.e. Generation, Transmission and Distribution [2]. This introduces competition in
generation, transmission open access with retail

Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, And Religion
Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes
freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and
in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Focus countries: China, India
China:
Religions in China: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity
Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, folk religion 21.9%, Hindu < .1%, Jewish < .1%,
other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.2% (14)
85 % of Chinese people are religious or did in the past, 15 % are true atheists (2)
31 % of non–religious people have taken part in Buddhist actions, and around 17 million people
have converted to Buddhism. This may be more accepted in part because it is the most popular
religion (2)
Atheism is the most popular religiously affiliated idea (4)
Church meetings in the province of Zhejiang are disrupted and stopped by the government, the
meetings are thought to be threats when tourists or media are involved in them (4)
In January, the pastor of China's largest Protestant Church, Joseph Gu was arrested after he protested
the government's campaign to remove crosses from churches (11)
"It's unprecedented persecution against the Church, where church leaders are going to prison, are
being sent to mental institutions, are being beaten and tortured and where crosses have been forcibly
removed from now over 1,800 churches

Analysis Of Hunger By Jayanta Mahapatra
During the ancient period women enjoyed high status and played a significant role in society and a
feminine term "Shakti" literally means "power and strength". Literary evidence suggests that kings
and towns were destroyed because the rulers troubled a single woman. Ilango Adigal's
Sillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because Pandyan
Nedunchezhiyan mistakenly did harm to Kannaki. But the status and role of woman discriminated in
the later periods and they were considered to be the weaker sex, food giver and sex object. Her
status and dignity as a woman is not accepted in society as well as at home. Our history reveals
many instances how she is meted out injustice, deprived of her basic needs and even fundamental
rights. From the position of a deity she is degraded into a prostitute who sells her body for money
due to miserable living condition, poverty and starvation. Such survival sex can be vividly seen in
Jayanta Mahapatra's poem "Hunger". The poem presents a sentimental touching story of a fifteen
year old girl who becomes a whore to keep starvation at bay with the consent of her father– a poor
fisher man. Here her father himself acts as a pimp because hunger reigns over the father– daughter
relationship. The poem is an unapologetic commentary on our society, i.e., how a girl of fifteen, who
should be given a safe environment to live, is used for satiates the hunger of so–called moralistic
and upright civilized society. The poem also

Role of UNICEF and the International Labour Organization...
Introduction This paper deals with the role of transnational actors like UNICEF and the International
Labour Organization (ILO) in the working children's movement. It examines the role of
development communication in empowering working children, and its impact on the movement.
The paper begins with a brief introduction to development, linking it with issues concerning
working children. It then goes into a brief overview of UNICEF and the ILO, and talks about the
role of each in the international working children's movement. It evaluates one program executed by
each of the organizations in dealing with a development situation, in terms of intent and purpose,
policies and procedures, obstacles faced, and the outcome of each ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Development can be defined as a wide participatory process of social change in a society intended to
bring about both social and material advancement including greater equality, freedom and other
valued qualities for the majority of the people through gaining greater control over their
environment (Everett Rogers, 1976, Moemeka, Pg.8). I believe that development needs to start at
the grassroots, and it needs to begin with children. This is not to say that this is the only kind of
development that needs to take place, but this is the best kind of development for the future, as it is a
fresh learning process vs. an 'undoing old methods and re–learning' process. Issues concerning
children therefore need to be addressed immediately. Child labour is one of the primary concerns in
developing countries. Child labour has been defined by the ILO as all economic activities carried
out by persons less than 15 years of age (regardless of occupational status, wage–earners, own–
account workers, unpaid family workers etc.) Child labour is illegal in most countries, especially
bonded labour as well as those situations which involve children working in dangerous and
hazardous environments. Children are often engaged in work that is detrimental to their emotional,
psychological as well as physical well being, as in the case of prostitution. According to a 1997
estimate there are about 250 million

PEST Analysis: Pest Analysis Of Tata Steel
Analysis of Tata Steel
Tata Steel, established in 1907, is one of the world's most geographically diversified steel producers,
with operations in 26 countries and commercial offices in over 35 countries. Tata Steel, part of the
Tata group, based in Mumbai, has exploits in various categories including tea, automobiles,
communications, power and salt. It is estimated that the Tata Steel group produces 31million tonnes
of Steel per year. Tata steel is the second largest steel producer in Europe, with the level of global
steel production currently over 1bn tonnes, which is expected to increase to 1.5bn tonnes by 2015–
2020. To expand from India into the global marketplace Tata Steel has made numerous acquisitions
including Millennium Steel in 2005, Nat steel in 2004, and Corus Steel in 2007. Tata ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of their business expansion, Tata Steel made some high risk investments in countries such as
Bangladesh, Iran. For example: the plan set up in the Bangladesh is getting delayed by the question
of gas supply, whereas the issue of lease of the mining of the iron ore in the Iran country is
responsible for the increase in the cost of the production.
2. By improving the infrastructure of the country, Tata Steel and other steel companies can save
some amount, as they spend huge amounts on the freight and transportation.
3. There are no quantitative restrictions on import of iron and steel items. The only mechanism
regulating the imports is the tariff mechanism .Advance Licensing Scheme allows duty free import
of raw materials for exports. Iron and Steel industry has been included in the list of `high priority'
industries for automatic approval for foreign equity investment up to 100%. Price and distribution of
steel were deregulated from January 1992.
4. The government acts as a resource allocator (the mining policies of the Government), as
Competitor (the public sector steel companies) and as Regulator to TATA Steel.

Congress Rule 1937
Government of India Act, 1935:
The Government of India Act, 1935 was formulated after long deliberations but was not fully
promulgated but the only provincial part was introduced in the country, the central part was not
introduced. The British govt deliberated on it and then the British parliament passed this law and
then the king signed this law and this became the govt of India Act of 1935, under which the
elections of 1937 would be held elections were held. The Muslim League criticized this law for a
number of reasons and the same was the case with the Congress party but agreed to contest
provincial elections to make advantage of the opportunities being provided under the govt of India
Act.
The 1937 Elections:
Provincial elections were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Congress won 18 seats and the Akali Dal, 10.[8] In Bengal, though the Congress was the largest
party (with 52 seats), The Krishak Praja Party of A. K. Fazlul Huq(with 36 seats) was able to form a
coalition government.
[edit]The Muslim League
The election results were a blow to the League. After the election,Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the
League offered to form coalitions with the Congress. The League insisted that the Congress should
not nominate any Muslims to the ministries, as it (the League) claimed to be the exclusive
representative of Indian Muslims. This was not acceptable to the Congress, and it declined the
League's offer.
Projection of Congress:
The Congress projected itself as an all–India force representing all religions and factions of the
society. The Muslim League contested for the Muslim seats. The ML focused only on the Muslims
because it claimed to be the sole representative of the Muslims. There was a tough competition from
the other Muslim organizations in different provinces which were also claiming to be the
representatives of the Muslims. In this way the ML was not only competing with the Congress only
but with a number of other Muslim groups and political parties at the provincial level. The elections
were completed in February 1937. And if we look at the results of these elections we

Changes in the Structure of Employment in Rural Areas
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT IN RURAL AREAS K. Hanumantha Rao
Objectives (i) To study the emerging structural characteristics of the labour market in rural areas; (ii)
To examine the levels of and trends in employment and unemployment in the last three decades; (iii)
To understand the inter–relationships among economic growth–employment/unemployment and
wages, and (iv) To suggest policy and programme interventions on the basis of (i) to (iii).
Methodology The reference period of the study covering almost 25 years (1971 to 1993–94) include
a few epochs of agricultural and rural development viz., green revolution and post–green revolution
phases, era of poverty alleviation programmes and the early phase of die new ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The proportion of wage employed households was more or less constant and accounted for 30 per
cent of the total rural households. The Indian rural labour market is characterised by the
predominance of self and wage employed in agriculture. A rise in the share of agricultural labourers'
has been an universal phenomenon confirming the marginalisation phenomenon; however the
degree of increase varied across the states and over time. Furthermore, male workers joined the
ranks of agricultural labour and a reverse pattern i.e. rise in 'cultivator' category was observed
among female workers. Another disquieting feature has been the increasing degree of casualisation
among female labourers and falling trend in regular employment, while incidence of casual labour
was more among males. The regular employment was moderate in the case of females. The
percentage of self–employed male workers was more in the North–West region. The casualisation of
male labour was higher in South, West and East zones of India. As for female workers, there was an
inverse relation between self–employment and casualisation and in states with high poverty
incidence, the latter phenomenon has been on the rise. The wage rates were found to be low in
several states but were high in

Paragraph On Indian Theatre
1.2 Indian Theatre: A Brief Survey
1.2.1 Introduction
Indian theatre is one of the longest and amplest theatres in the world; it dated back to around 5000
years, as the other theatres in over the world Indian theatre emerged in the seasonal celebration and
religious ritual. Bharata's Natya Shastra was regarded to many Indian writers as the oldest and most
detailed in the dramaturgy context, where the origin of word drama in Sanskrit was derived from the
word "dance".? . The history of Indian theatre was existed in the excavations and historical records
in the ancient time; in one of the excavations there were two enormous epics which are The
Mahabharata and The Ramayana. So; the ancient tradition whether in the Western or Eastern world
has the same picture of performance in theatre which represents tradition though the philosophy in
Western world has the belief that there is no life after death whereas in Eastern world especially in
India life has the continuity even after the death there is existence of life. Indian theatre illustrated
idealistic view for life while the theatre in the West portrayed life as it is.
Indian theatre began in the Vedic period; it comprises the inseparable parts of drama ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Folk theatre is known through various names over India, like Nautanki in Uttra Pradesh, Jatra in
Bihar, Orissa and Bengal, Tamasha in Maharashtra and so on. "Nautanki is the popular form of
theatre in Northern India. The main purpose of the performance is to provide entertainment."
(Wadikar). This type of Folk theatre characterized by the simple language, it was focused on the
ritual role in the performance of the play. Tamasha is a form of theatre which can be performed
through travel and singing, it emerged in Maharashtra state in the 17th century; it was known as
theatre of humour, dancing, and sensual singing. Tamasha was one of the unusual theatre which let
the women to play main role in their

Fatmata Conteh Research Paper
Fatmata Conteh lay in a bed, bleeding from a tear in her cervix. She is in a hospital in the capital of
Sierra Leone, Freetown. Multiple nurses attempt to keep her alive with the few supplies they have.
They use the sound of her newborn baby's cry to try and encourage her. It is too late, Fatmata is
dead.
When a hospital does not have enough supplies or the correct supplies, it can cause problems for the
women who they are being used on. For example, in Sierra Leone women have a 1 in 8 chance of
dying from childbirth. The causes for this are usually infections, blood loss, already existing health
conditions that are worsened by childbirth, etc. Death during childbirth can be prevented with the
right equipment. The majority of deaths during childbirth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
That is almost thirty–five percent of all births. Along with all of the common issues, there are new
ones arising. For example, in Afghanistan there has been an increase in sales of over–the–counter
oxytocin which is an injectable hormone that can be used to stop postpartum bleeding and speed up
labor but can be deadly if given incorrectly. Finally, after millions of deaths and little government
action, the issue of maternal mortality is once and for all attracting attention. In July, at the G–8
summit of industrialized nations in Hokkaido, Japan, maternal deaths were acknowledged as an
important obstacle to development for the first time. It paid off and there has been progress in
multiple poor countries. For example, in Honduras maternal mortality rates dropped by about fifty
percent after rural clinics were opened and thousands of midwives were trained. In the Indian states
of Assam, Madhya Pradesh, and Orissa pregnant women were given financial assistance. In Sierra
Leone there were even fines set if a woman didn't give birth in a

Buddhism Religion
Buddhism is thought to have began in the 5th to 6th century BCE in north east india and is the belief
that humans, specifically the buddha, have or can obtain spiritual enlightenment. This enlightenment
is often called Dharma which translates to knowing how things truly are. Buddhism is often seen as
a philosophy or way of life. The buddhist philosophy is often summed up as, leading a moral life, to
be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions and to develop deep wisdom and understanding of the
world around you. Buddhism has remained successful and relevant as a missionary religion because
it has been able to adapt to drastically different cultural and political beliefs that are different from
its country of origin.
Siddhartha Gotama, who

Trend of Malaria in Odisha
Since ancient times, malaria has been posing a grave threat to the mankind in terms of morbidity,
mortality and economic adversity. This infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites from
Plasmodium family and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes, afflicts people from all age
groups across tropical and sub– tropical regions in the world[1]. Presently, malaria is endemic in
104 countries[2].Though, in the past decade the fight against this preventable disease has been
intensified worldwide and as a result , during 2000–2012 the global malarial mortality and incidence
rates have declined by about 42% and 25% respectively; this deadly disease has still inflicted an
estimated 207 million cases and taken 627 000 lives around the world while leaving nearly 3.4
billion people at risk of contracting the infection in 2012[3].
India, being a malaria endemic zone, confronts this protozoan disease perennially[4]. India's wide–
spread geography, ecological diversity and climatic variability make it an ideal place for malaria
parasites and their vectors to sustain[5].Currently, about 95% of the 1.21 billion population of India
is at risk of malarial infection [6, 7]. An estimated 1.5 million cases and 1000 deaths are attributed to
malaria annually in this region[6, 8]. In year 2012, India contributed about 52% of the total cases out
of the 2 million confirmed malaria cases in South– East Asia [3]. However, in the last decade, India
has made good progress in controlling the

The Definition Of Noise Pollution
A. Noise Pollution
If we define Noise in a layman language, it is nothing but a disturbance which come out of result of
activities by Human being. There are many classic definition of Noise and thereby caused noise
pollution but this is apt to understand the importance of emerging issue which has not been
addressed from so long.
Noise is an outcome of developments. There is difference between "Sound" and "Noise". As we
differentiate both, Noise turns out to be something which is not desirable and completely unwanted
by people who bear it. Unlike noise, sound is not a disturbance. When the sound becomes
unreasonable, it becomes noise.
Noise is a result of energy which is transmitted by cyclic series of compressions and rare fractions
from a surface which has vibration in itself. The energy which comes out is the mechanical energy.
Through whichever material it would pass, it would cause Noise in that too.
The above stated is the simple definition of NOISE but legally if we want to define Noise, It is
different for different people. Legally, Noise pollution can be defined as:
When a person contaminates the atmosphere with the unreasonable sound which is also wrongful in
nature and thereby which interferes or infringes other human being's rights such as right to be left
alone ( Which has been recently inculcated by Supreme court in Right to Privacy) and the freedom
to live his life by his own choice with less noise.
But our Law does not give undue advantage to one and

History of Social Relations in India
Caste and gender equations in Indian history
No aspect of Indian history has excited more controversy than India 's history of social relations.
Western indologists and Western–influenced Indian intellectuals have seized upon caste divisions,
untouchability, religious obscurantism, and practices of dowry and sati as distinctive evidence of
India 's perennial backwardness. For many Indologists, these social ills have literally come to define
India – and have become almost the exclusive focus of their writings on India.
During the colonial period, it served the interests of the British (and their European cohorts) to
exaggerate the democratic character of their own societies while diminishing any socially redeeming
features of society ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, we find no evidence of caste–like discrimination in societies where land was
collectively owned and jointly cultivated, or where goods and services were exchanged within the
village on the basis of barter, and there was no premium assigned to any particular type of work. All
services and all forms of human labor were valued equally. Such village communes may have once
existed throughout India and some appear to have survived until quite recently – especially in the
hills, (such as in parts of Himachal and the North East, including Assam and Tripura), but also in
Orissa and parts of Central India. In such societies, we also see little evidence of gender
discrimination.
In India, caste and gender discrimination appear to become more pronounced with the advent of
hereditary and authoritarian ruling dynasties, a powerful state bureaucracy, the growth of selective
property rights, and the domination of Brahmins over the rural poor in agrahara

Paragraph On Jagannath
Natalie G. Valdez
Ms. Vining
World History, 7th
6 October 2017
Jagannath
Hinduism is one of many religions found in India. They worship many gods and deities. Some big,
some small. But one of their biggest and most important gods is Jagannath. Jagannath or Jagannatha
is a deity worshiped in traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism. 'Jagannath' literally means "Lord of
the Universe". "The story starts with Krishna, who was severely injured by the arrow of a hunter
named Jara. His cousin, Arjuna, rushed from Hastinapur to save him, but he was too late. By the
time he arrived, Krishna had already left his mortal, human body and ascended to "heaven", also
known as Vaikuntha. His beautiful body lay underneath a tree, surrounded by animals. Whatever
was left, despite its beauty, was cremated. Everything was consumed by fire except his heart, which
was thrown into the sea. It transformed into a beautiful image named Nilamadhava and was found
by a tribe in Orissa who enshrined it in a cave. When King Indradyumna heard of this relic, he
decided to build a temple that he felt was more suited for God. The job of guarding Nilamadhava
from the tribals was given to Indradyumna's smartest courtier, Vidyapati. Knowing that
Nilamadhava was jealously guarded, Vidyapati came up with a plan to find its hiding place. The
chief of the tribals, Vishwavasu, had a daughter named Lalita. Vidyapati successfully seduced Lalita
but refused to marry her unless as dowry he was given a

The Principles Of Natural Justice
Introduction
The Supreme Court of Canada has defined natural justice as "fair play in action". The natural justice
ensures that the justice is done to both the parties involved in the dispute. The natural justice
consists of equality before law, right to be heard and no one should be a judge in his own case.
These fundamental principles have been followed over the centuries by the courts to ensure justice
to who seek.
In the case of Rasik Lal v Kishore (2009) 4 SCC 446 the Supreme Court has held that "Principles of
natural justice is not a `mantra' to be applied in vacuum in all cases. The question as to what extent,
the principles of natural justice are required to be complied with, will depend upon the facts of the
case. They are not required ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are– no man shall be a judge in his own cause, no man shall be punished unheard and no
arbitrary action. The best example of violation of natural justice is to be seen in the case of Maneka
Gandhi Vs Union of India. In this case the authorities concerned did not provide the reasons for
impounding of the passport and this too is done without giving any opportunity of being heard. The
Income–Tax Act, 1961 also contains many explicit provisions which provide for the principles of
natural justice. The example is section 142(3). But in many other places it does not provide for these
principles explicitly. In these places the courts have interpreted in such a way that these principles
are read into them. The case of GKN driveshafts is a example.
In the case of administrative actions, these are not bound by the principles of natural justice unless
specified within the statute itself. In the case of State of Orissa Vs. Binapani Dei & ors, 1967 AIR
1269 the Supreme court has held that "It is true that the order is administrative in character, but even
an administrative order which involves civil consequences as already stated must be made
consistently with the rules of natural

Detailing of Posco Project
A land acquisition drive for a Posco steel mill in Orissa's Jagatsinghpur district, which was
scheduled to start on Monday, has failed to take off.
"The work was to recommence today. But due to unavoidable reasons, it could not be taken up. It'll
start soon," Paradip additional district magistrate Surajit Das said.
The land acquisition work had been suspended in the area after violent protests on 10 June 2011.
The state government has acquired about 2,000 acres for the project and requires an additional 700
acres for the project to start.
The district administration had sought cooperation of local villagers to acquire the additional 700
acres of forest land for the South Korean steel firm.
After a wait of seven long years, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It now wants to set up two 4 MT steel units
The Supreme Court today slammed the Odisha government for favouring Posco over others in
granting prospective licence for Kandahar mines.
Geomin, geological and mineral resource management services provider, had alleged that the state
government overlooked other companies including Jindal steel and chose Posco. The company
challenged the state's govt decision in Orissa High Court, which in 2010 cancelled the prospective
license (PL) for Posco and asked the state government to reconsider all applications all over again.
Unhappy with the HC ruling that stopped short of granting the license to it, Geomin moved the
supreme Court, which began hearing the appeal today.
Geomin said it had applied for the license in 1991, while Posco sought it only in 2005. On the other
hand, the Odisha government contested in the court that Posco was the best among all applicants.
Hearing the plea, the Supreme Court observed: "Is it the way of assessing comparative merit? These
are great natural resources. Their best use must be ensured. Merely because someone is big, other
players can't be disallowed. That means no one else can play. The big will become bigger and the
bigger, (become) biggest. The 'big' factor has influenced the entire

Scepticism By Jayanta Mahapatra
Scepticism is the questioning attitude towards knowledge, facts, or accepted beliefs. This doubt as to
the truth of something is basis of scepticism. Modern religious skepticism which undertakes to
doubting given religious beliefs highlights on scientific and historical methods or evidence. Jayanta
Mahapatra, the poet is a rare combination of physicist poet; his cerebral cortex is physics while his
mental make up is poetry. The poet, the maker comprehended the ground reality of life, the law of
life, the physics of living and his knowledge of physics shaped his poetry. He took to writing poetry
in his forties when most other poets would have been a success story. Yet, he was not late for his
poetic journey. In poem after poem Mahapatra explored ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This note of scepticism is informed by his training as a physicist and a sense of isolation from the
dominant cultural mores and manners. From his grand father's side he was a "Rice Christian" (In
time of terrible famine and starvation the family took shelter in a Christian mission and in the
process accepted the new faith). Christians in Cuttack are a small community unique on their own.
Being born in such a miniature community the poet feels isolated from the dominant cultural belief,
manners and mores of the Hindus. A sense of isolation and scepticism and rings through his poetry
probably issues of out of this biographical fact. This would help to explain the poet's attitude to
wards culture and tradition. His response is authentic, something that is expected from an Indian. To
recall the words of critics like Panikar:
Mahapatra's concern of the vision of belief and loss, dejection and rejection are typically Indian.
Jayanta Mahapatra's poetry is a pondering interrogative poetry. He interrogates faith, a way of life
and sometimes a whole tradition. "Dawn at Puri", a poem from Mahapatra's "A Rain of Rites"
describes the last rites of a woman in the cremation ground of 'Swargadwar' in Puri. There is an
oblique hint at the popular Hindu belief that Swargadwar, the sacred city is a gateway to heaven.
The speaker pays homage to his dead mother being consigned to flames as it was her last wish to be
cremated here. The poem

Global Warming And Its Effects Essay
Student's Name
Professor's Name
Course
Date of Submission
Global Warming
The term global warming refers to the rise in average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It refers
to temperature increase that is large enough to induce changes in the global climate. Global warming
is analogous to the modern greenhouse effect, which refers to the rise in the amount of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere. As a result of this, there is an increase of solar radiation, which leads to the
rapid rise in the overall earth's temperature (Morgan114). Global warming has become the major
climatic topic of conversation in this 21stcentury. This is due to the fact that it has brought
disastrous effects to limelight by causing environmental disasters. Some of the major environmental
catastrophe includes the huge floods common in some of the nations, severe drought, and the
devastating cyclone throughout the world.
Scientists have argued that the mean global temperature has significantly fluctuated compared to the
previous millennium. Moreover, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have varied compared to
the previous atmospheric records. The uniformity of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
rapidly crossed all the past stored weather records. India is among top ten countries in the world in
terms of incurred damages, loss of lives and economic crisis experienced as a result of expeditious
climatic change(Chaffin, 275). Thus, before focussing on the detailed assessment of the global

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