This document provides an introduction to MATLAB and its basic features. It discusses MATLAB windows and commands, simple math operations, arrays and matrices, M-file scripts and functions, set functions, base conversion functions, precision functions, and data analysis functions. The document serves as an overview of MATLAB's main capabilities for mathematical modeling and simulation.

1. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation
Introduction To MATLAB
Prof. Muhammad Saeed

2. Basic Features
 MATLAB Windows
1. Command ( << )
2. Command History
3. Workspace
4. Current Directory
5. Editor
6. Profiler
7. Help
 Simple Math in Command Window
1. Operators: +, -, *, /, , ^
2. Variables: ans, pi, inf, NaN, i, j, realmin, realmax,
……, user-defined
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3. 3. Precision: significant digits and formats
a) ‘format short’, ‘format short e’and ‘format short g’
b) ‘format long’, ‘format long e’,’ format long g’
c) ‘format hex’
d) ‘format bank’
e) ‘format +’
4. Complex numbers
a) ‘imag()’, ‘real()’, ‘abs()’ and ‘angle()’
 Display and Help
1. ‘who’ , ‘whos’, clear, clear a*, clear –regexp, clc,
disp, ver, version, diary, commands
2. Comments in MATLAB (%)
3. Ellipses ( … ) and ‘;’ at the end of commands
4. Built-in Functions and Help using fx, start and
Help
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4. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation 4

5. ….. Arrays and Matrices
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation 5

6. ….. Arrays and Matrices
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation 6

7. ….. Arrays and Matrices
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8.  Basic Matrix Functions
1. rank(a)
2. inv(A)
3. Ay, solves set of linear equations, A is a matrix and y is
a vector
4. det(A)
5. eig(A), [v d]=eig(A) calculates eigen values and eigen
vectors
6. trace(A)
10. sp=sparse(A),
11. full(sp)
12. or(a,b)
13. xor(a,b)
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9.  M-File Scripts
1. Specific Functions used in M-Files:
echo, disp, input, keyboard, pause, pause(n),
waitforbuttonpress
2. All functions and control statements of MATLAB can
be used in script files.
3. Extension is ‘m’ ( file.m )
4. M-File directly runs on the command line ( >>) as simple
statements do. It is evaluated in MATLAB workspace.
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10.  M-File Functions
1. Function name must be identical to M-File name.
2. Function start with ‘function’ keyword and ends with
‘end’ keyword
3. 1st line in M-File must be the function declaration
4. The ‘error’ and ‘warning’ functions in the M-File are
like ‘sprintf ‘
5. Script file called in a function is evaluated in function
workspace
6. Subfunctions are called from the 1st function’s body
7. Help for subfunction can be displayed by
>>helpwin func/subfunc
8. Functions can have zero input or zero output arguments.
9. Functions can be called with fewer input and output
arguments than are specified in the function definition
but not with more arguments than specified.
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11. ……….. M-File Functions
10. Function arguments can be determined by two variables:
nargin and nargout.
11. The first set of contiguous comment lines after the
function declaration are the help text for the function
12. The ‘return’ statement is not necessary.
13. Script file called in a function is evaluated in function WS
14. Unlimited number of input and output arguments by
specifying ‘varargin’ as the last argument and
‘varargout’ for output arguments.
15. ‘pcode’ command compiles the function
16. Functions can be nested.
17. One-Line‘inline’ functions can be defined as in C
(by #define)
18. Anonymous functions are defined by handles .
19. Handles of MATLAB functions can also be created
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12.  Set Functions
1. isequal(a, b), compares as a whole
2. unique(a), removes duplications
3. ismember(a,b), ismember(a,’xyz’), element by
element
4. union(a,b), must be rows or columns
5. intersect(a,b)
6. diff(a)
 Base Conversion Functions
1. dec2bin(x), bin2dec(x)
2. dec2hex(x), hex2dec(x)
3. dec2base(x, base), base2dec(x, base)
 Precision Functions
digits(n), vpa(pi), vpa(x, d), vpa(‘pi’)
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13.  Data Analysis
1. mean(a), for a 2D matrix each rows s mean will be
calculated.
2. mean(a,1), row values are averaged
3. mean(a,2), column values are averaged
4. median(a)
4. std(a), standard deviation
5. var(a), Variance
5. cov(a), covariance
6. corrcoef(a), correlation coefficient
7. diff(a), rows are subtracted
8. min(a)
9. max(a)
10. cumsum(a)
11. cumprod(a)
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14. End
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