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HEMIJSKI
SASTAV CELIJE
2.NEORGANSKI SASTAV
1)VODA
CINI BITNU KOMPONENTU ZIVIH SISTEMA.OKO 70-80% NJIHOVE GRADJE CINI VODA(IZUZETAK SU KOSTI,ZUBI,HITIN,...).SA STARENJEM
ORGANIZMA PROCENAT VODE OPADA.VODA JE NEOPHODNA ZA ODRZAVANJE AKTIVNOSTI CELIJE I NJENO NORMALNO FUNKCIONISANJE
. ONA JE UNIVERZALNI RASTVARAC I SREDISTE ZA DESAVANJE SVIH HEMIJSKIH PROCESA U ORGANIZMU.
*KOLICINA VODE U CELIJAMA COVEKA ZAVISI OD:
-STAROSTI (SA STAROŠCU CELIJA OPADA I KOLICINA VODE U NJIMA),
-VRSTE TKIVA (KRVNO TKIVO IMA VECU KOLICINU VODE OD NPR. MASNOG TKIVA);
-METABOLICKE AKTIVNOSTI CELIJE (AKTIVNIJE CELIJE IMAJU VIŠE VODE),
-POLA (ŽENE IMAJU MANJE VODE OD MUŠKARACA).
2)NEORGANSKE SOLI
NEORGANSKE SOLI SU TAKODJE VEOMA ZASTUPLJENE U CELIJAMA, A NJIHOVI KATJONI I ANJONI SU NEOPHODNI ZA ODRŽAVANJE
BIOLOŠKIH STRUKTURA (GRADIVNA ULOGA) I BIOLOŠKU AKTIVNOST JEDINJENJA (METABOLICKA ULOGA). NAJZASTUPLJENIJI KATJONI SU
K+, NA+, CA++, A MEDJU ANJONIMA SU TO HLORIDI, KARBONATI, BIKARBONATI I FOSFATI. NA+ I K+ OBEZBEDJUJU POLARIZOVANOST
MEMBRANA NERVNIH I MIŠICNIH CELIJA, A TIME I NJIHOV NORMALAN RAD. MEDJU ANJONIMA NAJVAŽNIJI SU FOSFATI JER
PREDSTAVLJAJU OSNOVNE OBLIKE IZ KOJIH SE KORISTI ENERGIJA (IZGRADJUJU ATP – ADENOZINTRIFOSFAT). KARBONATI I BIKARBONATI
IMAJU ULOGU PUFERA, ODNOSNO, REGULIŠU STALNOST PH VREDNOST VODENOG RASTVORA. (PRI PADU PH VREDNOSI ISPOD 7 COVEK
MOŽE DA ŽIVI SAMO NEKOLIKO MINUTA.)
MINERALNE MATERIJE ORGANIZAM NE STVARA SAM , VEC IH UNOSI HRANOM. RADI RAZUMEVANJA ZNACAJA OVIH MATERIJA BICE
NAVEDENE ULOGE NEKIH NAJBITNIJIH:
*FE(GVOŽDJE) JE VEOMA VAŽAN SASTOJAK HEMOGLOBINA; NEDOSTATAK GVOŽDJA U ORGANIZMU OMETA NORMALNO STVARANJE CRVENIH
KRVNIH ZRNACA, ŠTO PROUZROKUJE MALOKRVNOST – ANEMIJU (MADA ZA OVU BOLEST POSTOJE I DRUGI UZROCI)
*CA I P GRADE KALCIJUM-FOSFATE KOJI SU GLAVNI SASTOJCI KOSTIJU
*S ULAZI U SASTAV NEKIH AMINOKISELINA **ANJONI I KATJONI 
*NA, K I CL UČESTVUJU U OSMOREGULACIJI
*F SPREČAVA KARIJES ZUBA; CO JE SASTAVNI DEO VITAMINA B12 ITD.
2.ORGANSKI SASTAV
• ORGANSKA JEDINJENJA OBAVEZNO SADRŽE UGLJENIK (C) I NJIHOVIM
RAZLAGANJEM SE OSLOBADJA MANJA ILI VECA KOLICINA ENERGIJE (RAZLIKA U
ODNOSU NA NEORGANSKE MATERIJE). RAZLIKUJU SE 4 GRUPE OVIH JEDINJENJA:
• UGLJENI HIDRATI
• LIPIDI
• PROTEINI
• NUKLEINSKE KISELINE
•1)UGLJENI HIDRATI
-TO SU NAJRASPROSTRANJENIJA JEDINJENJA U ŽIVOM SVETU. PREMA STEPENU SLOŽENOSTI DELE SE NA:
A)MONOSAHARIDE,
B)OLIGOSAHARIDE I
C)POLISAHARIDE.
A)MONOSAHARIDI (PROSTI ŠECERI) SE HIDROLIZOM NE MOGU RAZLOŽITI NA PROSTIJA JEDINJENJA. PREMA BROJU
UGLJENIKOVIH ATOMA DELE SE NA:
-TRIOZE,
-TETROZE,
-PENTOZE,-RIBOZA (ULAZI U SASTAV RNK) I DEZOKSIRIBOZA(IZGRADJUJE DNK)
-HEKSOZE-GLUKOZA,FRUKTOZA,GALAKTOZA
B)OLIGOSAHARIDI- SU IZGRADJENI OD 2-10 MONOSAHARIDA. NAJZNACAJNIJI SU DISAHARIDI (OD 2 MONOSAHARIDA)
KOJIMA PRIPADAJU MALTOZA, LAKTOZA I SAHAROZA.
C)POLISAHARIDI- SU MAKROMOLEKULI NASTALI POVEZIVANJEM VELIKOG BROJA MONOSAHARIDA U DUGAČKE LANCE
(MOGU DA SADRŽE NA STOTINE I HILJADE MONOSAHARIDA).U POLISAHARIDE SE UBRAJAJU :
SKROB,CELULOZA,GLIKOGEN,HITIN...
2)LIPIDI (MASTI)
SU JEDINJENJA KOJA SE NE RASTVARAJU U VODI. SADRŽE MNOGO VIŠE ENERGIJE OD UGLJENIH HIDRATA.
• PREMA GRADJI SE MOGU PODELITI NA PROSTE I SLOŽENE MASTI
1.PROSTE LIPIDI - SE SASTOJE OD TRI MOLEKULA MASNIH KISELINA I TROHIDROKSILNOG ALKOHOLA GLICEROLA.
2. SLOŽENI LIPIDI - PORED GLICEROLA I MASNIH KISELINA SADRŽE JOŠ NEKU KOMPONENTU, KAO ŠTO NPR. FOSFOLIPIDI SADRŽE FOSFATNU
GRUPU.
*ULOGA LIPIDA : * IZLED LIPIDA * STRUKTURA FOSFOLIPIDA :
-ENERGETSKA ULOGA
-GRADIVNA ULOGA
-REGULATORNA ULOGA
-ZAŠTITNA ULOGA
3)PROTEINI (BELANCEVINE)
*PROTEINI PREDSTAVLJAJU ZA ŽIVE SISTEME NAJZNAČAJNIJE ORGANSKE MOLEKULE, O
ČEMU, UOSTALOM, GOVORI I SAM NJIHOV NAZIV – GRČ. PROTEUS, ŠTO ZNAČI PRVI,
NAJVAŽNIJI. TEŠKO JE IZDVOJITI NEKU FUNKCIJU U ORGANIZMU ILI ĆELIJI, A DA SE ONA
ODVIJA BEZ POMOĆI PROTEINA.
*STRUKTURA PROTEINA*
-IZGRAĐENI SU OD, NAJČEŠĆE, VELIKOG BROJA AMINOKISELINA KOJE SE POVEZUJU
PEPTIDNIM VEZAMA. AMINOKISELINA SADRŽI TRI GRUPE:
1.AMINO GRUPU,
2.KARBOKSILNU I
3.BOČNU GRUPU (RADIKAL ILI R-OSTATAK).
-AMINO I KARBOKSILNA GRUPA SU ISTE ZA SVE AMINOKISELINE, DOK SE BOČNE GRUPE
RAZLIKUJU KOD RAZLIČITIH AMINOKISELINA (SPECIFIČNE SU ZA SVAKU AMINO KISELINU).
PEPTIDNA VEZA SE OBRAZUJE IZMEĐU DVE AMINOKISELINE TAKO ŠTO SE AMINO GRUPA
JEDNE AMINOKISELINE I KARBOKSILNA GRUPA DRUGE AMINOKISELINE POVEŽU UZ
IZDVAJANJE MOLEKULA VODE.
***STRUKTURA PROTEINA : 
4)NUKLEINSKE KISELINE
-NUKLEINSKE KISELINE SU NOSIOCI NASLEDNOG
MATERIJALA (GENA). NAZIV SU DOBILE PREMA JEDRU
(LAT. NUCLEUS) U KOME SU NAJVIŠE ZASTUPLJENE,
MADA IH IMA I U CITOPLAZMI. POSTOJE DVE VRSTE
OVIH KISELINA - DNK I RNK.
-SVAKA NUKLEINSKA KISELINA IMA SVOJ SASTAV.U
SASTAV NUKLEINSKE KISELINE ULAZE :
1. CETIRI NUKLEOTIDA-AZOTNE BAZE ,
ADENIN,TIMIN-URACIL,CITOZIN,GUANIN.
*DEZOKSIRIBONUKLEINSKA KISELINA (DNK)*
DNK JE OSNOVNI GENETIČKI MATERIJAL KOJI ODREĐUJE STRUKTURU PROTEINA, I NA TAJ NAČIN I
OSOBINE JEDINKE. OSNOVNA JEDINICA GRAĐE DNK JE NUKLEOTID, KOJI SE SASTOJI OD PO
JEDNOG MOLEKULA DEZOKSIRIBOZE, FOSFORNE KISELINE I AZOTNE BAZE. DEZOKSIRIBOZA
(ŠEĆER PENTOZA) I FOSFORNA KISELINA SU ISTI U SVIM NUKLEOTIDIMA. NUKLEOTIDI SE
MEĐUSOBNO RAZLIKUJU PO AZOTNOJ BAZI KOJU SADRŽE.
RAZLIKUJU SE DVE VRSTE AZOTNIH BAZA:
PURINSKE (VEĆE BAZE) U KOJE SPADAJU ADENIN (A) I GUANIN;
PIRIMIDINSKE (MANJE BAZE), KOJIMA PROPADAJU CITOZIN (C) I TIMIN (T).
NUKLEOTIDI SE MEĐUSOBNO POVEZUJU GRADEĆI POLINUKLEOTIDNI LANAC. DNK SE SASTOJI OD
DVA POLINUKLEOTIDNA LANCA KOJI SU POSTAVLJENI PARALELNO JEDAN DRUGOM. UVEK SE
VEŽU JEDNA PURINSKA (MANJA) I JEDNA PIRIMIDINSKA (VEĆA) BAZA I TO UVEK - ADENIN JEDNOG
LANCA ZA TIMIN DRUGOG LANCA (I OBRNUTO), ODNOSNO, CITOZIN JEDNOG ZA GUANIN
DRUGOG LANCA (I OBRNUTO). OBA POLINUKLEOTIDNA LANCA SU UVIJENA U VIDU DVOSTRUKE
SPIRALE (VIDI ŠEMU). OVAJ MODEL GRAĐE DNK SU 1953. G. DALI VOTSON I KRIK I ZA TO DOBILI
NOBELOVU NAGRADU.
DNK IMA SPOSOBNOST SAMODUPLIRANJA ILI REPLIKACIJE (LAT.REPLIKA = KOPIJA). REPLIKACIJA JE
PROCES PRI KOME OD JEDNOG MOLEKULA DNK NASTAJU DVA POTPUNO ISTA MOLEKULA DNK.
LANCI DNK SE PRVO RAZDVOJE TAKO ŠTO SE POKIDAJU VODONIČNE VEZE IZMEĐU NJIH. ZATIM,
*RIBONUKLEINSKA KISELINA (RNK)
• RNK SE, KAO I DNK, SASTOJI OD MEĐUSOBNO POVEZANIH
NUKLEOTIDA. ZA RAZLIKU OD DNK, RNK JE IZGRAĐENA SAMO OD
JEDNOG POLINUKLEOTIDNOG LANCA. NUKLEOTID RNK SE SASTOJI OD
ŠEĆERA RIBOZE, FOSFORNE KISELINE I AZOTNE BAZE. PURINSKE BAZE U
RNK SU ISTE KAO U DNK, DAKLE, ADENIN I GUANIN, A PIRIMIDINSKE
SU CITOZIN I URACIL (UMESTO TIMINA). POSTOJE TRI VRSTE RNK:
INFORMACIONA RNK (I-RNK), RIBOZOMSKA RNK (R-RNK) I
TRANSPORTNA RNK (T-RNK). INFORMACIONA RNK SADRŽI UPUTSTVO
(INFORMACIJU) O SINTEZI PROTEINA. TRANSPORTNA RNK PRENOSI
AMINOKISELINE DO RIBOZOMA (ORGANELE U KOJIMA SE VRŠI SINTEZA
PROTEINA). RIBOZOMSKA RNK IZGRAĐUJE RIBOZOME. U SVIM
ĆELIJAMA JEDNOG ORGANIZMA SU R-RNK ISTE, DOK SE I-RNK I T-RNK
RAZLIKUJU.
PREZENTOVALA : IVANA JELKIC FC1
**NADAM SE DA VAM SE PREZENTACIJA SVIDELA I DA VAM JE
POMOGLA DA STO BRZE I BOLJE SHVATITE OVU LEKCIJU  
 **

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Hemijski sastav celije , ivana jelkic

  • 2.
  • 3. 2.NEORGANSKI SASTAV 1)VODA CINI BITNU KOMPONENTU ZIVIH SISTEMA.OKO 70-80% NJIHOVE GRADJE CINI VODA(IZUZETAK SU KOSTI,ZUBI,HITIN,...).SA STARENJEM ORGANIZMA PROCENAT VODE OPADA.VODA JE NEOPHODNA ZA ODRZAVANJE AKTIVNOSTI CELIJE I NJENO NORMALNO FUNKCIONISANJE . ONA JE UNIVERZALNI RASTVARAC I SREDISTE ZA DESAVANJE SVIH HEMIJSKIH PROCESA U ORGANIZMU. *KOLICINA VODE U CELIJAMA COVEKA ZAVISI OD: -STAROSTI (SA STAROŠCU CELIJA OPADA I KOLICINA VODE U NJIMA), -VRSTE TKIVA (KRVNO TKIVO IMA VECU KOLICINU VODE OD NPR. MASNOG TKIVA); -METABOLICKE AKTIVNOSTI CELIJE (AKTIVNIJE CELIJE IMAJU VIŠE VODE), -POLA (ŽENE IMAJU MANJE VODE OD MUŠKARACA).
  • 4. 2)NEORGANSKE SOLI NEORGANSKE SOLI SU TAKODJE VEOMA ZASTUPLJENE U CELIJAMA, A NJIHOVI KATJONI I ANJONI SU NEOPHODNI ZA ODRŽAVANJE BIOLOŠKIH STRUKTURA (GRADIVNA ULOGA) I BIOLOŠKU AKTIVNOST JEDINJENJA (METABOLICKA ULOGA). NAJZASTUPLJENIJI KATJONI SU K+, NA+, CA++, A MEDJU ANJONIMA SU TO HLORIDI, KARBONATI, BIKARBONATI I FOSFATI. NA+ I K+ OBEZBEDJUJU POLARIZOVANOST MEMBRANA NERVNIH I MIŠICNIH CELIJA, A TIME I NJIHOV NORMALAN RAD. MEDJU ANJONIMA NAJVAŽNIJI SU FOSFATI JER PREDSTAVLJAJU OSNOVNE OBLIKE IZ KOJIH SE KORISTI ENERGIJA (IZGRADJUJU ATP – ADENOZINTRIFOSFAT). KARBONATI I BIKARBONATI IMAJU ULOGU PUFERA, ODNOSNO, REGULIŠU STALNOST PH VREDNOST VODENOG RASTVORA. (PRI PADU PH VREDNOSI ISPOD 7 COVEK MOŽE DA ŽIVI SAMO NEKOLIKO MINUTA.) MINERALNE MATERIJE ORGANIZAM NE STVARA SAM , VEC IH UNOSI HRANOM. RADI RAZUMEVANJA ZNACAJA OVIH MATERIJA BICE NAVEDENE ULOGE NEKIH NAJBITNIJIH: *FE(GVOŽDJE) JE VEOMA VAŽAN SASTOJAK HEMOGLOBINA; NEDOSTATAK GVOŽDJA U ORGANIZMU OMETA NORMALNO STVARANJE CRVENIH KRVNIH ZRNACA, ŠTO PROUZROKUJE MALOKRVNOST – ANEMIJU (MADA ZA OVU BOLEST POSTOJE I DRUGI UZROCI) *CA I P GRADE KALCIJUM-FOSFATE KOJI SU GLAVNI SASTOJCI KOSTIJU *S ULAZI U SASTAV NEKIH AMINOKISELINA **ANJONI I KATJONI  *NA, K I CL UČESTVUJU U OSMOREGULACIJI *F SPREČAVA KARIJES ZUBA; CO JE SASTAVNI DEO VITAMINA B12 ITD.
  • 5. 2.ORGANSKI SASTAV • ORGANSKA JEDINJENJA OBAVEZNO SADRŽE UGLJENIK (C) I NJIHOVIM RAZLAGANJEM SE OSLOBADJA MANJA ILI VECA KOLICINA ENERGIJE (RAZLIKA U ODNOSU NA NEORGANSKE MATERIJE). RAZLIKUJU SE 4 GRUPE OVIH JEDINJENJA: • UGLJENI HIDRATI • LIPIDI • PROTEINI • NUKLEINSKE KISELINE
  • 6. •1)UGLJENI HIDRATI -TO SU NAJRASPROSTRANJENIJA JEDINJENJA U ŽIVOM SVETU. PREMA STEPENU SLOŽENOSTI DELE SE NA: A)MONOSAHARIDE, B)OLIGOSAHARIDE I C)POLISAHARIDE. A)MONOSAHARIDI (PROSTI ŠECERI) SE HIDROLIZOM NE MOGU RAZLOŽITI NA PROSTIJA JEDINJENJA. PREMA BROJU UGLJENIKOVIH ATOMA DELE SE NA: -TRIOZE, -TETROZE, -PENTOZE,-RIBOZA (ULAZI U SASTAV RNK) I DEZOKSIRIBOZA(IZGRADJUJE DNK) -HEKSOZE-GLUKOZA,FRUKTOZA,GALAKTOZA B)OLIGOSAHARIDI- SU IZGRADJENI OD 2-10 MONOSAHARIDA. NAJZNACAJNIJI SU DISAHARIDI (OD 2 MONOSAHARIDA) KOJIMA PRIPADAJU MALTOZA, LAKTOZA I SAHAROZA. C)POLISAHARIDI- SU MAKROMOLEKULI NASTALI POVEZIVANJEM VELIKOG BROJA MONOSAHARIDA U DUGAČKE LANCE (MOGU DA SADRŽE NA STOTINE I HILJADE MONOSAHARIDA).U POLISAHARIDE SE UBRAJAJU : SKROB,CELULOZA,GLIKOGEN,HITIN...
  • 7. 2)LIPIDI (MASTI) SU JEDINJENJA KOJA SE NE RASTVARAJU U VODI. SADRŽE MNOGO VIŠE ENERGIJE OD UGLJENIH HIDRATA. • PREMA GRADJI SE MOGU PODELITI NA PROSTE I SLOŽENE MASTI 1.PROSTE LIPIDI - SE SASTOJE OD TRI MOLEKULA MASNIH KISELINA I TROHIDROKSILNOG ALKOHOLA GLICEROLA. 2. SLOŽENI LIPIDI - PORED GLICEROLA I MASNIH KISELINA SADRŽE JOŠ NEKU KOMPONENTU, KAO ŠTO NPR. FOSFOLIPIDI SADRŽE FOSFATNU GRUPU. *ULOGA LIPIDA : * IZLED LIPIDA * STRUKTURA FOSFOLIPIDA : -ENERGETSKA ULOGA -GRADIVNA ULOGA -REGULATORNA ULOGA -ZAŠTITNA ULOGA
  • 8. 3)PROTEINI (BELANCEVINE) *PROTEINI PREDSTAVLJAJU ZA ŽIVE SISTEME NAJZNAČAJNIJE ORGANSKE MOLEKULE, O ČEMU, UOSTALOM, GOVORI I SAM NJIHOV NAZIV – GRČ. PROTEUS, ŠTO ZNAČI PRVI, NAJVAŽNIJI. TEŠKO JE IZDVOJITI NEKU FUNKCIJU U ORGANIZMU ILI ĆELIJI, A DA SE ONA ODVIJA BEZ POMOĆI PROTEINA. *STRUKTURA PROTEINA* -IZGRAĐENI SU OD, NAJČEŠĆE, VELIKOG BROJA AMINOKISELINA KOJE SE POVEZUJU PEPTIDNIM VEZAMA. AMINOKISELINA SADRŽI TRI GRUPE: 1.AMINO GRUPU, 2.KARBOKSILNU I 3.BOČNU GRUPU (RADIKAL ILI R-OSTATAK). -AMINO I KARBOKSILNA GRUPA SU ISTE ZA SVE AMINOKISELINE, DOK SE BOČNE GRUPE RAZLIKUJU KOD RAZLIČITIH AMINOKISELINA (SPECIFIČNE SU ZA SVAKU AMINO KISELINU). PEPTIDNA VEZA SE OBRAZUJE IZMEĐU DVE AMINOKISELINE TAKO ŠTO SE AMINO GRUPA JEDNE AMINOKISELINE I KARBOKSILNA GRUPA DRUGE AMINOKISELINE POVEŽU UZ IZDVAJANJE MOLEKULA VODE. ***STRUKTURA PROTEINA : 
  • 9. 4)NUKLEINSKE KISELINE -NUKLEINSKE KISELINE SU NOSIOCI NASLEDNOG MATERIJALA (GENA). NAZIV SU DOBILE PREMA JEDRU (LAT. NUCLEUS) U KOME SU NAJVIŠE ZASTUPLJENE, MADA IH IMA I U CITOPLAZMI. POSTOJE DVE VRSTE OVIH KISELINA - DNK I RNK. -SVAKA NUKLEINSKA KISELINA IMA SVOJ SASTAV.U SASTAV NUKLEINSKE KISELINE ULAZE : 1. CETIRI NUKLEOTIDA-AZOTNE BAZE , ADENIN,TIMIN-URACIL,CITOZIN,GUANIN.
  • 10. *DEZOKSIRIBONUKLEINSKA KISELINA (DNK)* DNK JE OSNOVNI GENETIČKI MATERIJAL KOJI ODREĐUJE STRUKTURU PROTEINA, I NA TAJ NAČIN I OSOBINE JEDINKE. OSNOVNA JEDINICA GRAĐE DNK JE NUKLEOTID, KOJI SE SASTOJI OD PO JEDNOG MOLEKULA DEZOKSIRIBOZE, FOSFORNE KISELINE I AZOTNE BAZE. DEZOKSIRIBOZA (ŠEĆER PENTOZA) I FOSFORNA KISELINA SU ISTI U SVIM NUKLEOTIDIMA. NUKLEOTIDI SE MEĐUSOBNO RAZLIKUJU PO AZOTNOJ BAZI KOJU SADRŽE. RAZLIKUJU SE DVE VRSTE AZOTNIH BAZA: PURINSKE (VEĆE BAZE) U KOJE SPADAJU ADENIN (A) I GUANIN; PIRIMIDINSKE (MANJE BAZE), KOJIMA PROPADAJU CITOZIN (C) I TIMIN (T). NUKLEOTIDI SE MEĐUSOBNO POVEZUJU GRADEĆI POLINUKLEOTIDNI LANAC. DNK SE SASTOJI OD DVA POLINUKLEOTIDNA LANCA KOJI SU POSTAVLJENI PARALELNO JEDAN DRUGOM. UVEK SE VEŽU JEDNA PURINSKA (MANJA) I JEDNA PIRIMIDINSKA (VEĆA) BAZA I TO UVEK - ADENIN JEDNOG LANCA ZA TIMIN DRUGOG LANCA (I OBRNUTO), ODNOSNO, CITOZIN JEDNOG ZA GUANIN DRUGOG LANCA (I OBRNUTO). OBA POLINUKLEOTIDNA LANCA SU UVIJENA U VIDU DVOSTRUKE SPIRALE (VIDI ŠEMU). OVAJ MODEL GRAĐE DNK SU 1953. G. DALI VOTSON I KRIK I ZA TO DOBILI NOBELOVU NAGRADU. DNK IMA SPOSOBNOST SAMODUPLIRANJA ILI REPLIKACIJE (LAT.REPLIKA = KOPIJA). REPLIKACIJA JE PROCES PRI KOME OD JEDNOG MOLEKULA DNK NASTAJU DVA POTPUNO ISTA MOLEKULA DNK. LANCI DNK SE PRVO RAZDVOJE TAKO ŠTO SE POKIDAJU VODONIČNE VEZE IZMEĐU NJIH. ZATIM,
  • 11. *RIBONUKLEINSKA KISELINA (RNK) • RNK SE, KAO I DNK, SASTOJI OD MEĐUSOBNO POVEZANIH NUKLEOTIDA. ZA RAZLIKU OD DNK, RNK JE IZGRAĐENA SAMO OD JEDNOG POLINUKLEOTIDNOG LANCA. NUKLEOTID RNK SE SASTOJI OD ŠEĆERA RIBOZE, FOSFORNE KISELINE I AZOTNE BAZE. PURINSKE BAZE U RNK SU ISTE KAO U DNK, DAKLE, ADENIN I GUANIN, A PIRIMIDINSKE SU CITOZIN I URACIL (UMESTO TIMINA). POSTOJE TRI VRSTE RNK: INFORMACIONA RNK (I-RNK), RIBOZOMSKA RNK (R-RNK) I TRANSPORTNA RNK (T-RNK). INFORMACIONA RNK SADRŽI UPUTSTVO (INFORMACIJU) O SINTEZI PROTEINA. TRANSPORTNA RNK PRENOSI AMINOKISELINE DO RIBOZOMA (ORGANELE U KOJIMA SE VRŠI SINTEZA PROTEINA). RIBOZOMSKA RNK IZGRAĐUJE RIBOZOME. U SVIM ĆELIJAMA JEDNOG ORGANIZMA SU R-RNK ISTE, DOK SE I-RNK I T-RNK RAZLIKUJU.
  • 12. PREZENTOVALA : IVANA JELKIC FC1 **NADAM SE DA VAM SE PREZENTACIJA SVIDELA I DA VAM JE POMOGLA DA STO BRZE I BOLJE SHVATITE OVU LEKCIJU    **