The document discusses various external influences that affect tourism and hospitality operations, including politics, economics, and the environment. It provides examples of how factors like government policies, inflation, interest rates, demand, and competition can pressure businesses. Environmental groups like Greenpeace are also mentioned as influencing companies through protests. The economies of China and India are highlighted as becoming major drivers of global economic growth.

1. Unit 11 External Influences
Page 88 – B
1. The focus is different types of external influences that affect tourisms and hospitality operation.
2. The tree main factors are: politics, economics and environment.
3. He reminds us that there are internal questions but that operators must find ways to manage
their businesses and finances.
Page 88 – CD
1. Political dimension of business
2. Mention when the government tries to protect their business in the country and are looking for
dominates the market or when the government influences the companies and visitors to come
the country and visit all interest places.
3. In 1979 Margaret Thatcher government came to power and starts the difficulties with
manufacturing and services sectors.
4. Process privatizations in the state industry new business opportunity are created specially in
services sector.
5. Greenpeace is the company for environmental issues.
6. Royal Dutch Shell seem so morally wrong and los 50% sales.
7. Their protests: the people declare that they don’t visit the country if Iceland didn’t stop whaling.
8. It will be complicated for the responsible use of water and introduce waste and energy
management through recycling, conservation and alternative energy.
9. Agriculture is an economic activity that decreases and manufacturing is developed in many
countries in major increase in service industry.
10. China and India blooming economies will become the main drivers of the global economy.
Page 88 – G
1. Purpose for speaking
I’m going to try to explain some of the major factors which exert pressure on the sector from
the outside, that is to say, I shall mainly be looking at some of the different types of external
influences which affect the way businesses in tourism and hospitality operate.
2. Clarification/ definite point
Don’t misunderstand me, I don’t want to imply that there are no internal questions for a
company.
3. Tentative point
To some degree, individual companies will be affected differently.
4. Statement of topic
… but it is fair to say that they will all have to keep an eye on which way inflation or interest rate
are going, or demand and completion in a particular location.

2. 5. Another point
Not only that, but they also have to keep track of the government policies of the country or the
countries where they operate.
6. Summary of a source
In an attempt to try to keep the discussion of external pressures of business reasonably simple,
though, I’m going to focus mainly on three areas: politics, economics and, very importantly
environment.
7. Definitive point
The evidence shows that this is especially true with respect to airline carriers.
8. Example
Mass tour operators are a case in point.
9. Summary of source
Peter Drucker, who was a major business thinker, giver a good description of this in his article
entitled ‘The New Society’ published in The Economist in 2001.
10. Clarification
Briefly, in The Economist article, Drucker explains how at the beginning the 20th century (in
1913) farm products accounted for 70% of world trade.
11. Summary of source
One writer in Money Management magazine has no doubt that, and I quote, ‘China will
continue to be a dominant player driving world growth, which will have flow-through to other
economies’.