Iceberg slide illustrates key levers or the impact of policy making, procedure and support development, and instructional strategies on change.

1. How do we invest our efforts?
What do we talk about?
structure
sample
standards
strategies
self
water line Leverage Error

2. structure
sample
standards
strategies
self
water line
How do we invest our efforts?
What do we talk about?
Leverage Advantage

3. Grading
FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL
FEEDBACK
Personalized Learning
(structural, transactional)
flexible schedule multi-age classes pods/tables
individual technology no seating charts
Student goal setting
Self-assessment
(standards)
Goal setting
Autonomy support
Learner-aligned pace
Learner as resource
(strategy)
Self-assessment
Self-efficacy
Ownership
Independence
Commitment
Intrinsic motivation
(conceptions of self)

4. Standards-based
report cards
Small high schools
Block scheduling Interactive
White boards
Charter schools
Collaborative time
Computerized formative
assessments Multi-age classrooms
Strategies Standards
Self
Technology
New standards