2. SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
Point sources:
Singl & identifiable source of pollution
Pipe or a drain
Non point sources:
Industrial & sewage treatment plants
Cause of rainfall or snow melt
Natural & human made pollutants
Lakes,rivers, wetlands, coastal & ground waters
Transportation of vehicles
Agricultural & urban runoff
Cary excess nutrients, pesticides,& Siltation occur
3. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
1) Industrial waste :
Huge amount of toxic chemicals
Drainage of wastes into rivers, canals & later into sea
Organic substances( oils, grease,dyes, suspended solids)
Eutrophication
2) Sewage & domestic waste:
Cloudy dilute aqueous solution
Mineral & organic matter
75% of water pollution
Cause of sewage, domestic waste & sewage sludge
Muncipal waste
Harmful bacteria, suspended solids, chemical & trace quantities of toxic metals
Health problems
Pathogens ( water pollutant)
4. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
3) Mining activities:
Crushing rock & extraction of coal
Extracted raw form contain harmful chemicals
Increase the toxic concentration of water
Health problems
Several metal waste & sulphides
4) Marine dumping:
Household garbage
Decomposition period from 2 weeks to 200 years
5) Accidental oil leakage:
Oil spillage forms layer over the sea surface
Harmful for Marine & aquatic life especially fishes
5. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
6) Burning of fossil fuels:
Coal & oil produce substantial amount of ash in atmosphere
Toxic chemicals with water Vapors cause of acid rain
Carbon dioxide emission , results in global warming
7) Chemical fertilizers & pesticides:
Farmers use this fertilizers for the protection of crops
From insects and bacteria
Useful in plants growth
Chemicals when mixed up with rain water , becomes harmful for
aquatic organisms
8) Leakage from sewer lines:
Contaminate underground water
Unfit for drinking purpos
Become a breeding ground for insects & mosquitoes
6. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
9) Global warming:
Increase in Earth’s temperature
Greenhouse effect
Increase in water temperature
Result in death of aquatic animals & marine species
Cause of water pollution
10) Radioactive waste:
Nuclear energy
Nuclear fission or fusion
Uranium is highly toxic Chemical in production of Nuclear energy
Extremely toxic radioactive Pu,Np, Am, Cm, Bk,Cs ,Zr,Ru etc
Few major accidents have already taken place in Russia & Japan
7. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
11) Urban development:
Increase in population
Result in increased use of fertilizers
Soil erosion due to deforestation
Increase in construction activities
Inadequate sewer collection & treatment
Lanfills due to more production of garbage
Increase in chemicals
12) Leakage from landfills:
Huge pile of garbage with awful smell
Due to raining , landfills become leak
Pollut the underground water
Large variety of contaminants
8. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
13) Animal waste:
Washed away into rivers
When it rains, it mixed up with harmful chemicals
Causes water borne diseases
Cholera, diarrhea, jaundice, dysentery, & typhoid
14) Underground water leakage
Transportation of coal and petrol
Underground pipes
Accidental leakage occurr anytime
Damage to Environment & results in soil erosion
15) Agricultural discharge:
Plant nutrients, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers, Farm
wastes , plants & animal debris, soil erosion
Mostly inorganic materials
Heavy pollution to water Sources
9. MAJOR
SOURCESOF
WATER
POLLUTION
16) Detergents:
Used as cleaning agents
Household detergents
Contain several pollutans
Surface active agents
Contribute to
Phosphates, sodium,amides
17) Siltation:
Most widespread & damaging pollutants
Hill streams
Soil particles creat high turbidites in water
Hinder free movement of aquatic organisms
