FPAA in Biomedical Circuits and Systems

1. Description
[12] FPAA is a low cost reconfigurable system which can be developed to support wireless
reconfigurable embedded system subjected to detecting ECG. The targeted signals are displayed and
stored on Android mobile phones. FPAA allows of flexibility to optimize the configurable circuit, which
offers of this system to be used for human machine interfaces based on bioelectric signals.
[13] Problem in vestibular sensation can be solved via FPAA platform for vestibular prosthesis signal
processing. It activates the targeted vestibular nerve fibers through a current stimulator. This provides
efficient operation of inner ear sensory organ. The computational or configurable analog blocks (CABs)
facilitate the function of FPAA to be an attractive way for fast mapping of modifications. This system
gives low power dissipating circuits besides improved design of stimulating electrodes.
[14] Safe stimulation must be considered during neuroscience researches. One way can be done through
FPAA which can offer programmable and configurable rapidly to check for that using generic component
established from CABs. The charge metering closed-loop is the topology used for the stimulation. This
system reduces the hardware implementation and gives rapid prototyping.
[15] FPAA implementation for ECG processing offers compact, configurable, programmable, and robust
system. It incorporates with embedded microprocessor. The robustness of the system appears in
compensating any change in circuit function, parametrical function, and environmental conditions, and
defected circuit.
[16] An intelligent ECG classifier using FPAA IC is designed which provides accurate and compact
configuration of CABs. The feature extraction is done through Hermite decomposition algorithm. This
portable system facilitates real time monitoring patients with heart diseases. The results are displayed
on LCD and stored in flash memory (SD).
[17] The analog solutions to implement costly analog complex systems and reduce the prototyping time
are FPAA. Such implemented systems can be used for functional immunity test with ECG clear from
electromagnetic radiation over frequency range from 80MHz to a few GHz. The implementation of this
FPAA shows minimizing noise, and reducing the effect of added harmonics of the amplitude modulation
carrier.
[18] A wearable knee-joint health assessment device is designed on a single chip using FPAA. It
dissipates low power allowing it to extract features from the output of the classifier for long operational
time. The system is integrated on 0.35μm CMOS technology operating under 2.5V. The signals
generated from flexion and extension, sit to stand, and walking activities are detected and processed by
the front end chain on FPAA.
[19] Hearing aid is trending towards cost effective custom programmable design based on FPAA. The
analog front end is used to minimize hearing loss according to the individual’s audiogram. Offering
variable gain analog processor is configured which is preferable due to different audiogram bands. This

2. leads to compensating the hearing losses. The prototype custom design is tested with four different real
time bands. The output results are audiogram without hearing losses.
[20] FPAA is used as sensor interfacing wireless for heart-rate alarm. FPAA is designed with a mixed of
computational elements and parallel signal flow topology. It consists of 52 analog parameters and 89
nets. This sensor system performs the following function: sensor interfacing, signal analysis, heart-rate
extraction and alarming. Designing such system needs analog elements besides digital elements. Thus,
FPAA’s mixed system can map this large system onto a small number of blocks.
[21] ECG amplifier and QRS detector are designed to be used with defibrillators. Main feature of such
system is the requirement of synchronization with the suitable phase of the cardiac cycle of the patient.
The ECG amplifier with ADC is based on programmable circuit ADS129x, while the detector system is
built by using FPAA (AN231E04). Using programmable and reconfigurable blocks help to have low
latency of QRS detection, programmable bandwidth, and variable gain control. The system supports
different types of electrodes due to high resolution of ADC and the programmability of the amplifier
gain. The results show that this system can effectively be a good candidate to detect QRS complexes in
ECG signal obtained from different kinds of used electrodes.
[22] Dynamic reconfiguration of FPAA is designed to detect QRS complexes with acceptable for the
synchronization of the ventricular assist device. The system is design using LabView. This detector is
tested using real ECG signal obtained from epicedial electrodes as well as from database. Around 95%
of detected QRS complexes are recorded with delay less than 50msec which is adequate for
synchronization with the ventricular assist devices.