Plug-in vehicles can be a means to increase the amount of renewable energy within a microgrid. Properly designed pluggable hybrid vehicles will improve grid reliability and stability. This presentation was a plenary address at the Automotive Research Center annual meeting, and it addresses some of the design components needed to make vehicles and microgrids work together well.
1. The Synergy of Plug-in Vehicles in Micro-grids Peter Lilienthal, Ph.D. CEO, HOMER Energy peter@homerenergy.com Automotive Research Center Conference May 24th, 2011 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
2. What is a Microgrid? Set of loads and generation sources capable of autonomous “islanded” operation Microgrids make EVs more valuable And vice versa Reliability Renewables Smart grid 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
3. Background and History Remote and island grids are not new Grid-connected microgrids are coming Dependent on liquid fuels from petroleum 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
6. Clean Power Evolution Large utilities have security and regulatory obstacles 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
7. Microgrids and Plug-in Vehicles Grid benefits of distributed storage Save fuel and $s Stabilize the grid Reliability 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
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9. A little storage goes a long way2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
10. Grid stability Benefit to both microgrid and central grid Frequency and voltage control Renewable contribution Diesel-off operation 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
11. Local Reliability Benefits Storage for short outages Hybrid renewables for extended outages 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
12. Types of Vehicles Battery size Pure EV or hybrid V2G or Smart Charging Power transfer capability 110 volt x 30 amps = 3.3 kW = 4hp 220 volt x 50 amp = 11 kW = 15 hp 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
13. Types of Microgrids Remote microgrids Global experience Alaska and Australia HOMER’s 60,000 users in 193 countries Grid-connected microgrids Reliability requirements Sustainability mandates 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
14. Too Many Choices Solar Fuel Cells Wind Micro-turbines Hydro Geothermal Micro-grids Biomass Demand Response New Storage Techs. Electric Vehicles Load Management Smart grids 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
15. What is best? Depends on the application Resources Loads Equipment prices Equipment performance A confused mind says “No!” Hybrid optimization with the HOMER® software 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
16. HOMER History 1993 Village Power Internal NREL use 2001 Public version 2.0 Larger grid-connected systems 2005 Plug-in vehicle Internal NREL use 2009 HOMER Energy spun off 2011 Version 3.0 Ease of customization 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com
17. Conclusion EVs & microgrids: a perfect match. Grid integration is important. The HOMER software can help. 2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304 www.homerenergy.com