2. What is oedema?
➢Is a palpable swelling produced by the
expansion of the interstitial fluid volume.
➢Is a medical term for swelling caused by a
collection of fluid in the small spaces that
surrounds the body’s tissues and organs.
➢Becomes evident when the interstitial fluid
increased by 2.5-3L.
3. Types of oedema
Classification:
1) According to pathophysiological mechanism:
a) Transudate (low protein content)
b) Exudate (high protein content)
2) According to location:
a) Localized
b) Generalized
3) According to clinical finding:
a) Pitting
b) Non-pitting.
4. Examples
➢Localised: Venous edema, Lymphatic edema,
allergy/agioedema, inflammation
➢Generalised: Cardiac edema, Hepatic edema,
Renal edema, Endocrine edema
➢Pitting: due to cardiac & renal causes, liver
disease, calcium channel blockers, early stage
of filiarisis
➢Non-pitting: Myxoedema, Elephantiasis,
Angioneurotic
8. 1. Increased Hydrostatic
Pressure
Rise in hydrostatic pressure at the venular end of
capillaries to a level more than plasma oncotic
pressure
Minimal/No Reabsorption of fluid at venular end
OEDEMA
9. 2. Reduced Plasma Oncotic
Pressure
Reduced albumin synthesis in liver/ Protein
malnutrition
Fall in plasma oncotic pressure
Net movement of fluid into interstitial tissues
OEDEMA
10. 3. Lymphatic Obstruction
Impaired lymphatic drainage
Localised LymphOEDEMA
▪Radial mastectomy for Ca breast
▪Pressure on main lymph ducts
▪Inflammation of lymphatics
▪Occlusion of Lymphatics by malignant cells
▪Milroy’s disease
11. 4. Sodium and Water
Retention
Hypovolaemia
Renal Vasoconstriction Renin ADH
GFR Aldosterone Reabsorption of water
Renal retention of Na and water
OEDEMA
12. 5. Inflammation
Capillary endothelial injury by toxins/ histamine/
anoxia/ drugs
Endothelial gap
Increased capillary permeability to plasma protein
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
OEDEMA
