Chem Pre-Lab Essay

Chem Pre-Lab Essay
Pre–Laboratory Assignment
1. What are the hazards associated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution?
Sodium hydroxide solutions, especially in high concentrations, are toxic and corrosive.
2. (a) What buret reading should you record when the liquid level is as shown in Figure 2?
In Figure 2, the lower meniscus lies below the 3 mL line and 4 minor gradations that signify 0.1
values. Estimating the uncertain digit to be 0.04 mL, the reading we record for this particular buret
is 3.44 mL.
(b) How will you recognize the end point of your titration?
We know that that the end point of the titration is reached when, after drop after careful drop of
NaOH, the solution in the flask retains its pale pink color while swirling for about 30 ... Show more
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The number of moles of ascorbic acid neutralized in the experiment is given by multiplying the
moles of NaOH used (0.00235128 mol) by the unit conversion coefficient (1 mol ascorbic acid/1
mol NaOH). molascorbic acid = molNaOH(1 mol ascorbic acid/1 mol NaOH)
= (0.00235128 mol NaOH)(1 mol ascorbic acid/1 mol NaOH) molascorbic acid = 0.00235128 mol
Rounding this off to 3 significant figures gives: molascorbic acid = 0.00235 mol
(e) How many grams of ascorbic acid is this?
The mass of ascorbic acid neutralized is given by multiplying the calculated moles of ascorbic acid
used (0.00235128 mol) with the molas mass of ascorbic acid (176.1 g/mol). massascorbic acid =
(mol ascorbic acid)(molar mass ascorbic acid)
= (0.00235128 mol)(176.1 g/mol) massascorbic acid =0.414060408 g
Rounding this off to 3 significant figures gives: massascorbic acid = 0.414 g
(f) What is the mass percent ascorbic acid in the sample?
The mass percent of ascorbic acid in the sample is given by dividing the calculated mass of ascorbic
acid (0.414060408 g) by the calculated mass of the sample (0.5500 g) and multiplying the quotient
by 100%. mass percentascorbic acid = (massascorbic acid/masssample)100%
= 100% x (0.414060408 g)/(0.5500 g) mass percentascorbic acid = 75.3
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Canis Major Research Paper
Canis Major can be seen at latitudes somewhat between +90° and –75° It is visible in the Northern
Hemisphere from December through March, and visible in the Southern Hemisphere between
November and April. Canis Major is being bordered by Monoceros and so as Canis Minor. It is near
Orion. Canis Minor can be seen at latitudes somewhere between +90° and –75°, like Canis Major. It
is visible in the Northern Hemisphere from December through March, and visible in the Southern
Hemisphere between November and April. It is near Canis Major. Canis Minor is being bordered by
Monoceros and so as Canis Major. For Canis Major, Sirius is the brightest star in the sky and the
fifth nearest star to the Sun.Sirius is a binary star. It is only about 8.6 light ... Show more content on
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It is about 336 light years from us. It has a apparent magnitude of 3.02. The other star is not a visible
star. The two orbit around a center once every 675 days.
For Canis Major, Muliphein is a blue–white B–type giant, which B–type means it's around the blue
area referring to temperature and color. It is approximately 402 light years away from us. It has a
apparent magnitude of 4.11.
For Canis Major, Messier 41 is an open cluster located near Sirius. It is somewhere around 26 light
years in diameter. It is around 210 million years old. The cluster is about 2,300 light years from us.
It has an apparent magnitude of about 4.5.
For Canis Major, The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is a irregular galaxy with somewhat an elliptical
shape. It has been believed that this galaxy is the closest neighboring galaxy to the solar system. It is
about 25,000 light years from us.
For Canis Minor, Procyon is a binary system star. It is the brightest star in Canis Minor. It is the
seventh brightest star in the night sky. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 0.34. It is 11.41 light
years away from us. Procyon is a binary system star.
For Canis Minor, Gomesia is the second brightest star in Canis Minor. It is a main sequence star. It
is about 170 light years from us. It has a magnitude about

How Does Umberto Giordano's Andrea Chenier Relate To The...
Music has the power to portray the emotions someone feels. It has the power to bring different
people together; it allows to empathy and sympathy among other strong emotions. Umberto
Giordano's Andrea Chenier is a beautiful opera because of the fact that many who watch and listen
to it can relate to its story in some way. In on scene of the 1993 film directed by Jonathan Demme,
Philadelphia, Andy Beckett, the protagonist listens to the opera's aria, "La mamma mortal," with his
lawyer, Joe Miller. Andy identifies greatly with Maddalena, the character who this aria in the opera.
His passion for the piece is obvious as he talks throughout the piece about what he hears. As a non–
musician, he does not use the correct terminology to describe the ... Show more content on
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Maddalena continues to sing about hope and love for the rest of the song mostly in major keys. In
the movie scene, the camera angle on Andy changes, looking down on him from a higher position.
The lighting changes to red as Andy shows intense facial expressions, continues to cry and shouts
out the lyrics that he connects with emotionally. The lyrics in this section are incredibly powerful
and motivating, especially for a person facing hardship like Andy is. The voice that Maddalena hears
proclaims wonderful, inspiring, loving things such as "I am divine...I am oblivion...I am the god that
comes down from the heavens to the earth and makes of the earth a heaven...I am

Crow Creek Case Study
Crow Creek Susan Mayfield The Crow Creek site is a multi–occupied Initial Coalescent variant site
along the Crow and Wolf creeks of the Missouri River within the southcentral portion of modern
day South Dakota. This site is considered to be a massive in size, approximately eighteen acres. Laid
out in a triangle, the site is bordered by the Wolf Creek with a steep terrace drop off to the west;
Crow Creek with a narrow and steep terrace to the flood plain. Connecting these sides, the
northeastern portion of the site sees a 1500–foot–long bastioned fortification ditch. The Crow Creek
phase predates the Wolf Creek Phase and dates to 1050 A.D., while the Wolf Creek Phase appears to
begin in 1325 A.D. The 1978 research focused upon the

Influence of Baroque Music to Classical Music
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Music of any period reflects, in its own way, some of the same influences, tendencies, and
generative impulses that are found in the other arts of that time (Donna, 2005). Thus the word
"baroque," usually used despairingly by eighteenth–century art critics to describe the art and
architecture of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, came to be applied also to the music
of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. After some years after the death of Johann
Sebastian Bach, the ornate, formal and strict form of the High Baroque became "old–fashion" and
lost its favor. Music slowly began to change form the style and forms of the High Baroque to a
simpler yet tuneful form around 1750. The period ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New forms of polyphonic music were developing because baroque composers felt that the art of
counterpoint was essential to their artistry.
On the other hand, the homophonic method (a musical technique that displays a vast separation
amongst the melody line and the accompaniment) was gaining acceptance and use quite rapidly
(The Baroque Era). The homophonic musical style played a significant role in opera and solo vocal
music because it focused the listener's concentration in the poetic melody of the singer.
Most pieces in baroque music have the basso continuo which gave way to uniformity and unity.
Basso continuo, or figured bass, is an accompaniment which consists of a bass part with numbers
which specify the chords to be played above it. Musical works containing a continuo part helped to
convey harmonic support of chords under the melodic line (The Baroque Era). Kamien (2008) states
that basso continuo is usually played by at least two instruments: an organ or harpsichord and low
melodic instrument like the cello or bassoon.
Kamien (2008) also adds that "the organist of harpsichordist plays the bass part with the left hand
which is also played by the cellist or bassoonist. With the right hand, the keyboard player improvises
chords or melodic line by following the numbers. Because the numbers only indicate a basic chord,
the performer has a wide field of freedom."
With continuity of rhythm and melody, baroque music also features continuity of dynamic level.
This

Potassium And Sodium Lab Report
Is Potassium or Sodium in our Bicarbonate
Introduction
A mix–up at a local distribution company has occurred and the company needs assistance in
determining which bicarbonate contains potassium and which possess sodium. Due to the uniquely
opposite reactant properties each element contains, it is essential to determine and be positive of
which bicarbonate is which. Three possible chemical reactions occur during the thermal
decomposition of either bicarbonate. We are to use the predicted product masses of those reactions
to determine if it has potassium or sodium, along with a flame test.
Procedure
Experiment 1
To start this experiment, I began by first creating the three different chemical reactions that could
occur as a decomposition of the bicarbonates. Once these were made and I had the predicted mass of
each reaction, I gathered the essential materials that I would need. These included a plastic boat, a
scale, two crucibles, a Bunsen Burner, and metal tongs, and a sample of each carbonate that was
labeled "A and B." Upon getting these supplies together, I measured out 2.5 grams of the unknown
bicarbonate A. Before doing anything else, I made sure to measure out the crucible to help me
determine the mass of the reactant. After this was measured and recorded, I put the 2.5 grams of
substance A in the crucible and placed is over the Bunsen Burner. I turned the burner on and
adjusted the flame until the blue cone was just below the crucible. Once the burner was adjusted
appropriately, I left the crucible on the Bunsen Burner for approximately 15 minutes. After 15
minutes passed, I used the metal tongs to take the crucible off the Bunsen Burner and allowed it time
to cool. As the crucible with substance A in it cooled off, I got bicarbonate B and used the plastic
boat to collect and measure 2.5 grams of it. Then, I grabbed my second crucible and measured the
mass of it using my scale. After that, I placed the 2.5 grams of bicarbonate B in my crucible and put
it over the Bunsen Burner, adjusting the flame as I did with my prior bicarbonate. As I allowed my
second substance to set above the flame for 15 minutes, I made sure my first crucibles, with
bicarbonate A, was cool enough to be weighed. Seeing that

The Effect Of Friction On The Coefficient Of Friction
Introduction:
When two objects get in contact with each other the force between them forms. Scientists call this
force the frictional resistance, or friction. It occurs because of the imperfections in the surfaces of
objects, the molecules of both surfaces interfere with each other creating a natural force between
two objects. The friction opposes direction of motion of the object and is parallel to the surface on
which the action takes place. The force and magnitude that are necessary to overcome friction can
be calculated. Area of objects that is involved in the contact is disregarded when calculating friction.
Objectives:
 Use two methods to find the coefficient of friction.
 Identify factors that have influence on the coefficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The benefit that machine provides is called a mechanical advantage. Its amount is defined by actual
mechanical advantage (AMA, includes force of friction). There is also an ideal mechanical
advantage (IMA) but it does not take in account the force of friction which is inevitable in our
world.
Workinput=Workoutput+Workfriction
AMA=Resistance/Effort=Fr/¬Fe
Where Fr is resistance and Fe is effort.
A person gains mechanical advantage from using the machine if the effort he has to exert is less than
resistance.
IMA=Effort Distance/Resistance Distance = De/Dr
Efficiency of the machine is determined by the following formula: Eff=AMA/IMA*100
Experimental Procedure:
Table 1 & 2: First, find the mass of the wooden block and record the data. Then place the wooden
block on the inclined plane (at 0o) with the wide side down. The height of the pulley should be the
same height as the screw location on the wooden block. Then hang a weight on the opposite side of
the hanger and add weights until block starts to move with a constant velocity (push block to
overcome fs¬). Then record the resulted weight of the hanger in Table 1 (as F). Add 500 g to the
wooden block and repeat the process. Replace 500 g with 1 kg on the wooden block. Repeat the
process described above.
For Table 2, create an inclined plane by raising the board

Lab Report : Shear Force And Bending Force
MMAN1300
Shear Force and Bending Moment Lab Report
Wan Aqmarur Razin Wan Azlan, z5138712
PSS Group: Friday / 0900 / 201
Table of contents:
Contents
1. Shear Force Analysis 2
1.1. Discussion 3
1.2. Experiment 2: Shear force variation away from the point of loading 3
1.3. Discussion 5
2. Bending Moment Analysis 5
2.1. Experiment 1: Bending moment variation with an increasing point load. 5
2.2. Discussion 7
2.3. Experiment 2: Bending moment variation away from the point of loading 7
2.4. Discussion 9
3. Overall discussion and conclusion 9
Abstract:
The experiment was done to investigate the shear force and bending moment in a beam. A shear
force in a beam experimental frame and a bending moment of a beam experimental frame was used
along with the digital force display unit to conduct the experiment. When the force increases with
constant distance from the cut, the shear force and bending moment would increase. In the second
experiment, the load is placed at a specific distance to the left of support A. The shear force and
bending moment is than obtained and calculated using the formula that had been given in the
handout.
Table 1. Calculation of load and dimensions
W_1 (N) W_1 (N) a (mm) b (mm)
3.92 3.92 140 260
Shear Force Analysis
Shear force is the internal force acting in a rigid body that caused the body to move in positive or
negative direction. In this analysis, the effect of increasing point load and effect of various distance
to the bending moment was

Christian Music Vs. Secular Music
While gazing at a statue of Isaac Watt in Westminster Abbey, the great English poet Victor
Longfellow once quipped, "He only did better what no man has ever done well!" Professor Edward
B. Reed voiced a similar opinion, "In this great mass of poetry (hymnody) there is little that shows
artistic excellence."
Both men were correct. In terms of artistic merit, Christian hymnody pales greatly in quality in
comparison to secular music. The reason for such a disparity is simple: the world's best composers,
musicians, and songwriters do not work for the church; they work in the secular music industry.
How then, do the local churches, especially smaller parishes, achieve excellence regarding music in
liturgy? In a word, they do not because they cannot. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, in order for the masses to accept it, contemporary forms of music must sound
contemporary to the modern ear. To achieve a high degree of authenticity, modern church music
must be played on modern instrumentation by musicians who possess specific experience and
particular knowledge and the appropriate training. The modern mission constituency is too
sophisticated to tolerate and accept watered down renditions of rock, country, folk, or blues music
played on pipe organs by classically trained pipe organists who noticeably misunderstand and
disrespect the subtleties inherent in 21st Century music. At best, they merely retool modern genres
to suit and satisfy classical palates.
J. S. Bach's B Minor Mass with its great chorale fugues, elaborately ornamented arias, and
orchestral accompaniment, may very well be the greatest chorale work ever composed; however,
liturgical music is ill conceived as a great art form. Accessibility is paramount and, at its finest,
liturgical music remains natural, unpretentious, and

Johann Sebastian Bach Research Paper
Johann Sebastian Bach was well known as a performer as well as composer of keyboard music. As a
testament to Bach's virtuosity Phillip Spitta wrote "friends and foes alike bowed to the irresistible
force of an unheard–of power of execution and could hardly comprehend how he could twist his
fingers and his feet so wonderfully and so nimbly without hitting a single false note." (J.S. Bach,"
Great Composers 1300–1900). However, his vocal compositions were predominately ignored until
the flowering of the Bach Revival in 19th century. In addition during his lifetime, many people
agreed with Johann Adolph Scheibe's opinion that Bach's vocal compositions "depreived them of the
natural element by a bombastic confused nature and obscured their beauty ... Show more content on
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Franz Joseph Haydn and Beethoven were two important musicians influenced by Bach's music.
While unaware of his vocal pieces, they were aware of some keyboards compositions. Haydn owned
manuscripts of the Well–tempered Clavier and the B–,imor Mass((Ludwig Fischuer, "Bach's
Posthumous Role in Music History" in Bach Perspectives 3, Ed. Michea lMarlssen, (Lincoln
University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 13) and Beethoven called Bach the "Progenitor of Harmony"(
Wolff, Bach: Essays on his Life and Music372) planning to write an overture on Bach's at the end of
his life(Schweltzer, J.S Bach 240)). Still, Bach was not seen as a composer, mainly just a teacher(
Denis Arnold, Bach, (Ox University {ress, 1984)

Notes Mus 110
The liturgy refers to the set order of services and structure of each service True The text Alleluia, O
virgamediatrix is from which portion of the Mass? The Proper The texts of the Mass service that are
specific to a particular feast day are called the Ordinary. False Gregorian chant features regularly
phrased melodic lines supported by instrumental accompaniment. F Early notation used neumes,
little ascending and descending signs written above the words that suggested the shape of the
melodic line. True The text of the Kyrie has a Greek text The Kyrie is not a part of the Mass. false
Music performed with exchanges between a soloist and chorus is called responsorial singing The
two main services for the Roman Catholic Church ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The vocal range in the work Puisqu'enoubli is low, best suited for men's voices. True
Machaut'sPuisqu'enoubli is best classified as secular music Which era does
Puisqu'enoubliexemplifyArs Nova The lower two voices in Sumer is icumen in sing short repeated
ideas known as an ostinato The constant imitation from beginning to end in between the voices of
Sumer is icumen in is characteristic of its genre, which is a round Instrumental music in the Middle
Ages was generally improvised rather than played from notation. True Which composer lived and
worked during the Ars nova. Guillaume de Machaut The recorder, lute, and hammered dulcimer all
were categorized into which group in the Middle Ages? Pas Puisqu'enoubli is in a triple meter with
gently syncopated rhythms. True Poet–musicians in Germany in the Middle Ages were known as
Minnesinger Which of the following was NOT an activity associated with secular music in medieval
society? Devotional services In which poetic form is Machaut's chanson Puisqu'enoubli set?
Rondeau What event inspired Raimbaut to write his famous epic. The Crusades To which category
of medieval instruments do the sackbut, crumhorn, cornetto, tabor, and nakers

Copper Sulphate Lab Report
Determining the amount of Water of Crystallization Hydrated to Copper Sulphate
Daniel Benda
October 11th 2014
Hl Chemistry
Block: H
Word Count:
1354
Data Collection and Processing:
Raw Data:
Table 1: Raw data of Trials vs Mass of crucible and contents before and after heating
Trials Empty mass of crucible (±0.001g) Initial filled mass of crucible (±0.001g) Final Filled weight
of crucible (±0.001g)
T1 36.093 43.516 40.783
T2 48.160 56.218 53.143
T3 31.503 44.537 39.705
T4 34.345 38.677 37.082
T5 33.615 41.851 38.787
Data for trial 1–3 were gathered by Jose and me while 4 and 5 were gathered by Ronnie and
Michael
Qualitative observations:
As the hydrated salt is heated in the crucible it changes from a bright blue to a pale blue ... Show
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Each crucible was a different weight, size and a slightly different shape. Also the amount of
substance measured into them was also a crude approximation on its own. This meant that each time
a sample was heated the rate of the evaporation happened at a completely different rate which could
have attributed the yield of a range of different results. Also when taking into consideration the
aforementioned minor residue of water after heating a greater uncertainty is created where one is
unable to account for the percentage that this water makes up. Furthermore with the different
quantities of substance in each trial that percentage manifests itself as different quantities which
affect the uncertainty to different degrees. Therefore if time allows for the experimenter it would be
suggested to use the same crucible and lid for each trial, thoroughly cleaning and drying it between
trials. It would also be suggested to use the same amount of substance for each

The Influence Of Bach
Carl Friedrich Zelter, the conductor of the Berlin Singakademie was another primary character in the
19th century revival of Bach's vocal music. He performed some of Bach's motets and showed Bach's
music to many of his colleagues and students. Zelter exposed Eduard Devrient and Mendelsshon to
the St. Matthew Passion and allowed Mendelssohn to conduct it in 1829. (Arnold, Bach, 89–90.)
This time the audience reacted very well, in terms of the music and its religious significance.
Reports of the perfoamcne circulated throughout Germany. This began to transform the revival from
a cult to a popular movement. The St. Matthew Passion was produced in many German towns in the
early 1830s. Then performed by the Berlin Singakademie in 1833 and the ... Show more content on
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His popularity has waxed and waned in the 20th century, particularly around the two World Wars,
but there's certainly no doubt that he has become a steady part of the cultural society. The slow rise
of his popularity during the end of the 18th century culminated in the 19th century Revival where he
finally received recognition for the originality and beautiful complexity of his music, the very
qualities for which it was critized in his own

Comparing Notre Dame Mass And The Kyrie Of Palestrina's
"Agnus Dei" of Guillaume Machaut's Notre Dame Mass and the "Kyrie" of Palestrina's Pope
Marcellus Mass is similar in that both have a polyphonic texture throughout the piece. The pieces
have three different sections that repeat the same text. Both pieces also call forth the spirit of a
Gregorian Chant. Not only are they polyphonic, but also they are part of the five sung prayers of the
Ordinary Mass. Both pieces have inspired some of the greatest chorale work.
Machaut composed his piece during the mid–fourteenth century and it is one of the most well
known compositions of the Middle Ages. It holds a great historical important because it is the first
polyphonic treatment of the mass ordinary by a known composer. Palestrina composed ... Show
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In the recording used, the mass is performed by the Hilliard Ensemble, using six unaccompanied
male voices. Agnus Dei is a solemn and elaborate piece that is in triple meter. In the mass, two lower
voices, one being a tenor, sing a theme based upon a rhythmically altered Gregorian Chant, known
as cantus firmus. While the two lower voices sing a cantus firmus, the upper voice parts are
rhythmically active and use syncopation. These four parts create complex rhythmic patterns that
contribute to its intensity. The harmonies of Machaut's piece contain dissonances, hollowing
sounding chords and full triads. Mchaut uses musical elements in his performances like syncopation,
dissonance and church modes. Church Modes consist of seven different tones and an eight tone that
dupicates the first an octave higher. The patterns of whole and half steps in church modes are
different from those of major and minor scales. The mass is in three sections, and in each section,
the same text appears. The text is only different when miserere nobis changes to dona nobis pacem
in the third section of the mass. Section A and B are alike in mood, rhythm, and texture and end with
a hollow–sounding

Lab Report Of Freezing Point Of Cyclohexanol
Jacob Winter
Chem 101–103
11/7/16
Freezing Point Depression
Introduction:
The purpose of this lab experiment is to calculate the change in the freezing point of cyclohexanol
and a solution made with cyclohexanol to find the molar mass of the unknown solute. The
colligative properties of solutions are based on the concentration of molecules rather than the
identity of the chemical. Freezing point, a colligative property of a solution, is constant in any
substance and does not rely on the amount given. For any solution composted of two or more
components, there is one solvent and one or more solutes. The major amount is the solvent and the
minor amounts are the solutes. When solutes are dissolved in solvents, the solution's freezing point
is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be accounted for in the sample of cyclohexanol. The experiment must have had a
contaminated sample of cyclohexanol, rather than a pure sample. This accounts for the difference in
the experimental values and the actual values.
Conclusion:
By demonstrating the application of a colligative property of a solution, the change in freezing point
observed between the cyclohexanol and the solution with the cyclohexanol as the solvent can be
used to calculate the unknown solute's molar mass. The data in the lab was graphed and shown in
the cooling curve. Bases off the data on the graph, the freezing points are shown where the
temperature remains constant. Using the freezing points, the difference of freezing point was
calculated. The molality of solution was calculated in the lab using the molar mass of the unknown
solution from the given previous data. The data in the lab showed the molar mass of the unknown
solute to be off from the given molar mass in the lab. This can be explained through contamination.
Theoretically, it was learned that by calculating the freezing point of an unknown substance, it can
be identified. The lab showed important techniques in using a graph

Walter Hilse
Otakar Šourek, Antonín Dvořák: His Life and Works (New York: The Greystone Press, 1941), 276.
Beveridge, Zdenka and Josef Hlavka–Anna and Antonín Dvořák, 99–100.
Šourek, Antonín Dvořák: Letters and Reminiscences, 138–39.
Jan Smaczny, The Work of Antonin Dvořák (1841–1904): Dvořák and Early Music, ed. Jarmila
Gabrielova, and Jan Kachlik (Prague: Institute of Ethnology, 2007), 311–12.
Walter Hilse, "Dvořák: Mass in D Major, Opus 86," The Musical Quartetly Vol 62, no.1 (January
1976): 150.
The piece begins with sopranos without organ introduction (only later Dvořák added two bars of
introduction in the orchestra version). The musical structure is mainly polyphonic, in which every
voice at one time or another presents the theme and no voice is limited to the role of mere
accompaniment. Dvořák set the word "kyrie" syllabically and the word "eleison" melismatically (see
Example 5.6), the result it a layering in which each voice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The rhythm of this section also lends a sense of sincerity and anxiety to the words "Christ, have
mercy," while the ascending entrances (tenor, bass, alto, soprano) in measures 73–77 intensify the
emotional impact.
"Christe eleison" begins in the key of G minor, the subdominant minor of the principal key of the
work (D major), but moves through B–flat and B minor before ending on the dominant of D major.
The first fourteen measures are assigned for soloists.
In measures 78–80, Dvořák appears to be preparing to end the section, but when the soprano comes
in with the ascending sequences in measures 81–85, the mood is brought to the climax of the
movement (see Example 5.8). The impact of this passage is especially strong when the four parts
come in an a cappella, homophonic structure in measures 85–90. The dynamic shifts from ff to pp,
ending calmly in section B, having set the mood

Election and Public Opinion Essay
Ch. 5
1. Political Party: group of individuals who seek to control government through winning elections.
2. Plurality: the largest number of votes cast for the office
3. Incumbent: current officeholder
4. Splinter Parties: those individuals who have split away from one of the major parties
5. Major Parties: American Politics, Republican and Democratic parties
6. Bipartisan: two major parties find common ground, in this endeavor.
7. Electorate: the people eligible to vote.
8. Precinct: smallest unit of election administration; the voters in each precinct report to one polling
area.
9. Partisanship: secure commitment to a political party is the source for government action.
10. Pluralistic Society: contains of several diverse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– Changes in the technology of campaigning for office–especially the heavy use of television and of
the Internet, professional campaign managers, and direct–mail advertising
Ch.7
15. Nomination: the naming of those who will seek office
16. Closed Primary: party nominating where declared party members can vote
17. Precinct: a voting district
18. Soft Money: used for party building activities given by the local state.
19. General Election: regularly scheduled elections at which voters make the selection of
officeholders
20. Open Primary: any qualified voter can take part in this nomination
21. Ballot: a device were voter registers a choice in a election
22. Hard Money: campaign money that is subject to regulation by the FEC
23. Caucus: is a group of like–minded people who meet to select the candidates they will support in
an upcoming election.
24. Absentee Voting: voting by those unable to attend the polling place
25. Political Action Committee: political groups which have a major take on public policy
26. Direct Primary: is an intra–party election
27. Coattail Effect: when a strong candidate helps other candidates in the election by parties ticket.
28. Subsidy: grant of money from the government
Questions
12. What are the five broad categories that describe the way most nominations are made?
– Self–announcement

– Caucus
–

Johann Sebastian Bach: One Of The Greatest Western...
Johann Sebastian Bach is now considered one of the greatest western composers of all time. Bach
was born on March 31, 1685 (N.S.), in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. He had many positions as an
organist during the early 18th century, creating famous compositions like "Toccata and Fugue in D
minor." At a young age, Johann Bach was taught by his father to play the violin and the harpsichord
in there own spacious home. Bach was a good learner, and student. His famous uncle Johann
Christoph Bach was organist at the Georgenkirche in Eisenach, and later taught him to play the
organ, and that's where it all started. Not only was Bach a good learner, he was also a great teacher.
Bach taught each of his five sons music and they all became successful

From The Diary Of Virginia Woolf
The eight movement song cycle "From the Diary of Virginia Woolf" is a musical setting of excerpts
from Virginia Woolf's famed diary by American composer Dominick Argento. Each of the eight
diary excerpts is presented chronologically as its own musical movement. The selected entires range
from Woolf's first entry (April 1919) to Woolf's last entry (March 1941). The diary text is brought to
life through Argento's highly annotated musical setting. The score is written using a twelve–tone
row which is repeated throughout the cycle in both the piano and vocal part. In addition to the
twelve–tone row, dramatic motivic themes and contrasting create an emotional journey for the
listener experiencing Woolf's diary. I. THE DIARY The first movement ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This theme is made up of four sustained bell–like tones that create a pair of major sixth intervals.
The major sixth intervals are separated by a whole step and are first ascending following by
descending. Argento subtly quotes the haunting minor second anacrusis figure from the opening of
the movement down an octave in the alto part. The bass of the piano calmly arpeggiates a G Major
triad. FIGURE 3: "The Diary", measures thirteen to fourteen At measure thirty–one, the C section of
the rondo begins with a calming and reoccurring E Major chord pedal point. The vocal line quotes
the interval of a major sixth from the "arching half note theme", unifying the B and C section. A
brief rhythmic quoting of the opening anacrusis also occurs, but for the first time as a major second
(see Figure 4). After a final appearance of the twelve–tone row, the piano coda concludes the song
quoting both the "contemplation theme" and the "arching half note

Programme Notes Atcl
ATCL Recital (Piano) Karen Wing Yee Lai 11th May, 2010 11:15 am
Parsons Music, Time Square
Programme J.S. Bach Prelude and Fugue in D minor BWV 851 [duration]
J. Haydn
Sonata in E flat major Hob. XVI:49 I: Allegro II: Adagio e cantabile III: Finale: Tempo di Minuet
[duration]
F. Schubert
Impromptu in G flat major Op. 90 No. 3
[duration]
F. Poulenc
Trois Novelettes No.1 and No.2 I: C major II: B flat minor
[duration]
[total duration]
Prelude and Fugue in D minor BWV 851 (from the Well –tempered Clavier Part I) Johann
Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
J.S. Bach was a German composer and organist. His music was important in the baroque period and
is one of the greatest composers of all time. This prelude and fugue in D minor is the ... Show more
He composed many keyboard pieces for his earlier compositions and as he aged moved on to
writing more solemn and austere pieces, many for woodwind. The Trois Novelettes are three short
pieces composed for solo piano. The third novelette was written in 1959 and was later added. The

first novelette, in C major, is an example of his illustrative multi–layered piano writing. This was
composed in 1927. With the charming melody, this piece is tuneful and song –like. The piece has
many sections, each with a different texture . The style is very dreamy. This feeling can be brought
out with the fuzzy pedalling and the melody ringing out on top. The second novelette, in B flat
minor, is very rhythmic and playful, similar to the style of a Scherzo. It was composed a year after
the first. There are many chords and accented notes, with a contrast of the melodic slurred notes and
jumpy staccato notes.
(170 words)
Total: 678

Static Equilibrium: Forces and Torques
RYERSON UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
LAB REPORT
FOR
PCS 211 SECTION **
EXPERIMENT: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM – FORCES AND TORQUES
EXPERIMENTERS: ***** ********* ***** *********
AUTHORS OF THIS REPORT *** ***
EXPERIMENT PERFORMED ON: ***
REPORT SUBMITTED ON: ***
INSTRUCTOR: ***
PRE–LAB QUESTIONS:
1) What is meant by static equilibrium?
The meaning of static equilibrium can be explored by first examining the definition of equilibrium.
Equilibrium means that an object is at rest or that the objects center of mass moves at constant
velocity relative to the observer.
Static equilibrium is the case where an object is at rest. An object is at rest or at static equilibrium
when the net force ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. Data was recorded in a table.
PART 3: EQUILIBRIUM WITH PARALLEL FORCES
1. Started with a similar mass of M=500g at a distance l, along the ruler from the pivot. 2. The end
of the ruler was supported with a second newton scale P. 3. F and P were adjusted to achieve static
equilibrium. 4. Figure 3. Part III: Equilibrium with parallel forces
F, Mg and P were recorded in a table. 5. Steps 3 and 4 were repeated at other values of M and l. 6. A
full table was filled with all the performed products.
OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:

Mass of ruler: m = 0.2150±5.0e–6kg
CALCULATIONS PART I:
PART I: DETERMINATION OF THE CENTER OF GRAVITY:
Trials | d (m)±0.005m | F (N)±0.05N | Tg (Nm)Nm | a | 0.60 | 1.9 | 1.14 | b | 0.70 | 1.7 | 1.19 | c | 0.80
| 1.5 | 1.20 |
xcm=position of center of gravity on ruler
0–mgxcm+Fd=0
xcm=Fdmg
a)xcm=(1.9N)(0.6m)0.2150kg9.8ms2=0.54m
b)xcm=(1.7N)(0.7m)0.2150kg9.8ms2=0.56m
c)xcm=(1.5N)(0.8m)0.2150kg9.8ms2=0.57m
Average xcm=0.54m+0.56m+0.57m3=0.56±0.005m
PART II: EQUILIBRIUM WITH PARALLEL FORCES
OBSERVATION TABLE PART II
Table 2. Equilibrium with Parallel Forces
Tg=mgxcm a) 0.2150kg9.8ms20.54m=1.14Nm b) 0.2150kg9.8ms20.56m=1.18Nm c)
0.2150kg9.8ms20.57m=1.20m
Mgl
a) 0.500kg9.81ms20.20m=1.0Nm b) 0.400kg9.81ms20.30m=1.2Nm c)
0.300kg9.81ms20.25m=0.7Nm

Johann Sebastian Bach Speech
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on 21 March 1685 in Eisenach, duchy of Saxe–Eisenach (modern–
day Germany). Bach was the youngest of 8 children. He was born into a family that consisted of
many professional musicians, including Johann Ludwig Bach, another well–known composer.
Sebastian Bach's father, Johann Ambrosius Bach worked as a town musician and it is believed that
Ambrosius taught him the violin and basic music theory. By the age of 10, both of his parents had
died and Sebastian had begun living with his oldest brother Johann Christoph Bach who was an
organist at St. Michael's Church. While living with his brother, Sebastian studied and performed
music while being taught the clavichord. Throughout the five years he spent with his brother,
Sebastian Bach was introduced to the works of many German, French and Italian composers. By
April 3, 1700, Sebastian Bach enrolled in St. Michaels School in Luneburg. Bach had a soprano
singing voice and was a part of the school's choir. During his time at the school however, his voice
changed and eventually he switched to playing the violin and harpsichord. He was greatly
influenced by his organ teacher George Bohm and from watching performances by German organist
Johann Adam Reincken. Bach graduated from St. Michael's School in January 1703. He was later
appointed to be the musician for the chapel of Duke Johann Ernst III in Weimar. There he served as
a violinist and occasionally filled in as the official organist. His seven months

Kepler 's Laws Of Planetary Motion
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer.
Best known for his laws of planetary motion, Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution in
the 17th century. His laws illustrate the fundamental properties of the orbits of the planets and were
also a precursor to the formulation of Newton's law of gravitation. Biography: Kepler was
introduced to astronomy in his early years and developed a passion for it, which would span his
entire life. At age six, he observed the Great Comet of 1577. At age nine, he observed another
astronomical event, a lunar eclipse in 1580. While in school, Kepler had proven to be an excellent
mathematician and earned a reputation as a skillful astrologer, being able to cast horoscopes for
fellow students. He also learnt both the Ptolemaic system and the Copernican system of planetary
motion and, similar to Copernicus, believed that the sun was the centre of the solar system. He
became a mathematics and astronomy teacher at a school in Graz, despite his desire to become a
minister, but soon left to Prague and met Tycho Brahe. Tycho Brahe: Brahe, from a rich Danish
noble family, was fascinated by the vast solar system and the universe. Disappointed with the
accuracy of the data for the motions of the planets at the time, he decided to dedicate his life and
resources to recording planetary positions, which proved to be far more accurate than the best
previous work. After some early successes, and

Essay On The Baroque Era
The Baroque era existed between 1600–1750, it was an era of freedom in composition,
improvisation, drama and urgency which was present in many aspects throughout the era.Historical
event took place, such as the thirty year war which occurred between the years 1618–1648, the
discovery of New York by Henry Hudson in 1626, building of St. Peter's square in 1656 and the
ruling of different kings in this time period. Through the work of Bach,Vivaldi and Handel, the
Roman Catholic Church, dramatic aspects and writing for royalty are ideas and influences that make
this era distinct from other eras.
The Roman Catholic Church played a major influence on the music played and composed, this is
specifically shown in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach was born on March 31, 1685 and is
a major composer associated with the Baroque era, he was an organist and composer that worked in
different churches. His later works in leipzig revolved around the church and creating musical
interpretations of the bible. The St. Matthew's passion written in 1727– 1729 by Bach portrays the
story from Matthew's gospel about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antonio Vivaldi, born in 1678 was a composer who was successful and known for his concertos.
The Four Seasons, written in 1720 by Vivaldi is a concerto which consisted of alternation between a
solo instrument and the orchestra, this created a dramatic sound within the music because of the
tension build up between the soloist and the orchestra. Dramatic aspects are also shown through
another one of Vivaldi's concertos called Concerto for Two Trumpets, this also featured alternation
between soloist and the rest of the orchestra. The soloists were trumpets where they were showcased
in the piece. Through the works of Vivaldi it is shown that baroque composers used drama to make
their pieces more

Differences Between Mass And Projected Area And Mass Of...
The last nine experiments listed in Table 1 have reported the projected area and mass of the
firebrands. Fig. 3 depicts the PDF and contour plots for OWB7. Figs. 3a and b, represent the PDF
for the firebrands at 4 meter and 18 meters from the fire front respectively. Considering Fig. 3c, we
can realize that the correlation between mass and projected area of firebrand is stronger than
projected area and the traveling distance of the brands. This fact is more obvious at closer distances.
Moreover, the analysis of results of this experiment shows that larger brands can fly further away
from the fire which sometimes is not in agreement with other experiments. The available data at 4
meter and 18 meter from the fire has been compared in Fig. 3d. We can observe that heavier brands
could travel further with the wind. In addition, it is understandable that the mean and standard
deviation values for mass and area of the firebrands at further distances are larger which means that
we have more variety of sizes there.
The PDF and contour plots for IWB1 are plotted in Fig. 4 and Fig.4a shows the PDF for both dry
and wet trays. Since we did not have access to individual brand information, using the presented
table in their paper, Table 7 here, we assume the average value of area for each category and for
S>4, we assumed the brand area is 5 cm2. The number of the brands in the wet tray is greater than
that of the dry tray since many brands have blown away from the dry tray and burned out

The Density Den ( Experiment 4.3 )
The Density Den (Experiment 4.3)
Taken from Obook (aim, materials and method)
Date: Monday 15th June
Partners: Nicole and Grace
Introduction:
– When people think of Archimedes they often think of the famous tale of his bath, and how he
helped discover density whilst unknowingly using the displacement method. –
Density is the mass and volume of substances which is different in the 3 states of matter. The density
of the 3 matters can often be affiliated with the amount of space in–between the particles. In the
matter gas particles are quite spread out so they have a low density whether as in the matter Solid
particles are tightly packed together and have a higher density.
Density is often used when comparing the heaviness of two objects.
STATION A
Aim: To measure the density of liquid water
Materials:
10–mL measuring cylinder
50–mL measuring cylinder
Electronic balance
Water
Calculator
Method:
1.Measure the mass of the 10–mL measuring cylinder. Record its mass in grams.
2. Remove the measuring cylinder from the balance and add 6.0 mL of water to it.
3. Measure the mass of the cylinder and water. Calculate the mass of the water by subtracting kkthe
mass of the cylinder from the combined mass of the cylinder and water.
4. Calculate the density of the water (see Numeracy lab on page 145) and record your answer.
5. Repeat the experiment with the 50–mL measuring cylinder and 20mL of water. Calculate the
kkdensity of water.
6. To obtain the third measurement of the

The Iconic Lives of Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van...
In this essay I will be talking about two of the most iconic musicians of their times and even today.
Johann Sebastian Bach from the Baroque era and Ludwig van Beethoven from the classical era.
Both of those musicians were a great influences to our music culture today. Here I will try to
compare their musical lives and talk about each of the musicians. I will look into their works and
compare their styles, rhythm, texture, form, melodic contour, harmonic orientation and the time of
each composition. We will look into live styles, music background and major contributions of
Johann Bach and Ludwig Beethoven.
Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21st, 1685 in in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany. He was
from a family of musicians and learned to play the harpsichord, violin and the organ. Bach was
given a religious education and it affected his life, he was profoundly religious. He first job was a
court musician, he worked different positions as an organist which allowed him to write church
cantatas. He wrote a number of famous works the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, The Well–
Tempered Clavier and Mass in B Minor. In 1723 he was given a position where he can both teach
and create church music. In 1733 Bach created Mass in B Minor that got him a position as a royal
court composer to the King of Poland. Bach created The Art of Fugue in 1749 and on July 28 in
1749 he passed away after having a stroke. He is known to be a composer that can put notes together
like no one else.
Ludwig

College Admissions Essay: Choosing My Name
Choices Not many people are given the option to choose their name, but I was. The pressure of
choosing my identity was overwhelming, but the opportunity allowed me to label myself with
significant names. The ability I was given to choose my nickname, Gabi, and my Confirmation
name, Agatha, allowed me to select names that represent my personality. My nickname, Gabi, fits
my tentative personality. My nickname comes from the Princess of Monaco, Gabriella. Princess
Gabriella was being interviewed on Good Morning America, when my mom saw how the princess
spelled her nickname, G–a–b–i. After the Good Morning America episode, my parents presented me
with two options for a nickname, G–a–b–i or G–a–b–b–y. Being the indecisive person I am, I went
by both names. First grade was my first year with two teachers, and for my morning class, I went by
G–a–b–i, and for my afternoon class, I went by G–a–b–b–y. After many phone calls home, I decided
I would go by G–a–b–i. While I struggle to make decisions, the decision made in first grade is one
of my proudest decisions. Therefore, the nickname, Gabi, reminds me of a confident ... Show more
A main component to my personality is that I hate disappointing people. My Mother and Gramma
insisted on my Confirmation, while I had no interest. Confirmation is an important event in the
Catholic Church because Confirmation signifies becoming an adult. My family tries their best to
attend Church, but usually only attend Christmas and Easter Mass. Considering I was not a regular
Mass attendee, I felt that I should not be accepting this honor because I do not have the education or
interest that many others had. I struggled to explain to my family that I did not want to be
Confirmed, so I gave in and got Confirmed. Although I was guilted into Confirmation, I was glad to
see my Mother and Gramma proud of me. Furthermore, my Confirmation name depicts my
thoughtful

Johann Sebastian Bach Research Paper
Johann Sebastian Bach is known as the most influential organists of all time. More so, he is
considered one of the greatest composers in music history. Born into a family of musicians, he was
instructed by his father, Johann Ambrosius, who worked as a musician in Eisenach. Bach already
had the thriving urge to take on various musical positions. His family of musicians stretches back as
far as seven generations. Johann was born on March 31, 1685 in Eisenach, Germany. Some of his
best known compositions are "Mass in B minor" and "The Well–Tempered Clavier".
At age seven, Bach attended school where he gained religious instruction and studied various
subjects, such as Latin. However, Bach's Lutheran faith subjective his work as a musician. By ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bach's reputation was growing. He was a great performer. Another job he had was as an organist at
the New Church in Arnstadt. His main contributions was as a musical instruction and performer of
religious music for church services. At times Bach could be a conceited man. He didn't cooperate
well with his students. Church officials had reprimanded him for not rehearsing them often. While
on leave from the church for a couple of weeks. Bach went to Lubeck to visit famed Dietrich
Buxtehude. However, he extended his visit for seven months. Eventually, no one heard from him
and that didn't help the situation he was in. Awoken with joy, Bach received a new position as an
organist in Muhlhausen at the Church of St. Blaise. The joy quickly ended with his new job because
the pastor of the church wasn't in favor of Bach's playing style. His musical style during this time
was bursting with complex arrangements incorporating different lines of melody. Like most church
music in this period, the pastor preferred the music to be simple and delicate. Two of his famous
pieces during this time is the "Acut Tragicus". After spending a year in Muhlhausem, he won the
organist spot at the court of Duke Wilhelm Ernst in Weimar. While working for the duke, he
composed some of his best compositions. Some of his works included the "Fugue in D minor" and
"Heart and Mouth and Deed". In 1717, Bach was offered a new position with Prince Leopold.
However, he was imprisoned for about two months by Duke Wilhelm Ernst because he didn't have a
reason to let him go. Finally in December of the year, Bach was released and continued on at

A Look At The Sound Of Music
A Look at the Sound of Music As a college student, I have seen innumerable people walking by with
their headphones in, using music to block out the rest of the world. With the convenience of an
iPhone or other smart phone, listening to music has become so casual. With the press of a button,
voila! Miley Cyrus is at the tips of your fingertips. It's become so normalized that these same people
seldom think about the science behind that noise in your ear. A disturbance in space results in a
periodic wave which propagates through that space, usually transferring energy ("Introduction to
Waves"). This transfer of energy can be explained by the conservation of momentum and energy in
collisions. Momentum is never lost; kinetic energy may be lost. If kinetic energy is conserved, the
collision was elastic; if the kinetic energy was transferred, the collision was inelastic.
Momentum is a vector, defined as p=mv, where momentum equals mass times the velocity at which
the mass travels. The rate of change of momentum is that mass's net force, defined as ∑▒〖F=∆p/
∆t〗, where force is equal to change in momentum over a given time interval ("Lecture 12:
Momentum").
Mechanical energy is equal to the sum of kinetic (KE) and potential energy (PE), derived from the
law of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system is conserved
(Tuckerman). Potential energy is energy that is associated with some force, and is thus dependent on
its initial position. Potential

Mkt 421
1) Big Fizz Co., a manufacturer of cola–flavored drinks, wants to add packaged fruit juices to its
existing product line. Big Fizz must make some decisions regarding packaging and branding the
fruit juices. These decisions would fall under which variable of the marketing mix? A. Product B.
Place C. Promotion D. Price 2) Hewlett–Packard sells personal computers through specialty
computer stores, electronics superstores, and its own Internet site. What is the marketing mix
variable that is being considered here? A. Price B. Promotion C. Product D. Place 3) Marketing
strategy planners should recognize that: A. target markets should not be large and spread out B.
mass marketing is often very effective and desirable C. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Shopping products are those products for which customers usually want to use routinized buying
behavior. C. Specialty products are those that customers usually are least willing to search for. D.
Unsought products are not shopped for at all. 14) The attitudes and behavior patterns of consumers
making a purchasing decision are part of the A. political environment B. social and cultural
environment C. competitive environment D. firm 's resources and objectives 15) The observing
method in marketing research A. uses personal interviews B. may require customers to change their
normal shopping behavior C. is used to gather data without consumers being influenced by the
process D. is not suitable for obtaining primary data 16) The first step in market segmentation
should be A. deciding what new product you could develop B. evaluating what segments you
currently serve C. finding a demographic group likely to use your products D. defining some broad
product–markets where you may be able to operate profitably 17) The product life cycle A.
describes the stages a new product idea goes through from beginning to end B. has three major
stages C. applies to categories or types of products as opposed to brands D. shows that sales and
profits tend to move together over time 18) Which of the following is one of the product life cycle
stages? A. Market analysis B. Market growth C. Market feedback D. Market

Mass Casuality Stages
Various stages of mass casualty Perry B Keaton Mass Casualty Management Planning – 1
Instructor: Jamie Onion November 05, 2015 Various stages of mass casualty–1 Whenever disaster or
mass casualty happen their will injuries and life lost. In order to care for these individual we must
separate them by category for the least serious to the most critical ones. To care for the individual
certain areas are set up into three four different stage s. The first stage consist of the Hot Zone is the
most contaminated area, typically requiring that responders wear some level of personal protective
equipment. Another zone is the warm area where most of your decontamination work takes place. If
these sites are not broken down into smaller section there would be mass confusion on which
individual to treat first. That way it is important to separate by category and injuries. Explain why
triage, treatment, decontamination, and morgue areas should be separated from one another. Triage
treatment is very important because it separate your least injury to the most critical individual.
Starting with the minor injuries which are not life threaten these individual would more likely
receive care last. But on the other hand Delay victims require stabilization and will survive for
several hours once stabilized. For the more immediately injuries these individual will be make it if
treatment is receive on a timely fashion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This area is usually e set up outside of the triage area and before the treatment areas. Victims who
have been decontaminated are checked for the presence of contaminants before being

Differences Between Bach And Vivaldi
As I reviewed the list of concert options, I chose option 4 from the concert list including Bach and
Vivaldi both composer of the baroque era. In the first YouTube option: Bach– B Minor Mass the
performing ensemble consisted of Johann Sebastian Bach, Joelle Harvey a soprano, Carolyn
Sampson a soprano, Iestyn Davies a counter–tenor, Ed Lyon a tenor as well, Matthew Rose serving
as a bass, and lastly the conductor which was Harry Bicket. The English Concert was the name of
this performance, performed by Choir of the English Concert. The location in which the
performance took place was the Royal Albert Hall on the second day of August in the year of two
thousand twelve. During the late baroque era in the years of 1710–1750 is when this musical ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fugue during the baroque era and in B Minor Bass consisted of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass
each of which were sung and performed in this orchestra production. Essentially each piece begins
and ends with paired choruses, indicating tender arias in each movement. Each movement
throughout Bach– B Minor Mass symbolizes spiritual convictions and during this era religion was
very important. The performance was very well developed and conducted in my opinion. As I
continued to listen to each piece and watch each performance I identified the meaning behind music
in the baroque era. Each choral and instrumental section was split into distinct parts of the stage,
allowing the best implicated sound to be conducted in the orchestra. When listening to each
movement of Bach's orchestral art it is heard to be simplistic but unique which catches the attention
of all listeners. Due to this music being closely related to religion all the religious people of this era
and of today adore the improvising of Bach not only in B Minor Mass but also in a variety of his
other musical movements. In all, the description of this performance was a creative musical

Geographic Center Of The United States
GEOGRAPHIC CENTER OF THE UNITED STATES
MATH 166
Ian Gilley, Kelvin Brandl, Kayla Muehlhauser, Nathan Koehler, Justin Ebnet, Kylie Bentz Our
method for determining the center of mass of each state is split up into five steps. The first two, file
conversion and sorting, gave a huge amount of raw data, and then condensed it into a workable
form. The third step converted latitude and longitude coordinates into kilometers. The fourth step
took the trapezoids formed by the previous steps and calculated their moments with respect to the x
and y axis's. Finally, the conversions were reversed to give the center of mass. All of the states were
downloaded as shapefiles from the National Boundary Dataset maintained by the USGS. Then then
the .shp files were converted to .kmz with ArcMap10.4, and then converted to .kml with Google
Earth. Then the approximately 30,000 latitude and longitude coordinates for each state were saved
as a .txt file and imported into Excel. The shapefiles gave a coordinate approximately every 400
meters along straight edges of states, and approximately every 200 meters along rivers and other
curved features, and went out to the eighth decimal place. The territorial seas of costal states which
extend three nautical miles out from the low water mark, and the state boundaries that extend into
the Great Lakes and other bodies of water were included in the laminar sheet. Small islands such as
the Florida Keys and those off the coast of California were assumed to

Essay On Why We Need To Get Rid Of Nuclear Weapons
Military weapons have highly been feared by many people, but not as much as nuclear weapons.
The Manhattan Project was responsible in the creation of the first nuclear bomb; during World War
II the U.S. was the first nation to ever drop the bomb on Japan. Thus leading to a nuclear arms race,
where many world leaders stated that nuclear weapons protect the world. No, nuclear weapons do
not make the world a better place; we need to get rid of nuclear weapons in order to prevent nuclear
terrorism, to avoid nuclear accidents, and to stop the threat of a mass nuclear genocide.
Furthermore, nuclear weapons can cause nuclear accidents, these weapons could detonate at any
time, exposing cities and urban areas, while being transported from one military facility to another.
This leads to an immense amount of damage at the center of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1958, Mars Bluff, South Carolina, a B–47 aircraft, carrying a jettisoned nuclear weapon, fell and
set off on the garden of the Gregg family. The detonation formed a crater 50–70 feet wide and 25–30
feet deep, the home of the family was completely destroyed; five other houses and a churches were
also heavily damaged. Thus, leading to minor injuries on the members of the Gregg family. During a
routine maintenance, on September, 8 1980, on a Titan II silo, an underground area where a guided
missile is kept ready for firing. A repairman dropped a heavy wrench; rolled off and fell toward the
missile, causing pressurized fuel to leak; the complex was evacuated and while a team of specialists
tried to fix the problem. Within hours, fuel vapors ignited and exploded, the explosion killed a
member of the team, and twenty–one heavily injured, the missile contained a nuclear warhead,
which caused

Influence of Baroque Music to Classical Music
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Music of any period reflects, in its own way, some of the same
influences, tendencies, and generative impulses that are found in the other arts of that time (Donna,
2005). Thus the word "baroque," usually used despairingly by eighteenth–century art critics to
describe the art and architecture of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, came to be
applied also to the music of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. After some years after
the death of Johann Sebastian Bach, the ornate, formal and strict form of the High Baroque became
"old–fashion" and lost its favor. Music slowly began to change form the style and forms of the High
Baroque to a simpler yet tuneful form around 1750. The period ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This group of individuals is known as the Florentine Camerata, they wanted lines to be sung instead
of simply being spoken (Styles of the Baroque Period). The group developed a new vocal style
based on the music of the ancient Greek tragedy. This new style followed the rhythms and pitch
fluctuations of speech. It was sung by a soloist with only a simple chordal accompaniment and was,
thus, homophonic; the Camerata rejected polyphony because it would obscure the all–important text
(Kamien, 2008). Together with the opera, the oratorio stands as a major development in baroque
vocal music. Like opera, the oratorio is a large–scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and
orchestra usually performed during the Lenten season in the oratory, from which its name was
derived; it is usually set to a narrative text. Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no acting,
scenery, or costumes. Most oratorios are based on biblical stories, but usually they are not intended
for religious services (Tovey, 1956) The genre reached its heights in the late baroque period in the
works of George Frederic Handel such as the Messiah with its well–known chorus of continuous
praise of Hallelujah. Likewise, the baroque mass is an instrumentally accompanied vocal music
tended to be a conservative musical form. As the seventeenth century progressed, masses began to
incorporate concertato style and to have instrumental accompaniments. These

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