This document contains a collection of images and their sources related to electrocardiography (ECG). Most images are from Wikimedia Commons and are available under Creative Commons licenses that allow for sharing and adapting with attribution. A few images are from other open sources like Life in the Fast Lane. The document provides citations and links for each image to allow proper attribution when used.

1. Image from Flickr User Rosmarie Voegtli: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rvoegtli/5343361247/sizes/l

2. Most of the images used are mine or under a creative commons license
or are in the public domain. Sources of the other images (ie tracings from
journals) are cited.

3. Image from Wikimedia users Quasar, Mnokal, and Silvia3:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Action_potential_ventr_myocyte.gif

4. Image from Wikimedia users Diberri and Silvia3:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacemaker_potential_annotated.gif

6. Heart is a public domain image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray501.png and cardiac conduction system is an image from
Wikimedia user Madhero88: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_heart.svg

8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Willem_Einthoven_ECG.jpg

9. From image created by Wikimedia user Kychot. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG-Einthoven-triangle.svg
VI = ΦL - ΦR
VII = ΦF - ΦR
VIII = ΦF - ΦL

10. Image by Rick Manning from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG_Vector.svg

12. Image derived from original vector graphics by Wikimedia User Jmarchn: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limb_leads_2_CAT.svg

13. Image from Wikimedia User Kychot:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG-Wilson-R.svg
ΦWCL =
(ΦRA + ΦLA + ΦLL)
3

14. Image from Wikimedia User Npatchett: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EKG_limb_leads.png
VaVF = ΦF −
(ΦL + ΦR)
2
VaVL = ΦLA −
(ΦR + ΦF)
2
VaVR = ΦRA −
(ΦL+ ΦF)
2
VVF = ΦF −
(ΦL +ΦR+ΦF)
3
VVL = ΦLA −
(ΦL +ΦR+ΦF)
3
VVR = ΦRA −
(ΦL +ΦR+ΦF)
3

15. Image from Wikimedia User Npatchett: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EKG_limb_leads.png

16. Public domain image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hexaxial_reference_system.svg
Einthoven’s triangle from image created by Wikimedia user Kychot. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG-Einthoven-triangle.svg
Limb Lead Image from Wikimedia user Jmarchn: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Limb_leads_2_CAT.svg

18. Image from Wikimedia User Kychot:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG-Wilson-R.svg
ΦWCL =
(ΦRA + ΦLA + ΦLL)
3

19. Image of Precordial Leads by Wikimedia User Mikael Häggström: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Precordial_leads_in_ECG.png
Othe image is public domain: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECGcolor.svg

20. Apple images from Wikimedia user benjamint44 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Granny_Smith_Apples.jpg
and user Rasbak: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sterappel_dwarsdrsn.jpg

21. Image from Wikimedia User Npatchett:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Directions_of_EKG_leads.png

22. Image from Ed Burns of Life In the Fast Lane http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/normal-sinus-rhythm/

23. Image by Wikimedia users Hazmat2 and Hank van Helvete:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EKG_Complex_en.svg

24. Public Domain Image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ECG_Paper_v2.svg

25. From Wikimedia user Madhero88: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Myocardial_infarction_ECG.svg

26. • 1500 / Number of small squares
• "Eye-balling" method
• Irregular Rhythms: Number of QRS complexes in a six
second strip x 10
Image from ECGpedia,.org: http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/File:Ecgfreq.png

27. Public Domain Image from Wikimedia users Agateller and atom:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SinusRhythmLabels.svg

29. Image from Ed Burns of Life In the Fast Lane http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/normal-sinus-rhythm/

30. Image from Wikimedia user Cburnett :
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Contiguous_leads.svg

31. Image from Ed Burns of Life In the Fast Lane http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/normal-sinus-rhythm/

32. Image from Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/sinus-tachycardia.jpg

33. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/sinus-bradycardia/

34. Image from Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/AF-2.jpg

36. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/premature-atrial-complex-pac/
Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/pvc/

37. Image from Heikenwaelder Hugo: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart.jpg

38. From Life in the Fast Lane Blog:
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-
library/basics/p-wave/

39. ECGfromECGPediaUserSecretariat,CreditedtoJSSGdeJong,MD:http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/File:E000004.jpg

40. Images from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-
library/basics/p-wave/
Credits Chung and Nelson’s “ECG – A Pictorial Primer“, URL:
http://www.medicine-on-line.com/html/ecg/e0001en.htm
V1

41. http://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/File:RVH.pnghttp://en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/File:LVH.png

42. From Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/left-ventricular-hypertrophy/

43. From Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/right-ventricular-hypertrophy/

44. Public domain image from the National Heart Lung and Blood Insitute (NIH):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atherosclerosis_2011.jpg
Public domain image from the National Heart Lung and Blood
Insitute (NIH):
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_attack-NIH.gif

45. Images from Life in the Fast Lane: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/myocardial-ischaemia/

46. Image from Life in the Fast Lane: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/myocardial-ischaemia/

47. Image from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/acs/changes.php

48. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/t-wave/

49. Public domain image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12_Lead_EKG_ST_Elevation_tracing_color_coded.jpg

50. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/inferior-stemi/

51. Heart is a public domain image from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray501.png and cardiac conduction system is an image from
Wikimedia user Madhero88: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electrical_conduction_system_of_the_heart.svg

52. Image from Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/left-bundle-branch-block/
Image from Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/right-bundle-branch-block/

53. Image from Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/left-bundle-branch-block/

54. Image from Life in the Fast Lane Blog: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/right-bundle-branch-block/

55. PR Interval
• 1st degree AVB – PR > 0.2 sec
• 2nd degree AVB
• Type I Mobitz – “Wenkebach”, progressively longer PR
then “dropped beat”
• Type II Mobitz – Sudden “dropped” beat
• 3rd degree AVB
• Atria and Ventricles are “independent” of each other
• Atrial rate > ventricular rate

56. Image from Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/1st-degree-heart-block-on-
call.jpg

57. Image from Life in the Fast Lane, Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Wenckebach.jpg

58. Image from Wikimedia user Jer5150: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Type_I_A-
V_block_5-to-4_Wenckebach_periods.png

59. Image from Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Mobitz_II.gif

60. Image from Wikimedia User Jer5150: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sinus_rhythm_with_3-to-
2_and_2-to-1_Type_II_A-V_block.png

61. Image from CardioNetworks / ECGPedia:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2_1_LBBB_RBBB_(CardioNetworks_ECGpedia).jpg

62. Image from Wikimedia User Jer5150: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Complete_A-
V_block_with_resulting_junctional_escape.png

63. Image from From Wikimedia user:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Stevenfruitsmaak

64. Public Domain image from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacemaker_NIH.jpg Image from Wikimedia User Lucien Monfils:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herzschrittmacher_auf_Roentgenbild.jpg

65. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/pacemaker/

66. Images from
http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-
library/basics/hyperkalaemia/

67. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hyperkalaemia/

68. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hyperkalaemia/

69. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hyperkalaemia/

70. Images from http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-
library/basics/hypokalaemia/

71. Images from http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hypokalaemia/

72. Images from http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hypokalaemia/

73. Image from http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/hypokalaemia/

74. Image and info from Wikimedia user Jer5150:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Combined_hyperkalemia_and_hyp
ocalcemia.png

75. Image from Dr. Michael Agbayani.

76. Image from Ed Burns: http://cdn.lifeinthefastlane.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/chb4.png

77. Image from Wikimedia User CardioNetworks: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De-Avnrt_ecg2_(CardioNetworks_ECGpedia).jpg

78. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/ventricular-tachycardia/

79. From Dr. Smith’s ECG Blog: http://hqmeded-ecg.blogspot.com/2013/10/polymorphic-ventricular-tachycardia.html

81. Image from Ed Burns: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/ventricular-fibrillation/

82. Image from Wikimedia user D Dinneen~commonswiki:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EKG_Asystole.jp
g

83. Holter image from Wikimedia user Misscurry:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holter_monitor#/media/File:Alex_CM4000.jpg

84. Brignole et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:167–73

85. Interpretation
• Standardization
• Rhythm
• Heart rate
• PR Interval / AV
conduction
• QRS Interval
• QT interval
• Mean QRS Axis
• P waves
• QRS voltages
• Precordial R Wave
Progression
• Abnormal Q Waves
• ST Segments
• T waves
• U waves

86. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Willem_Einthoven_ECG.jpg

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