music 10

1. William Billings —psalms and choral music.
Lowell Mason —Hymns and music education.
Mostly influenced by European music.
Inner turmoil —
Civil War Reconstruction
Shape-notes
Spirituals
Jazz

2. Music from 1900-1945
(Pre-World War II)

3. Pentatonic scale —
five note scale.
Whole-tone scale —
moves entirely by
whole steps.
Medieval modes.
Polytonality - 2 or more keys played at
the same time.
Quartal chords —
built on fourths instead
of thirds.

5. Each pitch is equal, there is no tonal center.
Each pitch must sound before any can be
repeated.
Tone row —
The melody
Retrograde —Tone row played
backwards.
Inversion —
Tone row played inverted.
Retrograde inversion - Tone row played
backwards and inverted.
Tone clusters —Adjacent pitches sounding at
once. TQ

6. WWII brings more death and destruction to
Europe and Far East.
30 million died artwork destroyed economic and
Immigration of refugees to US.
Cold War
Art, music and literature tend toward intellectualism
over emołłonalism.
Radical experimentation in sound led to use of
technology and developmentof popular music.
Cubism post-modernism.

7. Hungarian composer
influenced his music.

9. Socio-economic gap
expands.

10. Both students of
Berg uses strict forms

12. different songs at the
same time.)

13. Student of Schoenberg

14. Artistic movement
rooted in Germany,
Norway and Vienna.
Klimt and Kokoschka —
Schoenberg, Berg,
Webern —composers
Focus on inner states of
being and evocation of
extreme emotions
(anguish, fear, hatred
and death).

16. Originally an artistic
movement in which ” " --
lines are blurred and
details are left to the ”
viewer s imagination.
Impressionistmusic is
also harmonically vague
,
and fluid and is meant
to symbolize something.
Claude Debussy —
Composer
Claude Monet - Painter

19. Composed popular
songs and jazz pianist.
Died at age 38 of brain
EUfTIOF.

20. Firebird The Rite of Spring,

22. 1900 —Europe and US in period of economic stability and
peace.
Modernism —optimistic experimentation and revolutionary new
styles.
Composers reject tonality and rhythmic norms.
Impressionism & expressionism.
WWI shattered sense of optimism. (40 million died; 20 million
wounded)
Bolshevik revolution and spread of Communism.
Great Depression (1929-1933)
Prohibition women s right to vote, New Deal.

23. Influenced by Jazz.
Later music in Neo-Classical style (Pulcinella)
Wrote a Mass and an opera called, The Rake s
Progress
Started writing music for films.
Twelve-tone music included an elegy for JFK,
and a Requiem (in anticipation of his own death).
Highly rhythmic unusual orchestration, original
harmony (often with two tonal centers).